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Objective: was directed to evaluate platelet rich fibrin alone and in combination with xenograft as an alternative to bone substitute in treatment of critical sized bone defects in dogs. Material and methods:8 dogs were selected for this study in which diabetes mellitus was induced. Root canal treatment was done in the 2nd and 4th premolar teeth of both sides then 4 critical sized bone defects were created in relation to the distal root of the selected teeth. According to the bone cavity filling materials there was 4 groups xenograft, xenograft and PRF, PRF and blood clot groups. Dogs were sacrificed at 4 days,2,5and 9 weeks the mandibles were harvested for DEXA evaluation. Results: bone density measurement at 9 weeks was significant with Xenograft and PRF group than Xenograft, PRF and blood clot groups, and at the same time there was no significance between Xenograft and PRF groups. Conclusion: PRF is a valuable material that can be used as a sole grafting material in periradicular surgery to improve bone regeneration.

Aim: It is to evaluate using of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) And Calcium Hydroxide as a pulpotomy agent. Subjects and Methods : The present study was carried out on 9 adult healthy mongrel dogs which classified into 3 equal groups. Under general anesthesia, by means of split-mouth technique the dog’s mandibular teeth were used. After the period of study, the animals were sacrificed by overdose of thiopental sodium and the lower jaw was excised with a bone saw. The study was carried out under the histological evaluation of cellular and pulp tissue response using H&E stains. Results: The result of the present study revealed that, the early response of pulp tissue to all tested materials was inflammatory reactions, of various degrees, that were subsided by time completely only in PRF group. PRF has a powerful agent for regenerative effect on pulp tissue in an absence of dentin bridge formation. It also showed that, the PRF was well tolerated by pulp tissue of dogs’ teeth. On the contrary, pulp degeneration and necrosis were the end results of pulpotomy with Calcium hydroxide agent. Conclusion: PRF can be more reliable than Calcium hydroxide in pulpotomy. PRF is the new material of choice that could be used as alternative to calcium hydroxide in pulpotomy.

Background: adjunctive local periodontal therapy is one of the best options to improve the health of the pocket tissue. The comparison of local effects of simvastatin and metformin as aid in enhance the healing of periodontal tissue is the point of importance. Methods: a total of 45 systemically healthy patients with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis; which having a generalized pocket depth varied from 3mm to 5mm. All patients handled by scaling and root planning and divided haphazardly into: group I, as a control group (n= 15), in which the patients treated by application of placebo gel; group II, (n= 15) treated with application 1.2% simvastatin gel; group III, (n= 15), treated with application of 1% metformin gel. Clinical and biochemical criteria were collected at threshold 3, 6 and 9 months. Results: an advancement in both plaque and gingival indexes was noticed in total 3 groups at 6 and 9 months. Plaque index and gingival index showed decrement in group II and III than group I. The cutback in probing depth and clinical attachment loss was higher in the group III than other groups. Significant minimization in both IL-6 and TNF-α levels occurred from baseline to the end of measurement duration in all groups. Clear interaction was established amid IL-6 and TNF-α heights. Conclusion: metformin was comparatively better than simvastatin in respect of clinical and biochemical markers.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pilocarpine on the histological changes, induced by exposure to radiation therapy, in the rat’s lingual salivary glands. Subjects and methods: This study was carried on 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150-250 g. That the rats were divided into 3 groups (10 rats per each). Group I: Control group received neither radiation nor drug. Group II: exposed to a single whole body γ-irradiation at dose of 6 Gray (Gy). Group (3): the rats were injected intraperitoneally by a single dose of pilocarpine hydrochloride (0.2 mg/kg) 90 minute before the exposure of the previous dose of radiation. Results: One week after x-ray radiation the glands demonstrated marked destructive changes. These changes comprise in the form of loss of acinar architecture, and acinar degeneration and atrophy. Pilocarpine administration prior to radiation has decreased, but not completely prevents, the harmful effects of radiation. The radioprotective effect of pilocarpine treatment was manifested by the decreased atrophic changes and the absence of degenerated acinar cells. Conclusion: Administration of pilocarpine can protect, to some extent, the lingual salivary glands against radiation histological damage.

The aim of the present study was directed to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) as a chemopreventive modality on experimentally induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. Material and methods: Forty Syrian male hamsters five weeks old, weighing 80-120g, were divided into four groups of ten animals in each as follows, GI: Topical application of liquid paraffin alone (three times a week for 14 weeks), GII: Topical application of 7, 12 dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) alone (0.5% in liquid paraffin, three times a week for 14 weeks), GIII: Topical application of DMBA (0.5% in liquid paraffin, three times a week for 14 weeks) + Oral administration of RA (100mg/kg b.w in 1ml distilled water by oral gavage, three times a week for 14 weeks on alternate days of DMBA application), GIV : Oral administration of RA alone (100mg/kg b.w in 1ml distilled water by oral gavage, three times a week for 14 weeks). Results: Gross observation and histopathological findings revealed a-GI: normal stratified squamous epithelium b- GII: well and moderately differentiated SCC c-: GIII: revealed considerably reversed tumor incidence d: GIV: normal similar to GI. Immunohistochemical results revealed, oral administration of RA to DMBA treated hamsters restored the normal expression of bcl-2 and Bax indicating that RA may have chemopreventive mechanism and/or pro-apoptotic effects. Conclusion: RA may act through various mechanisms, such as exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects as well as inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and selectively inducing cancer cells apoptosis.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of mixing simvastatin with Nanobone graft on thehealing process of extraction sockets regarding to the histological parameter.Materials and Methods: In a prospective randomized clinical study, ten patients (study group, Group II) treated by simvastatinmixed with Nanobone after tooth extraction. The other ten patients (Control group, Group I) received Nanobone only. Threemonths after tooth extraction and socket preservation, histological biopsies were taken at the time of implant placement. Thebiopsies were evaluated in the terms of the histological parameter for the identification of vascularization and bone metabolismfactors.Results: The use of simvastatin combination results in slightly higher values of mineralized area of newly formed boneandnumerous well differentiated capillary vascularization.Conclusion: Simvastatin and Nanobone combination showed improvement in socket preservation.