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AIM: To investigate the short-term visual quality outcomes after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and evolution implantable collamer lens(EVO-ICL)implantation for the correction of moderate myopia.METHODS: Prospective control study. A total of 51 cases(51 eyes)with moderate myopia who underwent SMILE or EVO-ICL implantation surgery at Weifang Eye Hospital from April 2021 to February 2022 were selected. They were divided into SMILE group(30 patients, 30 eyes)and EVO-ICL group(21 patients, 21 eyes)according to the surgical methods. The changes of visual acuity [uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)], diopter [spherical equivalent(SE)] and related parameters of optical quality analysis system(OQAS Ⅱ)were observed before surgery and at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery, and the quality of vision(QoV)questionnaire was completed.RESULTS: At 3mo after surgery, the safety index(postoperative CDVA/preoperative CDVA)of SMILE gruop and EVO-ICL group were 1.20(1.00, 1.20)and 1.20(1.00, 1.38), respectively, the efficacy index(postoperative UDVA/preoperative CDVA)were 1.00(1.00, 1.20)and 1.00(1.00, 1.20), respectively, and the percentage of SE within ±0.50D was 87% and 100%, respectively. In SMILE group, the objective scattering index(OSI)was increased after surgery, while modulation transfer function cutoff frequency(MTF cutoff), contrast visual acuity(VA)100%, and VA20% at 1wk and 1mo after surgery, and Strehl ratio(SR)and VA9% at each time point after surgery were all decreased compared with those before surgery(all P0.05). The most common visual symptoms after SMILE and EVO-ICL implantation were visual haze and halos, respectively.CONCLUSION: Both SMILE and EVO-ICL implantation have good safety, efficacy and predictability in the short term after the correction of moderate myopia. Both groups had visual symptoms after surgery, but the overall satisfaction of patients was high. Furthermore, EVO-ICL implantation has better objective visual quality performance.

AIM:To observe the changes in corneal aberrations and the characteristics of visual quality after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(T-PRK)and femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)in the correction of low myopia.METHODS: Prospective cohort study. A total of 32 cases(32 eyes)with low myopia who underwent T-PRK surgery and 45 cases(45 eyes)of SMILE surgery at Weifang Eye Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs)and objective visual quality were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the surgery successfully without complications such as infection. At 3mo postoperatively, the safety index was 1.13±0.16 and 1.16±0.17(P=0.48)and the efficacy index was 1.10±0.20 and 1.15±0.18(P=0.27)in the T-PRK and SMILE groups, respectively. The percentage of UCVA(LogMAR)≤0 in the T-PRK and SMILE groups was 94% and 98%, respectively. The percentage of the residual SE within ±0.5D was 88% and 87% in the two groups, respectively. The HOAs and spherical aberration in both groups were significantly increased(P≤0.01), and the increase was not statistically significant between the two groups(P=0.31, 0.89). There was no significant change in horizontal coma, horizontal trefoil and vertical trefoil in both groups(P>0.05). The vertical coma in SMILE group was significantly increased(P0.05), and the increase was significantly greater in SMILE group than in T-PRK group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Both T-PRK and SMILE showed good safety, efficacy, and visual quality in correcting low myopia, while SMILE induced more vertical coma than T-PRK.

AIM: To investigate the histological characteristics and ultrastructure of recurrent Chinese R124L mutated corneal dystrophy after keratoplasty. METHODS: The subjects were enrolled from a Chinese family of corneal dystrophy with R124L heterozygous gene mutation and with a history of consanguineous marriage. Normal corneal samples were used as controls. RESULTS: In this family, 2 patients (3 eyes) underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and 2 patients (4 eyes) underwent lamellar keratoplasty (LKP). They had recurrence at 33.5±3.0 (range 30-36)mo after keratoplasty. Among them, 1 patient (1 eye) underwent PKP again and 1 patient (2 eyes) underwent LKP again. In the R124L mutated recurrent corneal dystrophy, the corneal turbidity was mainly distributed from the upper corneal cortex to the anterior stroma; the corneal epithelium surface was rougher and more uneven; and, the corneal erosions were larger. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the thickness of the corneal epithelium was uneven; the arrangement of the epithelial cells was disordered; and, some corneal epithelial cells were swollen. The results of Congo red staining, Masson's trichrome staining and Periodic acid-Schiff staining were positive, while that of Alcian blue staining was negative. Under a transmission electron microscope, deposition of high electron density substances between epithelial and basal cells, and, apoptosis of basal cells were observed. Many high electron density depositions were observed in the sub-epithelial and anterior corneal matrix. CONCLUSION: In the Chinese family of recurrent corneal dystrophy with R124L gene mutation, the corneal epithelia of the recurrent cases are rougher, and the corneal depositions are extracellular amyloid fibrin.

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is one of the most common liver malignancies with high mortality and morbidity. Thus, it is crucial to identify potential biomarker that is capable of accurately predicting the prognosis and therapeutic response of LIHC. Kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) is a microtubule-based motor protein involved in the transport of macromolecules such as organelle proteins in cells. Recent studies have illustrated that the high expression of KIF5A was related to poor prognosis of solid tumors, including bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. However, little is currently known concerning the clinical significance of KIF5A expression in LIHC. Herein, by adopting multi-omics bioinformatics analysis, we comprehensively uncovered the potential function and the predictive value of KIF5A in stratifying clinical features among patients with LIHC, for which a high KIF5A level predicted an unfavorable clinical outcome. Results from KIF5A-related network and enrichment analyses illustrated that KIF5A might involve in microtubule-based process, antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II. Furthermore, immune infiltration and immune function analyses revealed upregulated KIF5A could predict a unique tumor microenvironment with more CD8+T cells and a higher level of anti-tumor immune response. Evidence provided by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) further validated our findings at the protein level. Taken together, KIF5A might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response and could be a potential target for anti-cancer strategies for LIHC.

AIM: To investigate the early corneal morphological changes and the possible influenced factors of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)combined with corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL)in the treatment of refractive error.METHODS: This was a retrospective case study. The patients(76 eyes)with ametropia who had undergone SMILE surgery in our hospital from September 2018 to March 2019 were small age, high degree of severity, thin cornea or irregular shape. The patients were divided into the SMILE combined with CXL group with 17 patients(32 eyes)and the SMILE group with 22 patients(44 eyes). The corneal morphological parameters of the two groups were measured preoperatively and 1mo postoperatively. RESULTS: There were significant statistically differences in the changes of K1, K2, Km, central corneal thickness, posterior corneal elevation, anterior corneal elevation parameters, posterior corneal elevation parameters, the D value and index of vertical asymmetry(IVA)between these two groups(PP>0.05). The changes of some parameters of the corneal anterior surface morphology of the two groups were correlated with the corneal cutting depth, spherical equivalent and optical zone diameter(PP>0.05). There was no apparent correlation between the changes of corneal surface morphology and the cross-linking depthin SMILE combined with CXL group(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: SMILE combined with CXL was applied to the high-risk patients with small age, high degree of severity, thin cornea or irregular shape, which increased its safety and effectiveness. SMILE combined with CXL didn't make significant effects on the posterior surface morphology of the cornea, but it influenced the anterior surface morphology. The influenced factors may be related to the corneal cutting depth, the spherical equivalent and the optical zone diameter.

In this research, long-term monitoring data from 2020 to 2023 were used to characterize O3 pollution in a typical inland city in northwest China (34°21′ N 109°30′ E), which indicated that ozone pollution yielded typical regular fluctuations and high ozone concentrations from April to September were observed. Ozone varied in the range of 16–176 μg/m3, and maximum peaks were found usually at 14:00–17:00 in June and July. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between ozone and temperature, with correlation coefficients of 0.93. The wind speed exhibits a similar variation as ozone. Meanwhile, negative correlations were not so notably observed among ozone, humidity, VOCs, and NOx. Finally, the empirical kinetic model OZIPR (Ozone Isopleth Plotting Program for Research) was employed to analyze the sensitivity relationship among ozone and precursor compounds by calculating EMKA (Empirical Kinetics Modeling Approach) curves. The EKMA analysis results showed that during the whole ozone pollution period, ozone formation is mainly dominated by VOCs due to all the ratios of VOCs/NOx which fell in the VOCs control region. Therefore, VOCs should be priority controlled and more measures should be taken for better ozone pollution control abatement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic oxidation methods are divided into four categories: thermal catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and PMS activated catalysis, and their applications in the removal of toluene are summarized. It is found that the application of precious metals and metal oxides such as Pt, Au, Ag and CeO2 in catalysts has become more and more extensive in recent years. The load on the surface of different materials can significantly affect the physical properties of the finished catalyst such as strength and porosity, and then affect its adaptability to the working conditions and economic benefits. Then, the effects of catalytic materials and reaction conditions on the efficiency of toluene removal were analyzed in detail, and the nature of different types of toluene removal reactions was explained. In addition, according to the different types of reaction temperatures and research time, it is pointed out that catalytic oxidation methods are bound to develop in the direction of more moderate reaction conditions, and catalytic oxidation methods involving free radicals are bound to receive more attention and application because of their energy-saving and efficient characteristics. Finally, it is pointed out that the current research is difficult to apply to engineering and the research of reaction mechanism is insufficient, and the development suggestions are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To explore the histopathologic changes of Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy(RBCD). METHODS: Cornea buttons were obtained from patients in 1 pedigree who underwent lamella keratoplasty. Sections with HE and special staining which included symplectic blue staining and Masson staining and Congo red staining were observed under light microscope. Two normal cornea specimens(donated corneas from eye bank)were used as control. RESULTS: In those patients, the bowman's membrane disappeared. The main lesion was in bowman's membrane through HE staining, positive through PAS Congo red staining and Masson staining, negative through symplectic blue staining.CONCLUSION: The Reis - Bücklers corneal dystrophy is characterized as geographic map-like lesion of bowman's membrane, and the abnormal extracellular deposit is amyloid protein fiber.

AIM: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for moderate to high myopia.METHODS: Fifty-three eyes of 27 patients with moderate to high myopia(-3.25 to -21.5D)were received posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation with 2.8mm clear corneal incision. Changes of visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), counts of endothelial cells and surgically induced astigmatism at 1mo after surgery were observed. RESULTS: The preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA LogMAR)were 0.05±0.18, the postoperative BCVA at 1d were 0.02±0.14, the postoperative BCVA at 1wk were -0.05±0.11, the postoperative BCVA at 1mo were -0.07±0.10. The postoperative BCVA were statistically significant differences in different time(P2, the postoperative endothelial cell count at 1d was 2917.1±299.0/mm2; the postoperative endothelial cell count at 1wk was 2902.5±288.6/mm2; the postoperative endothelial cell count at 1mo was 2855.3±284.2/mm2. The postoperative endothelial cell count was not statistically significant differences in different time. The preoperative IOP was 15.8±2.5mmHg; the postoperative IOP at 1d was 15.3±2.9mmHg; the postoperative IOP at 1wk was 17.4±5.8mmHg; the postoperative IOP at 1mo were 15.8±2.6mmHg. The preoperative IOP was significantly different compared with postoperative IOP at 1d, 1wk and 1mo. The postoperative IOP at 1d and 1wk were statistically significant differences(PPCONCLUSION: Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for moderate to high myopia were safe, effective and predictability. But long-term effect remains needed to be further follow-up.

AIM: To analyze the changes in the central vault after implantable contact lens(ICL)implantation and its impact in patients with high myopia.METHODS: The clinical data of 27 patients(54 eyes)with high myopia were recievd ICL implantation in our hospital from January 2016 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, the vault was examined by Pentacam scheimpflug system at 1mo and 12mo after operation. The effects of white to white distance, ICL length, ICL degree, equivalent spherical mirror degree(spherical equivalent, SE)and pupil diameter on the change of arch height were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS: One month after ICL implantation, the vault was 582.45±173.18μm, 12mo after the operation, the vault was 509.47±163.82μm, 12mo after operation was significantly lower than that of 1mo after the operation, the difference was statistically significant(t=2.099, PPPCONCLUSION: The vault was reduced in 12mo after ICL implantation, and the length of ICL and WTW had a significant influence decrease in the vault. The length of ICL, the degree of ICL and the degree of the equivalent sphere had a significant influence on the vault.

To the cataract patient after corneal refractive surgery, if the intraocular lens power was determined by conventional formulas, different refractive errors may be produced after intraocular lens implantation. This inaccuracy of the lens power mainly came from 2 aspects-errors of corneal refractive power measurement and errors of formulas. Besides, imprecise of ocular axial length measurement and invalid lens position calculation also contributed to the inaccuracy of lens power. Therefore, in order to reduce refractive errors of cataractous surgery in patient underwent refractive surgery, appropriate method should be used to estimate the refractive power of corneal, and proper formula should be selected to calculate intraocular lens power.

AIM: To analyze dryeye disease after the femtosecond laser and mechanical microkeratome for laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)by Oculus dry eye analyzer examination.METHODS: The people who had femtosecond LASIK(FS-LASIK)and mechanical microkeratome LASIK in Weifang Eye Hospital from January 2014 to April 2014 were observed. Sixty patients(120 eyes)who had corneal refractive surgery were collected. The average age of patients was 27.46±6.65 years old. The LASIK group had 28 patients(56 eyes)and the FS-LASIK group had 32 patients(64 eyes). The tears river altitude, first tear break up time(BUT), and average BUT at preoperative, 1wk and 1mo after operation were observed by Oculus dry eye analyzer.RESULTS: By Oculus dry eye analyzer examination, the preoperative tears river altitude of patients was 0.25±0.10mm. First BUT was 6.70±3.86s. Average BUT time was 10.14±4.51s. At 1wk after operation, the tears river altitude of patients was 0.19±0.04mm. The first BUT time was 4.87±1.71s. The average BUT time was 7.77±2.30s. There was significant difference between preoperative and 1wk after operation(PPPCONCLUSION: LASIK and FS-LASIK patients have different degree of dry eye symptom after operation. Dry eye symptoms mainly display in the decrease of tear production and the stability of tear film. It will be better after giving artificial tears. Oculus dry eye analyzer is a non-invasive examination equipment. It can reflect the amount of tears and the stability of tear film. It is usefull in rapid diagnosis of dry eye and judgment of the degree of dry eye symptom after LASIK operation.

For the children with congenital cataract, cataract surgery is the consensus. But after congenital cataract surgery,it is still controversial that whether to implant intraocular lenses, the age of the implantation and the degree of lenses. In this paper, both refractive changes in the children with congenital cataract and correction on residual refraction postoperatively were summarized.