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1. Diversity and Trophic Relationships of Functional Groups of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombus Latreille, 1802) in Urban Habitats

Author

Hanna Yu Honchar

Subjects
Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Species composition, distribution, and trophic relationships of bumblebees are studied in six types of urban habitat: urban parks, botanical gardens, least-disturbed areas within the city, residential areas, and roadsides. Twenty bumblebee species are recorded in the present study. The species composition of bumblebees has changed from 1933 to 2017. Rare species have disappeared from the city—Bombus fragrans, B. cullumanus, and B. jonellus. The core of urban bumblebee communities consists of ecologically plastic species, most of which belong to the functional morphoecological “short-tongued” group (83%). The more specialized “medium-tongued” and “long-tongued” species are less diverse. Their populations make up 14% and 3% of the total bumblebee population. Five most common species, B. lucorum, B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. pascuorum, and B. hypnorum, are found at locations of the most noted categories of habitats. One of the main factors affecting the diversity of morphoecological groups of bumblebees in urban conditions is the state of floral resources. The bumblebees are observed feeding on more than 60 plant species of the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, and Salicaceae in urban environment; however, the insects favored plants of 30 species. The ornamental, ruderal, and some invasive species of plants are significant in bumblebees’ feeding in urban conditions. The resources for bumblebee feeding and sustainable density of nesting sites are rich in quality and quantity only at a few of model urban sites. At these territories, the highest species diversity of bumblebee is recorded, including rare, protected, and vulnerable species. The ecological potential of other studied urban sites is enough to sustain the most ecologically plastic bumblebee species.

Published
2020
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2. Radiocesium (137Cs) and Mineral Elements in Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms from the Southern Outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine

Author

Hanna Yu Honchar, Anna A. Grodzinskaya, Anatoliy I Samchuk, and Vitaliy B Nebesnyi

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pharmacology, Minerals, Mushroom, Macrolepiota procera, Cesium, Chlorophyllum, Biology, Xerocomellus chrysenteron, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Leccinum scabrum, Cesium Radioisotopes, 010608 biotechnology, Drug Discovery, Botany, Humans, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricales, Ukraine, Laetiporus sulphureus, Food Contamination, Radioactive
Abstract

In recent decades, the estimation of radionuclide and heavy metal levels in culinary-medicinal mushrooms has been of interest because some of them have proven to be hyperaccumulators of toxic elements. This article presents results on radiocesium (137Cs) activity in fruit bodies of medicinal-culinary mushrooms-Agaricus sylvaticus Schaeff., Chlorophyllum rhacodes (Vitt.) Vellinga, Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.) Vilgalys, Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, Coprinopsis atramentaria (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo, Coprinus comatus (O.F. Mull.) Pers., Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With., Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill, Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray, Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, Melanoleuca brevipes (Bull.) Pat., Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm., Xerocomellus chrysenteron (Bull.) Sutara, nonedible Echinoderma asperum (Pers.) Bon, and toxic species Agaricus xanthodermus Genev.-collected in 2015, as well as magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, cadmium, selenium, lead, and mercury content in medicinal-culinary species-Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm., Ch. rhacodes, C. comatus, Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, Gyroporus cyanescens (Bull.) Quel., L. scabrum, M. procera, P. ostreatus, and X. chrysenteron-collected during 2016-2017 on the southern outskirts of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. The data obtained suggest safe levels of radiocesium and some essential and toxic elements in mushroom fruit bodies. All the investigated species are collective sorbents of magnesium, manganese, copper, and zinc; thus, they represent the source of the intake of these elements in the human body. The species-specific manner of mineral element accumulation was observed. In addition to medicinal values, some species (in particular, M. procera and Ch. rhacodes) are of interest as potential informative bioindicators of heavy metal contamination of the environment.

Published
2019

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