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7. 421. Exploiting phenotypic plasticity in animal breeding

Author

Kebede, F.G., primary, Komen, H., additional, Dessie, T., additional, Hanotte, O., additional, Kemp, S., additional, Pita Barros, C., additional, Crooijmans, R., additional, Derks, M., additional, Alemu, S.W., additional, and Bastiaansen, J.W.M., additional

Published
2022
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11. Exploiting phenotypic plasticity in animal breeding

Author

Kebede, F.G., Komen, H., Dessie, T., Hanotte, O., Kemp, S., Pita Barros, C., Crooijmans, R., Derks, M., Alemu, S.W., Bastiaansen, J.W.M., Kebede, F.G., Komen, H., Dessie, T., Hanotte, O., Kemp, S., Pita Barros, C., Crooijmans, R., Derks, M., Alemu, S.W., and Bastiaansen, J.W.M.

Abstract

Livestock populations can have different genetic backgrounds and may vary in their capacity to respond to environmental changes. Our findings suggest that improved chicken breeds differ in growth performance and phenotypic plasticity (yield stability) when they are introduced into new tropical environments. Dual consideration of productivity and phenotypic plasticity gives opportunities to select or recommend genotypes with optimal performance and wider adaptability for smallholder farmers raising livestock in different agroecologies.

Published
2022

12. Genomic signatures for drylands adaptation at gene-rich regions in African zebu cattle

Author

TIJJANI, A., SALIM, B., SILVA, M. V. G. B., ELTAHIR, H. A., MUSA, T. H., MARSHALL, K., HANOTTE, O., MUSA, H. H., ABDULFATAI TIJJANI, International Livestock Research Institute - ILRI, BASHIR SALIM, University of Khartoum, MARCOS VINICIUS GUALBERTO B SILVA, CNPGL, HAMZA A. ELTAHIR, University of Nyala, TAHA H. MUSA, Darfur College, KAREN MARSHALL, International Livestock Research Institute - ILRI, OLIVIER HANOTTE, International Livestock Research Institute - ILRI, and HASSAN H. MUSA, University of Nyala.

Subjects
Genome, Base Sequence, Zebu africano, Adaptação ao deserto, Genomics, Adaptation, Physiological, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Zebu sudanês, Insulina, Gado Zebu, Genetics, Metabolismo Animal, Animals, Cattle
Abstract

Background - Indigenous Sudanese cattle are mainly indicine/zebu (humped) type. They thrive in the harshest dryland environments characterised by high temperatures, long seasonal dry periods, nutritional shortages, and vector disease challenges. Here, we sequenced 60 indigenous Sudanese cattle from six indigenous breeds and analysed the data using three genomic scan approaches to unravel cattle adaptation to the African dryland region. Results - We identified a set of gene-rich selective sweep regions, detected mostly on chromosomes 5, 7 and 19, shared across African and Gir zebu. These include genes involved in immune response, body size and conformation, and heat stress response. We also identified selective sweep regions unique to Sudanese zebu. Of these, a 250 kb selective sweep on chromosome 16 spans seven genes, including PLCH2, PEX10, PRKCZ, and SKI, which are involved in alternative adaptive metabolic strategies of insulin signalling, glucose homeostasis, and fat metabolism. Conclusions - Our results suggest that environmental adaptation may involve recent and ancient selection at generich regions, which might be under a common regulatory genetic control, in zebu cattle. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-21T16:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genomic-signatures-for-drylands-adaptation-at-gene-rich-regions-in-African-zebu-cattle.pdf: 7532333 bytes, checksum: 3dc1bf56580424e98ba377f8c2afd4c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Published
2022

22. Assessing the relative ages of admixture in the bovine hybrid zones of Africa and the Near East using X chromosome haplotype mosaicism

Author

Freeman, Abigail R., Hoggart, Clive J., Hanotte, O., and Bradley, Daniel G.

Subjects
Cattle -- Genetic aspects, Cattle -- Research, Hybrid animals -- Genetic aspects, Hybrid animals -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Historical hybridization events between the two subspecies of cattle, Bos taurus and B. indicus, have occurred in several regions of the world, while other populations have remained nonadmixed. We typed closely linked X chromosome microsatellites in cattle populations with differing histories of admixture from Africa, Europe, the Near East, and India. Haplotype breakdown will occur as admixed populations age, and longer ancestral haplotypes will remain intact in more recently admixed populations compared to older ones. We genotyped male animals from these populations, obtaining unambiguous haplotypes, and measured levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and ancestral mosaicism. Extensive LD, likely to be the result of ongoing admixture, was discovered in hybrid cattle populations from the perimeter of the tsetse zone in West Africa. A Bayesian method to assign microsatellite allele ancestry was used to designate the likely origin of each chromosomal segment and assess the relative ages of admixture in the populations. A gradient of the age of admixture in the African continent emerged, where older admixture has produced more fragmented haplotypes in the south, and longer intact haplotypes, indicating more recent hybridization, feature in the northwest.

Published
2006

24. Genetic structure of Arabian Peninsula dromedary camels revealed three geographic groups.

Author

Almathen, F., Bahbahani, H., Elbir, H., Alfattah, M., Sheikh, A., and Hanotte, O.

Abstract

Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are widespread in the desert and semi-desert areas of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, some parts of southwest Asia and Australia. In the Arabian Peninsula, these well-adapted species have been classified based on their ecology into Desert camels, found mainly in the north and center of the Peninsula, Mountain camels, distributed along the west and south of the Peninsula, and Beach camels, populating the west to southwest of the Peninsula. Here, we aimed to investigate the genetic relationship between 386 camels corresponding to 12 dromedary populations from different geographical locations and ecology in the Arabian Peninsula with the genotyping of 17 microsatellite loci. No significant deviation was observed in heterozygosity, allelic richness, F is (inbreeding coefficient) among the studied populations had a mean value of 0.5849, 4.808 and 0.04, respectively. A mean F st (fixation index) value of 0.0304 was calculated for the various populations with the highest value obtained between racing Omani and Awarik camel populations (0.079). Both the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and the STRUCTURE analysis divided the populations into three different groups corresponding to their Arabian Peninsula geographic location (North, Central and West, South-West, and South-East of the Arabian Peninsula), rather than their ecological classification, with a high level of genetic admixture and gene flow among them. Investigating the genetic relationship of dromedary populations in the Arabian Peninsula can be considered as the first milestone to conserve this well-adapted species. The results obtained here need to be further validated using whole genome sequencing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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