Weiss, Joshua L., Malone, Fergal D., Vidaver, John, Ball, Robert H., Nyberg, David A., D'Alton, Mary E., Timor-Tritsch, Ilan E., Dugoff, Lorraine, Gross, Susan J., Berkowitz, Richard L., Hanskins, Gary D., and Comstock, Christine H.
The risk of adverse outcome for pregnancies, with first-trimester threatened abortion, due to first-trimester vaginal bleeding, occurring in 16 to 25 percent of all pregnancies, is discussed. Various outcomes of the first-trimester bleeding during pregnancy include the pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), placental abruption, placenta previa, and cesarean delivery.