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Niels Abildgaard,1,2 Jonatan Freilich,3,4 Pekka Anttila,5 Nawal Bent-Ennakhil,6 Yuanjun Ma,3 Mariann Lassenius,7 Sigurd Ørstavik,8 Iiro Toppila,7 Anders Waage,9 Ingemar Turesson,10 Markus Hansson11 1Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 2Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 3Department of Access Consulting, PAREXEL International, Stockholm, Sweden; 4Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; 5Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; 6Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland; 7Medaffcon, Espoo, Finland; 8Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Oslo, Norway; 9Department of Hematology, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; 10Lund University Cancer Centre, University of Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; 11Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, SwedenCorrespondence: Niels Abildgaard, Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Kloevervaenget 10, Floor 12, 5000 Odense C, Denmark, Tel +45 6541 1155, Email niels.abildgaard@rsyd.dkPurpose: Linked health-care registries and high coverage in Nordic countries lend themselves well to epidemiologic research. Given its relatively high incidence in Western Europe, complexity in diagnosis, and challenges in registration, multiple myeloma (MM) was selected to compare registries in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.Patients and Methods: Data were obtained from four archetypal registries in each country (spanning January 2005–October 2018): National Patient Registry (NPR), Prescribed Drug Registry (PDR), Cancer Registry (CR), and Cause of Death Registry. Patients newly diagnosed with MM who received MM-specific treatment were included. PDR/NPR treatment records were used to assess incident NPR cases. The registration quality of MM-specific drugs in the PDR of each country was also evaluated.Results: In Denmark, only 6% of patients in the NPR were not registered in the CR; in Sweden, it was 16.9%. No systematic differences were identified that could explain this discrepancy. In Denmark, lenalidomide and bortezomib were registered in the NPR with high coverage, but less expensive drugs typically given in combination with bortezomib were not covered in any of the registries. In Finland and Sweden, bortezomib records were not identified in the PDR, but some were in the NPR; other drugs had good coverage in the PDR.Conclusions: The registries evaluated in this study can be used to identify the MM population; however, given the gaps in MM registration in the Finnish and Swedish CRs, Danish registries provide the most comprehensive datasets for research on treatment patterns for MM.Plain Language Summary: National patient registries collect observational data on populations of patients and are often used for research. In this study, we investigated how complete the national patient registries were for Denmark, Finland and Sweden when recording the number of patients with multiple myeloma (MM; a type of bone marrow cancer) between 2005 and 2018. We also investigated the completeness in registration of given treatments during the study period in the national registries. Overall, the Danish national patient registries had the most comprehensive information on patients with MM. Registry data from Denmark could therefore be useful for conducting further research into the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of patients with MM.Keywords: incidence, prevalence, real-world evidence

Ionization-induced electron injection was investigated experimentally by focusing a driving laser pulse with a maximum normalized potential of 1.2 at different positions along the plasma density profile inside a gas cell, filled with a gas mixture composed of 99%H2+1%N2. Changing the laser focus position relative to the gas cell entrance controls the accelerated electron bunch properties, such as the spectrum width, maximum energy, and accelerated charge. Simulations performed using the 3D particle-in-cell code WARP with a realistic density profile give results that are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The interest of this regime for optimizing the bunch charge in a selected energy window is discussed.