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We investigated cross-sectional associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and measures of brain volume and cerebral small vessel disease among participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort.A total of 1897 participants (mean ± standard deviation, age 62±9) completed Food Frequency Questionnaires and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Higher (pro-inflammatory) DII scores, averaged across a maximum of three time points, were associated with smaller total brain volume (beta ± standard error: -0.16 ± 0.03; P.0001) after adjustment for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle covariates. In addition, higher DII scores were associated with smaller total gray matter volume (-0.08 ± 0.03; P = .003) and larger lateral ventricular volume (0.04 ± 0.02; P = .03). No associations were observed with other brain MRI measures.Our findings showed associations between higher DII scores and global brain MRI measures. As we are one of the first groups to report on the associations between higher DII scores and brain volume, replication is needed to confirm our findings.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether higher (i.e., pro-inflammatory) Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores were associated with increased concentrations of inflammatory markers in the community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort. METHODS: We studied 1978 participants (age 61 [SD, 9] years, 53.9% women) from the Offspring cohort who completed a validated 126-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at exam 7 (1998–2001) and at least one of exams 5 (1991–1995) or exam 6 (1995–1998), and on whom inflammatory markers were measured at exam 7. We created a DII score based on the published scoring algorithm by Shivappa et al. 2014, (developed from previous studies linking individual dietary factors to six inflammatory markers); a cumulative DII score was calculated by averaging across a maximum of three FFQs. We used linear regression models to test associations between the cumulative DII score and natural log-transformed concentrations of adiponectin, cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, resistin, and TNF-α. RESULTS: Higher DII scores were independently associated with higher mean concentrations of four inflammatory markers after adjustment for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle covariates (β± SE, CRP 0.14 mg/L ± 0.04; P

Background: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), has been specifically designed to capture the inflammatory content of diet and has shown association with neurodegenerative disease related outcomes. But literature is limited on the role of diet-driven inflammation measured by the DII on incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD)., Objective: We evaluated whether higher DII scores were associated with increased incidence of all-cause dementia and AD over 22.3 years of follow-up in the community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort., Design Setting and Participants: Observational longitudinal study in the FHS Offspring cohort. Dementia surveillance for present study: until 2020. Data were analyzed from December 2020 to June 2022. Participants completed a validated 126-item food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), administered at FHS examination cycle 7 (1998-2001) and examination cycle 5 (1991-1995), and/or 6 (1995-1998). Individuals aged <60 years, with prevalent dementia, no dementia follow-up, other relevant neurological diseases, and/or no FFQ data were excluded., Exposure: A DII score (based on the published method by Shivappa et al. 2014) was created based on previous studies linking individual dietary factors to six inflammatory markers (i.e. C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), consisting of 36 components. A cumulative DII score was calculated by averaging across a maximum of three FFQs., Main Outcomes and Measures: Incident all-cause dementia and AD., Results: We included 1487 participants (mean±SD, age in years 69 ± 6; 53·2% women; 31·6% college graduates]). 246 participants developed all-cause dementia (including AD n=187) over a median follow up time of 13·1 years. Higher DII scores were associated with an increased incidence of all-cause dementia and AD following adjustment for age and sex (Hazard ratio (HR) 1·16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07 to 1·25, p<.001; HR 1·16, 95% CI 1·06 to 1·26, p=.001). The relationships remained after additional adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates (HR 1·21, 95% CI 1·10 to 1·33, p<0.001; HR1·20, 95% CI1·07 to 1·35, p=.001)., Conclusion and Relevance: Higher DII scores were associated with a higher risk of incident all-cause dementia and AD. Although these promising findings need to be replicated and further validated, our results suggest that diets which correlate with low DII scores may prevent late-life dementia.