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In this study, we used a screen‐printed electrode (SPE) modified with polypyrrole (PP), ZnO/Co3O4 nanocomposite, and ds‐DNA as an extremely sensitive DNA biosensor to monitor tirapazamine (TPZ) real samples. To build the ds‐DNA/PP/ZnO/Co3O4 NC/SPE biosensor, the layer‐by‐layer manufacturing process was used. The proper alteration of the SPE surface as well as the effective fabrication of the ZnO/Co3O4 nanocomposite were both validated by the physicochemical characterization techniques. As a result of improving its conductivity of electricity along with allowing charged particles to move more easily, the modified SPE demonstrated much decreased the resistance of charge transfer based on the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. With the 0.43 nM LOD value, the suggested biosensor effectively measured TPZ throughout a broad concentration between 0.001 and 120 µM. Additionally, the molecular docking investigation among the TPZ molecule as well as the DNA was conducted to anticipate the TPZ contact sites with DNA and verified the experimental results. By combining the benefits of ZnO/Co3O4 nanocomposite with vital information from the molecular docking investigation, the current research lays the door for the creation of very sensitive DNA biosensors, which can be utilized to track and measure TPZ of real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, aqueous, ethanol, methanol, and hexane extracts from Iraqi Kurdistan Region Daphne mucronata were prepared due to the numerous applications and development of nanofibers in biological and medical fields, including food packaging, enzyme stabilization, and wound dressing. In the initial evaluation of the extracts, the antioxidant properties against DPPH, antimicrobial properties against 3-gram-positive bacterial species, 3-gram negative bacterial species, 3-common bacterial species between aquatic and human, and 3-fungal species, and anticancer properties against breast cancer cells were performed. The results proved that the methanol extract has the highest antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. After identifying the compounds of prepared methanol extract using GC/MS, polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing methanol extract of Daphne mucronata were prepared. The structure and characteristics of prepared nanofibers were confirmed and determined using FTIR, TGA, BET, SEM, flexural strength, compressive strength, and hydrophilicity. Synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing methanol extract of D. mucronata were subjected to antimicrobial properties on the strains studied in methanol extract of D. mucronata . The antimicrobial properties of synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing methanol extract of D. mucronata were compared. The results showed that synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing methanol extract of D. mucronata have the potential to introduction bioactive natural synthesis nanoparticles., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Muzammil, Kzar, Mohammed, Mohammed, Hamood, Hussein, Hanoon, Qasim, Hussien Alawadi and Alsalamy.)