41,231 results on '"Hanke, A"'
Search Results
2. Broadband millimeter-wave frequency mixer based on thin-film lithium niobate photonics
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Xie, Xiangzhi, Feng, Hanke, Tao, Yuansheng, Zhang, Yiwen, Chen, Yikun, Zhang, Ke, Chen, Zhaoxi, and Wang, Cheng
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Frequency mixers are fundamental components in modern wireless communication and radar systems, responsible for up- and down-conversion of target radio-frequency (RF) signals. Recently, photonic-assisted RF mixers have shown unique advantages over traditional electronic counterparts, including broad operational bandwidth, flat frequency response, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, current integrated photonic mixers face significant challenges in achieving efficient conversion at high frequencies, especially in millimeter-wave bands, due to the limitations of existing electro-optic (EO) modulators. Additionally, high-frequency local oscillators in the millimeter-wave range are often difficult to obtain and expensive, leading to unsatisfactory cost and restricted operational bandwidth in practice. In this paper, we harness the exceptional EO property and scalability of thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonic platform to implement a high-performance harmonic reconfigurable millimeter-wave mixer. The TFLN photonic circuit integrates a broadband EO modulator that allows for extensive frequency coverage, and an EO frequency comb source that significantly reduces the required carrier frequency of the local oscillator. We experimentally demonstrate fully reconfigurable frequency down-conversion across a broad operational bandwidth ranging from 20 GHz to 67 GHz, with a large intermediate frequency of 20 GHz, as well as up-conversion to frequencies of up to 110 GHz. Our integrated photonic mixing system shows dramatically improved bandwidth performance, along with competitive indicators of frequency conversion efficiency and spurious suppression ratio, positioning it as a promising solution for future millimeter-wave transceivers in next-generation communication and sensing systems., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
3. Integrated adaptive coherent LiDAR for 4D bionic vision
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Chen, Ruixuan, Wu, Yichen, Zhang, Ke, Liu, Chuxin, Chen, Yikun, Li, Wencan, Shen, Bitao, Chen, Zhaoxi, Feng, Hanke, Ge, Zhangfeng, Zhou, Yan, Tao, Zihan, Xu, Weihan, Wang, Yimeng, Cai, Pengfei, Pan, Dong, Shu, Haowen, Zhou, Linjie, Wang, Cheng, and Wang, Xingjun
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a ubiquitous tool to provide precise spatial awareness in various perception environments. A bionic LiDAR that can mimic human-like vision by adaptively gazing at selected regions of interest within a broad field of view is crucial to achieve high-resolution imaging in an energy-saving and cost-effective manner. However, current LiDARs based on stacking fixed-wavelength laser arrays and inertial scanning have not been able to achieve the desired dynamic focusing patterns and agile scalability simultaneously. Moreover, the ability to synchronously acquire multi-dimensional physical parameters, including distance, direction, Doppler, and color, through seamless fusion between multiple sensors, still remains elusive in LiDAR. Here, we overcome these limitations and demonstrate a bio-inspired frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR system with dynamic and scalable gazing capability. Our chip-scale LiDAR system is built using hybrid integrated photonic solutions, where a frequency-chirped external cavity laser provides broad spectral tunability, while on-chip electro-optic combs with elastic channel spacing allow customizable imaging granularity. Using the dynamic zoom-in capability and the coherent FMCW scheme, we achieve a state-of-the-art resolution of 0.012 degrees, providing up to 15 times the resolution of conventional 3D LiDAR sensors, with 115 equivalent scanning lines and 4D parallel imaging. We further demonstrate cooperative sensing between our adaptive coherent LiDAR and a camera to enable high-resolution color-enhanced machine vision.
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- 2024
4. Programmable multifunctional integrated microwave photonic circuit on thin-film lithium niobate
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Wei, Chuangchuang, Feng, Hanke, Ye, Kaixuan, Eijkel, Maarten, Klaver, Yvan, Chen, Zhaoxi, Keloth, Akshay, Wang, Cheng, and Marpaung, David
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Microwave photonics, with its advanced high-frequency signal processing capabilities, is expected to play a crucial role in next-generation wireless communications and radar systems. The realization of highly integrated, high-performance, and multifunctional microwave photonic links will pave the way for its widespread deployment in practical applications, which is a significant challenge. Here, leveraging thin-film lithium niobate intensity modulator and programmable cascaded microring resonators, we demonstrate for the first time a tunable microwave photonic notch filter that simultaneously achieves high level of integration along with high dynamic range, high link gain, low noise figure, and ultra-high rejection ratio. Additionally, this programmable on-chip system is multifunctional, allowing for the dual-band notch filter and the suppression of the high-power interference signal. This work demonstrates the potential applications of the thin-film lithium niobate platform in the field of high-performance integrated microwave photonic filtering and signal processing, facilitating the advancement of microwave photonic system towards practical applications., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
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- 2024
5. Rabi oscillations and entanglement between two atoms interacting by the Rydberg blockade and with a quantized radiation field studied by the Jaynes-Cummings Model
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Santillan, Francisco D. and Hanke, Andreas
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Quantum Physics ,81V80 (Primary), 81V45, 81P40, 81P45 (Secondary) - Abstract
The interaction between atoms and a quantized radiation field is fundamentally important in quantum optics and quantum information science. Due to their unusual properties, Rydberg atoms are promising building blocks for two-qubit gates and atom-light quantum interfaces, exploiting the Rydberg blockade interaction which prevents two atoms at close distance from being simultaneously excited to Rydberg states. Recently, this effect was used to engineer quantum processors based on arrays of interacting Rydberg atoms illuminated by Raman lasers. Motivated by these experiments, we extend the Jaynes-Cummings model to study the interaction between two Rydberg atoms interacting by the Rydberg blockade and a quantized radiation field. We find a rich variety of Rabi oscillations and entanglement between the atoms and the radiation field as a function of initial conditions and interaction time, which may be used to obtain atom-light quantum interfaces as components for future long-distance quantum communication., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
6. Properties of outer solar system pebbles during planetesimal formation from meteor observations
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Jenniskens, Peter, Estrada, Paul R., Pilorz, Stuart, Gural, Peter S., Samuels, Dave, Rau, Steve, Abbott, Timothy M. C., Albers, Jim, Austin, Scott, Avner, Dan, Baggaley, Jack W., Beck, Tim, Blomquist, Solvay, Boyukata, Mustafa, Breukers, Martin, Cooney, Walt, Cooper, Tim, De Cicco, Marcelo, Devillepoix, Hadrien, Egland, Eric, Fahl, Elize, Gialluca, Megan, Grigsby, Bryant, Hanke, Toni, Harris, Barbara, Heathcote, Steve, Hemmelgarn, Samantha, Howell, Andy, Jehin, Emmanuel, Johannink, Carl, Juneau, Luke, Kisvarsanyi, Erika, Mey, Philip, Moskovitz, Nick, Odeh, Mohammad, Rachford, Brian, Rollinson, David, Scott, James M., Towner, Martin C., Unsalan, Ozan, van Wyk, Rynault, Wood, Jeff, Wray, James D., Pavao, C., and Lauretta, Dante S.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,85 - Abstract
In the late stages of accretion leading up to the formation of planetesimals, particles grew to pebbles the size of 1-mm to tens of cm. That is the same size range that dominates the present-day comet mass loss. Meteoroids that size cause visible meteors on Earth. Here, we hypothesize that the size distribution and the physical and chemical properties of young meteoroid streams still contain information about the conditions in the solar nebula during these late stages of accretion. From observations of 47 young meteor showers, we find that freshly ejected meteoroids from long-period comets tend to have low bulk density and are distributed with equal surface area per log-mass interval (magnitude distribution index chi ~ 1.85), suggesting gentle accretion conditions. Jupiter-family comets, on the other hand, mostly produce meteoroids twice as dense and distributed with a steeper chi ~ 2.15 or even chi ~ 2.5, which implies that those pebbles grew from particles fragmenting in a collisional cascade or by catastrophic collisions, respectively. Both comet populations contain an admixture of compact materials that are sometimes sodium-poor, but Jupiter-family comets show a higher percentage (~8% on average) than long-period comet showers (~4%), and a wider range. While there are exceptions in both groups, the implication is that most long-period comets formed under gentle particle growth conditions, possibly near the 30 AU edge of the Trans Neptunian Disk, while most Jupiter family comets formed closer to the Sun where pebbles reached or passed the fragmentation barrier. This is possible if the Scattered Disk represents all objects scattered by Neptune during its migration, while the present-day outer Oort cloud formed only during and after the Sun had moved away from sibling stars., Comment: 82 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
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- 2024
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7. Microwave resonator-enabled broadband on-chip electro-optic frequency comb generation
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Chen, Zhaoxi, Zhang, Yiwen, Feng, Hanke, Zeng, Yuansong, Zhang, Ke, and Wang, Cheng
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Optical frequency combs play a crucial role in optical communications, time-frequency metrology, precise ranging, and sensing. Among various generation schemes, resonant electro-optic combs are particularly attractive for its excellent stability, flexibility and broad bandwidths. In this approach, an optical pump undergoes multiple electro-optic modulation processes in a high-Q optical resonator, resulting in cascaded spectral sidebands. However, most resonant electro-optic combs to date make use of lumped-capacitor electrodes with relatively inefficient utilization of the input electrical power. This design also reflects most electrical power back to the driving circuits and necessitates costly RF isolators in between, presenting substantial challenges in practical applications. To address these issues, we present an RF circuit friendly electro-optic frequency comb generator incorporated with on-chip coplanar microwave resonator electrodes, based on a thin-film lithium niobate platform. Our design achieves more than three times electrical power reduction with minimal reflection at the designed comb repetition rate of ~ 25 GHz. We experimentally demonstrate broadband electro-optic frequency comb generation with a comb span of >85 nm at a moderate electrical driving power of 740 mW (28.7 dBm). Our power-efficient and isolator-free electro-optic comb source could offer compact, low-cost and simple-to-design solution for applications in spectroscopy, high-precise metrology, optical communications.
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- 2024
8. Current Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Cognitive Load, and Hands-On Performance of Secondary School Students during Bystander-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training: A Comparative Interventional Study between Two Teaching Models
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Rico Dumcke, Isabelle Hanke, Niels Rahe-Meyer, and Claas Wegner
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The implementation of educating "Basic Life Support (BLS) competences" in German schools is particularly affected by the often reported "implementational gap" --limited transfer of empirical findings into practice. This Design-Based Research (DBR) study evaluates two different methodologies for BLS teaching, generating implications for transfer. Students (N = 136) of a secondary school (11-13 years) were assigned to different methodological approaches. A test group (TG) received intervention implemented into regular biology lessons (10 units; n = 48); the control group (CG) participated in a basic instruction (2 units; n = 68). Both large-scale methods -- subject-matter teaching (TG) and project activity (CG) -- were compared regarding current motivation, self-efficacy, constructivist instruction, cognitive load, and practical skills. Data from n = 125 students (TG=48; TG=68) could be included into analysis (Mage=11,16; SD=.45; 55.2% female). Probability of success and interest increased, anxiety perception decreased (no group-interaction effect), whereas challenge perception remained constantly. Self-efficacy overall improved from before to after intervention, with TG reporting higher social self-efficacy and less negative outcome expectancies. No differences were found for practical BLS performance. MANOVA (after intervention) showed higher values for anxiety in TG, and for self-efficacy, CG has higher values for negative outcome expectancies (post hoc analysis). For cognitive load and constructivist instruction, no differences between groups were found. In conclusion, both methodological approaches seem to have their own pedagogical justification. Schools' implementation processes may benefit from combining (subject-matter) curriculum content with BLS information or content to facilitate time and resource-saving realization.
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- 2024
9. IHMCIF: An Extension of the PDBx/mmCIF Data Standard for Integrative Structure Determination Methods.
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Vallat, Brinda, Webb, Benjamin, Westbrook, John, Goddard, Thomas, Hanke, Christian, Graziadei, Andrea, Peisach, Ezra, Zalevsky, Arthur, Sagendorf, Jared, Tangmunarunkit, Hongsuda, Voinea, Serban, Sekharan, Monica, Yu, Jian, Bonvin, Alexander, DiMaio, Frank, Hummer, Gerhard, Meiler, Jens, Tajkhorshid, Emad, Ferrin, Thomas, Lawson, Catherine, Leitner, Alexander, Rappsilber, Juri, Seidel, Claus, Jeffries, Cy, Burley, Stephen, Hoch, Jeffrey, Kurisu, Genji, Morris, Kyle, Patwardhan, Ardan, Velankar, Sameer, Schwede, Torsten, Trewhella, Jill, Kesselman, Carl, Berman, Helen, and Sali, Andrej
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Data Standard ,IHMCIF ,PDB-Dev ,PDBx/mmCIF ,Worldwide Protein Data Bank ,Databases ,Protein ,Proteins ,Protein Conformation ,Models ,Molecular ,Software ,Crystallography ,X-Ray ,Macromolecular Substances ,Computational Biology ,Ligands - Abstract
IHMCIF (github.com/ihmwg/IHMCIF) is a data information framework that supports archiving and disseminating macromolecular structures determined by integrative or hybrid modeling (IHM), and making them Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). IHMCIF is an extension of the Protein Data Bank Exchange/macromolecular Crystallographic Information Framework (PDBx/mmCIF) that serves as the framework for the Protein Data Bank (PDB) to archive experimentally determined atomic structures of biological macromolecules and their complexes with one another and small molecule ligands (e.g., enzyme cofactors and drugs). IHMCIF serves as the foundational data standard for the PDB-Dev prototype system, developed for archiving and disseminating integrative structures. It utilizes a flexible data representation to describe integrative structures that span multiple spatiotemporal scales and structural states with definitions for restraints from a variety of experimental methods contributing to integrative structural biology. The IHMCIF extension was created with the benefit of considerable community input and recommendations gathered by the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) Task Force for Integrative or Hybrid Methods (wwpdb.org/task/hybrid). Herein, we describe the development of IHMCIF to support evolving methodologies and ongoing advancements in integrative structural biology. Ultimately, IHMCIF will facilitate the unification of PDB-Dev data and tools with the PDB archive so that integrative structures can be archived and disseminated through PDB.
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- 2024
10. Mitigating Losses of Superconducting Qubits Strongly Coupled to Defect Modes
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Zanuz, Dante Colao, Ficheux, Quentin, Michaud, Laurent, Orekhov, Alexei, Hanke, Kilian, Flasby, Alexander, Panah, Mohsen Bahrami, Norris, Graham J., Kerschbaum, Michael, Remm, Ants, Swiadek, François, Hellings, Christoph, Lazăr, Stefania, Scarato, Colin, Lacroix, Nathan, Krinner, Sebastian, Eichler, Christopher, Wallraff, Andreas, and Besse, Jean-Claude
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
The dominant contribution to the energy relaxation of state-of-the-art superconducting qubits is often attributed to their coupling to an ensemble of material defects which behave as two-level systems. These defects have varying microscopic characteristics which result in a large range of observable defect properties such as resonant frequencies, coherence times and coupling rates to qubits $g$. Here, we investigate strategies to mitigate losses to the family of defects that strongly couple to qubits ($g/2\pi\ge$ 0.5 MHz). Such strongly coupled defects are particularly detrimental to the coherence of qubits and to the fidelities of operations relying on frequency excursions, such as flux-activated two-qubit gates. To assess their impact, we perform swap spectroscopy on 92 frequency-tunable qubits and quantify the spectral density of these strongly coupled modes. We show that the frequency configuration of the defects is rearranged by warming up the sample to room temperature, whereas the total number of defects on a processor tends to remain constant. We then explore methods for fabricating qubits with a reduced number of strongly coupled defect modes by systematically measuring their spectral density for decreasing Josephson junction dimensions and for various surface cleaning methods. Our results provide insights into the properties of strongly coupled defect modes and show the benefits of minimizing Josephson junction dimensions to improve qubit properties.
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- 2024
11. An Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers Algorithm for the Weighted Fused LASSO Signal Approximator
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Dijkstra, Louis, Hanke, Moritz, Koenen, Niklas, and Foraita, Ronja
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Statistics - Methodology - Abstract
We present an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm designed to solve the Weighted Generalized Fused LASSO Signal Approximator (wFLSA). First, we show that wFLSAs can always be reformulated as a Generalized LASSO problem. With the availability of algorithms tailored to the Generalized LASSO, the issue appears to be, in principle, resolved. However, the computational complexity of these algorithms is high, with a time complexity of $O(p^4)$ for a single iteration, where $p$ represents the number of coefficients. To overcome this limitation, we propose an ADMM algorithm specifically tailored for wFLSA-equivalent problems, significantly reducing the complexity to $O(p^2)$. Our algorithm is publicly accessible through the R package wflsa.
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- 2024
12. Monolithic lithium niobate photonic chip for efficient terahertz-optic modulation and terahertz generation
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Zhang, Yiwen, Yang, Jingwei, Chen, Zhaoxi, Feng, Hanke, Zhu, Sha, Shum, Kam-Man, Chan, Chi Hou, and Wang, Cheng
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
The terahertz (THz) frequency range, bridging the gap between microwave and infrared frequencies, presents unparalleled opportunities for advanced imaging, sensing, communications, and spectroscopy applications. Terahertz photonics, in analogy with microwave photonics, is a promising solution to address the critical challenges in THz technologies through optical methods. Despite its vast potential, key technical challenges remain in effectively interfacing THz signals with the optical domain, especially THz-optic modulation and optical generation of THz waves. Here, we address these challenges using a monolithic integrated photonic chip designed to support efficient bidirectional interaction between THz and optical waves. Leveraging the significant second-order optical nonlinearity and strong optical and THz confinement in a thin-film lithium niobate on quartz platform, the chip supports both efficient THz-optic modulation and continuous THz wave generation at up to 500 GHz. The THz-optic modulator features a radio frequency (RF) half-wave voltage of 8V at 500 GHz, representing more than an order of magnitude reduction in modulation power consumption from previous works. The measured continuous wave THz generation efficiency of 4.8*10-6 /W at 500 GHz also marks a tenfold improvement over existing tunable THz generation devices based on lithium niobate. We further leverage the coherent nature of the optical THz generation process and mature optical modulation techniques to realize high-speed electro-THz modulation at frequencies up to 35 GHz. The chip-scale THz-photonic platform paves the way for more compact, efficient, and cost-effective THz systems with potential applications in THz communications, remote sensing, and spectroscopy.
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- 2024
13. In-situ optical vector analysis based on integrated lithium niobate single-sideband modulators
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Feng, Hanke, Ge, Tong, Hu, Yaowen, Wang, Zhenzheng, Zhang, Yiwen, Chen, Zhaoxi, Zhang, Ke, Sun, Wenzhao, and Wang, Cheng
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Optical vector analysis (OVA) is an enabling technology for comprehensively characterizing both amplitude and phase responses of optical devices or systems. Conventional OVA technologies are mostly based on discrete optoelectronic components, leading to unsatisfactory system sizes, complexity, and stability. They also encounter challenges in revealing the on-chip characteristics of integrated photonic devices, which are often overwhelmed by the substantial coupling loss and extra spectral response at chip facets. In this work, we demonstrate a miniaturized OVA system for integrated photonics devices based on broadband single sideband (SSB) modulators on a thin-film lithium niobate (LN) platform. The OVA could provide a direct probe of both amplitude and phase responses of photonic devices with kHz-level resolution and tens of terahertz measurement bandwidth. We perform in-situ characterizations of single and coupled microring resonators fabricated on the same chip as the OVA, unfolding their intrinsic loss and coupling states unambiguously. Furthermore, we achieve the direct measurement of collective phase dynamics and density of states of the Bloch modes in a synthetic frequency crystal, by in-situ OVA of a dynamically modulated microring resonator. Our in-situ OVA system provides a compact, high-precision, and broadband solution for characterizing future integrated photonic devices and circuits, with potential applications ranging from optical communications, biosensing, neuromorphic computing, to quantum information processing.
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- 2024
14. ReCycle: Fast and Efficient Long Time Series Forecasting with Residual Cyclic Transformers
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Weyrauch, Arvid, Steens, Thomas, Taubert, Oskar, Hanke, Benedikt, Eqbal, Aslan, Götz, Ewa, Streit, Achim, Götz, Markus, and Debus, Charlotte
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Transformers have recently gained prominence in long time series forecasting by elevating accuracies in a variety of use cases. Regrettably, in the race for better predictive performance the overhead of model architectures has grown onerous, leading to models with computational demand infeasible for most practical applications. To bridge the gap between high method complexity and realistic computational resources, we introduce the Residual Cyclic Transformer, ReCycle. ReCycle utilizes primary cycle compression to address the computational complexity of the attention mechanism in long time series. By learning residuals from refined smoothing average techniques, ReCycle surpasses state-of-the-art accuracy in a variety of application use cases. The reliable and explainable fallback behavior ensured by simple, yet robust, smoothing average techniques additionally lowers the barrier for user acceptance. At the same time, our approach reduces the run time and energy consumption by more than an order of magnitude, making both training and inference feasible on low-performance, low-power and edge computing devices. Code is available at https://github.com/Helmholtz-AI-Energy/ReCycle, Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, to be published at IEEE CAI 2024, Associated code available at https://github.com/Helmholtz-AI-Energy/ReCycle
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- 2024
15. An Evolutionary Approach to Motivation and Learning: Differentiating Biologically Primary and Secondary Knowledge
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Kate M. Xu, Sarah Coertjens, Florence Lespiau, Kim Ouwehand, Hanke Korpershoek, Fred Paas, and David C. Geary
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The ubiquity of formal education in modern nations is often accompanied by an assumption that students' motivation for learning is innate and self-sustaining. The latter is true for most children in domains (e.g., language) that are universal and have a deep evolutionary history, but this does not extend to learning in evolutionarily novel domains (e.g., mathematics). Learning in evolutionarily novel domains requires more cognitive effort and thus is less motivating. The current study tested the associated hypothesis that learning will feel easier and more motivating for evolutionarily relevant (e.g., "mother," "food") than evolutionarily novel (e.g., "computer," "gravity") word pairs and that a growth mindset emphasizing the importance of effort in learning might moderate this effect. Specifically, 144 adults were presented with 32 word pairs (half evolutionarily relevant and half evolutionarily novel) and were randomly assigned to a growth mindset or a control condition. Evolutionarily relevant words were better remembered than evolutionarily novel words (d = 0.65), and the learning was reported as more enjoyable (d = 0.49), more interesting (d = 0.38), as well as less difficult (d = - 0.96) and effortful (d = - 0.78). Although the growth mindset intervention fostered a mindset belief, compared to the control condition, it did not lead to improved recall performance or changes in motivational beliefs. These results are consistent with the prediction of higher motivation and better learning of evolutionarily relevant words and concepts than for evolutionarily novel words and concepts. Implications for future research and educational practice are discussed.
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- 2024
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16. Legal Aspects for Software Developers Interested in Generative AI Applications
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Herbold, Steffen, Valerius, Brian, Mojica-Hanke, Anamaria, Lex, Isabella, and Mittel, Joel
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Computer Science - Software Engineering ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Recent successes in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) have led to new technologies capable of generating high-quality code, natural language, and images. The next step is to integrate GenAI technology into products, a task typically conducted by software developers. Such product development always comes with a certain risk of liability. Within this article, we want to shed light on the current state of two such risks: data protection and copyright. Both aspects are crucial for GenAI. This technology deals with data for both model training and generated output. We summarize key aspects regarding our current knowledge that every software developer involved in product development using GenAI should be aware of to avoid critical mistakes that may expose them to liability claims., Comment: Submission under review
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- 2024
17. Lipschitz stability of an inverse conductivity problem with two Cauchy data pairs
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Hanke, Martin
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Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,35R30, 35J25, 65J22 - Abstract
In 1996 Seo proved that two appropriate pairs of current and voltage data measured on the surface of a planar homogeneous object are sufficient to determine a conductive polygonal inclusion with known deviating conductivity. Here we show that the corresponding linearized forward map is injective, and from this we deduce Lipschitz stability of the solution of the original nonlinear inverse problem. We also treat the case of an insulating polygonal inclusion, in which case a single pair of Cauchy data is already sufficient for the same purpose.
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- 2024
18. On the shape derivative of polygonal inclusions in the conductivity problem
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Hanke, Martin
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Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs - Abstract
We consider the conductivity problem for a homogeneous body with an inclusion of a different, but known, conductivity. Our interest concerns the associated shape derivative, i.e., the derivative of the corresponding electrostatic potential with respect to the shape of the inclusion. For a smooth inclusion it is known that the shape derivative is the solution of a specific inhomogeneous transmission problem. We show that this characterization of the shape derivative is also valid when the inclusion is a polygonal domain, but due to singularities at the vertices of the polygon, the shape derivative fails to belong to $H^1$ in this case.
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- 2024
19. Developments and applications of the OPTIMADE API for materials discovery, design, and data exchange
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Evans, Matthew L., Bergsma, Johan, Merkys, Andrius, Andersen, Casper W., Andersson, Oskar B., Beltrán, Daniel, Blokhin, Evgeny, Boland, Tara M., Balderas, Rubén Castañeda, Choudhary, Kamal, Díaz, Alberto Díaz, García, Rodrigo Domínguez, Eckert, Hagen, Eimre, Kristjan, Montero, María Elena Fuentes, Krajewski, Adam M., Mortensen, Jens Jørgen, Duarte, José Manuel Nápoles, Pietryga, Jacob, Qi, Ji, Carrillo, Felipe de Jesús Trejo, Vaitkus, Antanas, Yu, Jusong, Zettel, Adam, de Castro, Pedro Baptista, Carlsson, Johan, Cerqueira, Tiago F. T., Divilov, Simon, Hajiyani, Hamidreza, Hanke, Felix, Jose, Kevin, Oses, Corey, Riebesell, Janosh, Schmidt, Jonathan, Winston, Donald, Xie, Christen, Yang, Xiaoyu, Bonella, Sara, Botti, Silvana, Curtarolo, Stefano, Draxl, Claudia, Cobas, Luis Edmundo Fuentes, Hospital, Adam, Liu, Zi-Kui, Marques, Miguel A. L., Marzari, Nicola, Morris, Andrew J., Ong, Shyue Ping, Orozco, Modesto, Persson, Kristin A., Thygesen, Kristian S., Wolverton, Chris, Scheidgen, Markus, Toher, Cormac, Conduit, Gareth J., Pizzi, Giovanni, Gražulis, Saulius, Rignanese, Gian-Marco, and Armiento, Rickard
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) application programming interface (API) empowers users with holistic access to a growing federation of databases, enhancing the accessibility and discoverability of materials and chemical data. Since the first release of the OPTIMADE specification (v1.0), the API has undergone significant development, leading to the upcoming v1.2 release, and has underpinned multiple scientific studies. In this work, we highlight the latest features of the API format, accompanying software tools, and provide an update on the implementation of OPTIMADE in contributing materials databases. We end by providing several use cases that demonstrate the utility of the OPTIMADE API in materials research that continue to drive its ongoing development.
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- 2024
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20. Nitrogen-doped amorphous monolayer carbon
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Bai, Xiuhui, Hu, Pengfei, Li, Ang, Zhang, Youwei, Li, Aowen, Zhang, Guangjie, Xue, Yufeng, Jiang, Tianxing, Wang, Zezhou, Cui, Hanke, Kang, Jianxin, Zhao, Hewei, Gu, Lin, Zhou, Wu, Liu, Li-Min, Qiu, Xiaohui, and Guo, Lin
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- 2024
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21. „Chirurgische Weitsicht: jenseits der Routine“: Die Herausforderung komplexer viszeralchirurgischer Notfälle bei Nachwuchsfach- und Oberärzt_innen
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Vernyk, Anton, Scherwitz, Pascal Joachim, and Hanke, Nora
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- 2024
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22. Variables related to soil fertility in successional agroforestry systems: Serras do Sudeste, RS, Brazil
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Hanke, Daniel, da Silva Nascimento, Shirley Grazieli, Dick, Deborah Pinheiro, Vieira, Renan Costa Beber, and Deble, Leonardo Paz
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- 2024
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23. Therapy aspects of peri-implant femoral fractures—a retrospective analysis of 64 patients
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Wulbrand, Christian, Müller, Franz, Füchtmeier, Bernd, and Hanke, Alexander
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- 2024
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24. Hypermultiplexed Integrated Tensor Optical Processor
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Ou, Shaoyuan, Sludds, Alexander, Hamerly, Ryan, Zhang, Ke, Feng, Hanke, Zhong, Eric, Wang, Cheng, Englund, Dirk, Yu, Mengjie, and Chen, Zaijun
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Computer Science - Emerging Technologies ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
The escalating data volume and complexity resulting from the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT) and 5G/6G mobile networks is creating an urgent need for energy-efficient, scalable computing hardware. Here we demonstrate a hypermultiplexed integrated tensor optical processor (HITOP) that performs trillions of operations per second (TeraOPS) at the energy cost of 25 femtojoule per operation (25 fJ/OP). Based on space-time-wavelength three-dimensional (3D) data streaming, HITOP is built with arrays of wafer-fabricated III/V-based micron-scale lasers (spanning ~1 THz) incorporating thin-film Lithium-Niobate electro-optic (EO) photonics. Multidimensional parallelism allows matrix-matrix multiplications ($N^{3}$ operations) using $O(N)$ devices, facilitating scalable on-chip integration. With each device activating 10 billion parameters per second, the HITOP scalability is validated in machine learning models with 405,000 parameters, which is 25,000 times more than previous integrated optical systems. A combination of high clockrates (10 GS/s), parallel processing and real-time reprogrammability unlocks the full potential of light for next-generation AI accelerators in applications ranging from training with trillions of parameters, real-time decision making in autonomous vehicles and robotics, dynamic optimization in smart manufacturing, to complex simulation for climate modeling and drug discovery.
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- 2024
25. Machine Learning in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis -- Part I: A Knowledge-Integrated Framework
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Chen, Xia, Rex, Alexander, Woelke, Janis, Eckert, Christoph, Bensmann, Boris, Hanke-Rauschenbach, Richard, and Geyer, Philipp
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science ,68U01 ,H.1 ,J.2 ,J.6 - Abstract
In this study, we propose to adopt a novel framework, Knowledge-integrated Machine Learning, for advancing Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) development. Given the significance of PEMWE in green hydrogen production and the inherent challenges in optimizing its performance, our framework aims to meld data-driven models with domain-specific insights systematically to address the domain challenges. We first identify the uncertainties originating from data acquisition conditions, data-driven model mechanisms, and domain expertise, highlighting their complementary characteristics in carrying information from different perspectives. Building upon this foundation, we showcase how to adeptly decompose knowledge and extract unique information to contribute to the data augmentation, modeling process, and knowledge discovery. We demonstrate a hierarchical three-level framework, termed the "Ladder of Knowledge-integrated Machine Learning", in the PEMWE context, applying it to three case studies within a context of cell degradation analysis to affirm its efficacy in interpolation, extrapolation, and information representation. This research lays the groundwork for more knowledge-informed enhancements in ML applications in engineering., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
26. Spectral engineering of optical microresonators in anisotropic lithium niobate crystal
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Zhang, Ke, Chen, Yikun, Sun, Wenzhao, Chen, Zhaoxi, Feng, Hanke, and Wang, Cheng
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Physics - Optics ,35Q61 ,B.7.1 - Abstract
On-chip optical microresonators are essential building blocks in integrated optics. The ability to arbitrarily engineer their resonant frequencies is crucial for exploring novel physics in synthetic frequency dimensions and practical applications like nonlinear optical parametric processes and dispersion-engineered frequency comb generation. Photonic crystal ring (PhCR) resonators are a versatile tool for such arbitrary frequency engineering, by controllably creating mode splitting at selected resonances. To date, these PhCRs have mostly been demonstrated in isotropic photonic materials, while such engineering could be significantly more complicated in anisotropic platforms that often offer more fruitful optical properties. Here, we realize the spectral engineering of chip-scale optical microresonators in the anisotropic lithium niobate (LN) crystal by a gradient design that precisely compensates for variations in both refractive index and perturbation strength. We experimentally demonstrate controllable frequency splitting at single and multiple selected resonances in LN PhCR resonators with different sizes, while maintaining high Q-factors up to 1 million. Moreover, we experimentally construct a sharp boundary in the synthetic frequency dimension based on an actively modulated x-cut LN gradient-PhCR, opening up new paths toward the arbitrary control of electro-optic comb spectral shapes and exploration of novel physics in the frequency degree of freedom., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures
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- 2024
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27. Connectedness in fair division of circle and star cakes between two agents with unequal entitlements
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Hanke, Josef, Heggison, Alyssa, and Pires, Ana Rita
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Mathematics - Combinatorics ,Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory - Abstract
Austin's moving knife procedure is used to divide a cake equitably between two agents: each agent believes that they received exactly half of the cake. This short note deals with the case when the two agents have unequal (rational) entitlements to the cake and seek a weighted equitable division -- one where each agent believes that they received exactly the share that they are entitled to -- and also minimizes the number of connected components that each agent receives. First, we adapt Austin's moving knife procedure to produce a weighted equitable division of a circular cake that gives exactly one connected piece to each agent (recovering a result of Shishido and Zeng's). Next, we use it to produce a weighted equitable division of a star graph cake that gives at most two connected pieces to each agent -- and show that this bound on the number of connected pieces is tight.
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- 2023
28. Integrated lithium niobate photonic millimeter-wave radar
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Zhu, Sha, Zhang, Yiwen, Feng, Jiaxue, Wang, Yongji, Zhai, Kunpeng, Feng, Hanke, Pun, Edwin Yue Bun, Zhu, Ning Hua, and Wang, Cheng
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Physics - Optics ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Millimeter-wave (mmWave,>30 GHz) radars are the key enabler in the coming 6G era for high-resolution sensing and detection of targets. Photonic radar provides an effective approach to overcome the limitations of electronic radars thanks to the high frequency, broad bandwidth, and excellent reconfigurability of photonic systems. However, conventional photonic radars are mostly realized in tabletop systems composed of bulky discrete components, whereas the more compact integrated photonic radars are difficult to reach the mmWave bands due to the unsatisfactory bandwidths and signal integrity of the underlining electro-optic modulators. Here, we overcome these challenges and demonstrate a centimeter-resolution integrated photonic radar operating in the mmWave V band (40-50 GHz) based on a 4-inch wafer-scale thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) technology. The fabricated TFLN mmWave photonic integrated circuit consists of a first electro-optic modulator capable of generating a broadband linear frequency modulated mmWave radar waveform through optical frequency multiplication of a low-frequency input signal, and a second electro-optic modulator responsible for frequency de-chirp of the received reflected echo wave, therefore greatly relieving the bandwidth requirements for the analog-to-digital converter in the receiver. Thanks to the absence of optical and electrical filters in the system, our integrated photonic mmWave radar features continuous on-demand tunability of the center frequency and bandwidth, currently only limited by the bandwidths of electrical amplifiers. We achieve multi-target ranging with a resolution of 1.50 cm and velocity measurement with a resolution of 0.067 m/s. Furthermore, we construct an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) and successfully demonstrate the imaging of targets with various shapes and postures with a two-dimensional resolution of 1.50 cm * 1.06 cm.
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- 2023
29. Surface acoustic wave stimulated Brillouin scattering in thin-film lithium niobate waveguides
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Ye, Kaixuan, Feng, Hanke, Klaver, Yvan, Keloth, Akshay, Mishra, Akhileshwar, Wang, Cheng, and Marpaung, David
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Physics - Optics - Abstract
We report the first-ever experimental observation of backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) waveguides. The peak Brillouin gain coefficient of the z-cut LN waveguide with a crystal rotation angle of 20$^{\circ}$ is as high as 84.9m$^{-1}$W$^{-1}$, facilitated by surface acoustic waves (SAW) at 8.06GHz.
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- 2023
30. Experts’ intuitive mathematical discourses about integration in complex analysis
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Hanke, Erik
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- 2024
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31. Effects of endurance training on thyroid response in pre- and postmenopausal women
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Hanke, L., Hofmann, K., Krüger, A. L., Hoewekamp, L., Wellberich, J. M., Koper, B., and Diel, P.
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- 2024
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32. Advanced simulation for thermal stress assessment
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Zani, Andrea, Reyes, Jamie, Hanke, Jacob, Zangiacomi, Giacomo, and Lori, Guido
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- 2024
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33. Cost and competitiveness of green hydrogen and the effects of the European Union regulatory framework
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Brandt, Jonathan, Iversen, Thore, Eckert, Christoph, Peterssen, Florian, Bensmann, Boris, Bensmann, Astrid, Beer, Michael, Weyer, Hartmut, and Hanke-Rauschenbach, Richard
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- 2024
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34. Burden evaluation and prediction of osteoarthritis and site-specific osteoarthritis coupled with attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2030
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Hao, Zhuowen, Wang, Ying, Wang, Linlong, Feng, Qinyu, Li, Hanke, Chen, Tianhong, Chen, Jiayao, Wang, Junwu, Shi, Guang, Chen, Renxin, Li, Beihai, Zhou, Shuanhu, Jin, Wei, and Li, Jingfeng
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- 2024
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35. Teaching Research Data Management with DataLad: A Multi-year, Multi-domain Effort
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Szczepanik, Michał, Wagner, Adina S., Heunis, Stephan, Waite, Laura K., Eickhoff, Simon B., and Hanke, Michael
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- 2024
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36. PopBERT. Detecting populism and its host ideologies in the German Bundestag
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Erhard, L., Hanke, S., Remer, U., Falenska, A., and Heiberger, R.
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
The rise of populism concerns many political scientists and practitioners, yet the detection of its underlying language remains fragmentary. This paper aims to provide a reliable, valid, and scalable approach to measure populist stances. For that purpose, we created an annotated dataset based on parliamentary speeches of the German Bundestag (2013 to 2021). Following the ideational definition of populism, we label moralizing references to the virtuous people or the corrupt elite as core dimensions of populist language. To identify, in addition, how the thin ideology of populism is thickened, we annotate how populist statements are attached to left-wing or right-wing host ideologies. We then train a transformer-based model (PopBERT) as a multilabel classifier to detect and quantify each dimension. A battery of validation checks reveals that the model has a strong predictive accuracy, provides high qualitative face validity, matches party rankings of expert surveys, and detects out-of-sample text snippets correctly. PopBERT enables dynamic analyses of how German-speaking politicians and parties use populist language as a strategic device. Furthermore, the annotator-level data may also be applied in cross-domain applications or to develop related classifiers.
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- 2023
37. K-cowaist of manifolds with boundary
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Baer, Christian and Hanke, Bernhard
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Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,53C21, 53C23, Secondary: 53C27, 58J20 - Abstract
We extend the K-cowaist inequality to generalized Dirac operators in the sense of Gromov and Lawson and study applications to manifolds with boundary., Comment: 6 pages
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- 2023
38. On Using Information Retrieval to Recommend Machine Learning Good Practices for Software Engineers
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Cabra-Acela, Laura, Mojica-Hanke, Anamaria, Linares-Vásquez, Mario, and Herbold, Steffen
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Computer Science - Software Engineering - Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is nowadays widely used for different purposes and in several disciplines. From self-driving cars to automated medical diagnosis, machine learning models extensively support users' daily activities, and software engineering tasks are no exception. Not embracing good ML practices may lead to pitfalls that hinder the performance of an ML system and potentially lead to unexpected results. Despite the existence of documentation and literature about ML best practices, many non-ML experts turn towards gray literature like blogs and Q&A systems when looking for help and guidance when implementing ML systems. To better aid users in distilling relevant knowledge from such sources, we propose a recommender system that recommends ML practices based on the user's context. As a first step in creating a recommender system for machine learning practices, we implemented Idaka. A tool that provides two different approaches for retrieving/generating ML best practices: i) an information retrieval (IR) engine and ii) a large language model. The IR-engine uses BM25 as the algorithm for retrieving the practices, and a large language model, in our case Alpaca. The platform has been designed to allow comparative studies of best practices retrieval tools. Idaka is publicly available at GitHub: https://bit.ly/idaka. Video: https://youtu.be/cEb-AhIPxnM., Comment: Accepted for Publication at ESEC/FSE demonstrations track
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- 2023
39. On the cohomology of GL_2 and SL_2 over imaginary quadratic fields
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Gangl, Herbert, Gunnells, Paul E., Hanke, Jonathan, and Yasaki, Dan
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Mathematics - Number Theory ,Mathematics - Rings and Algebras ,11F75, 20J06, 11Y99 - Abstract
We report on computations of the cohomology of GL_2(O_D) and SL_2(O_D), where D<0 is a fundamental discriminant. These computations go well beyond earlier results of Vogtmann and Scheutzow. We use the technique of homology of Voronoi complexes, and our computations recover the integral cohomology away from the primes 2, 3. We observed exponential growth in the torsion subgroup of H^2 as $D$ increases, and compared our data to bounds of Rohlfs.
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- 2023
40. Stochastic modeling of stationary scalar Gaussian processes in continuous time from autocorrelation data
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Hanke, Martin
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- 2024
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41. A survey of essential anatomy from the perspective of anesthesiology, emergency medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and orthopedics resident physicians
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Derek J. Harmon, Mark H. Hankin, James R. Martindale, Iuliana Niculescu, Adrienne Aschmetat, Rachel E. Hanke, Andrew S. Koo, Shannon R. Carpenter, Pamela E. Emmanuel, Catherine M. Pokropek, and Ksenia Koltun
- Subjects
Medical education ,Undergraduate medical education ,Graduate medical education ,Medical curriculum ,Curriculum development ,Anatomy education ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Recent changes in anatomy curricula in undergraduate medical education (UME), including pedagogical changes and reduced time, pose challenges for foundational learning. Consequently, it is important to ask clinicians what anatomical content is important for their clinical specialty, which when taken collectively, can inform curricular development. Methods This study surveyed 55 non-primary care residents in anesthesiology (AN; N = 6), emergency medicine (EM; N = 15), obstetrics and gynecology (OB; N = 13), and orthopedics (OR; N = 21) to assess the importance of 907 anatomical structures across all anatomical regions. Survey ratings by participants were converted into a post-hoc classification system to provide end-users of this data with an intuitive and useful classification system for categorizing individual anatomical structures (i.e., essential, more important, less important, not important). Results Significant variability was observed in the classifications of essential anatomy: 29.1% of all structures were considered essential by OB residents, 37.6% for AN residents, 41.6% for EM residents, and 72.0% for OR residents. Significant differences (with large effect sizes) were also observed between residency groups: OR residents rated anatomy of the back, limbs, and pelvis and perineum anatomy common to both sexes significantly higher, whereas OB residents rated the pelvis and perineum anatomy common to both sexes and anatomy for individuals assigned female at birth highest. Agreement in classifications of importance among residents was observed for selected anatomical structures in the thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineum (assigned male at birth-specific anatomy), and head and neck. As with the ratings of anatomical structures, OR residents had the highest classification across all nine tissue types (p
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- 2024
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42. Unveiling the hidden world: How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its regulated core fungi modify the composition and metabolism of soybean rhizosphere microbiome
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Minkai Yang, Yuhang Song, Hanke Ma, Zhenghua Li, Jiawei Ding, Tongming Yin, Kechang Niu, Shucun Sun, Jinliang Qi, Guihua Lu, Aliya Fazal, Yonghua Yang, and Zhongling Wen
- Subjects
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ,Pathogenic fungus ,Phosphorus-solubilizing fungus ,Root-associated microbiome ,Aluminum-sensitive soybean ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background The symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants often stimulates plant growth, increases agricultural yield, reduces costs, thereby providing significant economic benefits. AMF can also benefit plants through affecting the rhizosphere microbial community, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using Rhizophagus intraradices as a model AMF species, we assessed how AMF influences the bacterial composition and functional diversity through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics analysis in the rhizosphere of aluminum-sensitive soybean that were inoculated with pathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae and phosphorus-solubilizing fungus Talaromyces verruculosus in an acidic soil. Results The inoculation of R. intraradices, N. oryzae and T. verruculosus didn’t have a significant influence on the levels of soil C, N, and P, or various plant characteristics such as seed weight, crude fat and protein content. However, their inoculation affected the structure, function and nutrient dynamics of the resident bacterial community. The co-inoculation of T. verruculosus and R. intraradices increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas psychrotolerans, which was capable of N-fixing and was related to cry-for-help theory (plants signal for beneficial microbes when under stress), within the rhizosphere. R. intraradices increased the expression of metabolic pathways associated with the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, which was known to enhance plant resistance under adverse environmental conditions. The inoculation of N. oryzae stimulated the stress response inside the soil environment by enriching the polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic-producing bacterial genus Streptomyces in the root endosphere and upregulating two antibacterial activity metabolic pathways associated with steroid biosynthesis pathways in the rhizosphere. Although inoculation of pathogenic fungus N. oryzae enriched Bradyrhizobium and increased soil urease activity, it had no significant effects on biomass and N content of soybean. Lastly, the host niches exhibited differences in the composition of the bacterial community, with most N-fixing bacteria accumulating in the endosphere and Rhizobium vallis only detected in the endosphere. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that intricate interactions between AMF, associated core fungi, and the soybean root-associated ecological niches co-mediate the regulation of soybean growth, the dynamics of rhizosphere soil nutrients, and the composition, function, and metabolisms of the root-associated microbiome in an acidic soil.
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- 2024
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43. Effects of multistrain Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus probiotics on HMO compositions after supplementation to pregnant women at threatening preterm delivery: design of the randomized clinical PROMO trial
- Author
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A. Welp, E. Laser, K. Seeger, A. Haiß, K. Hanke, K. Faust, G. Stichtenoth, C. Fortmann-Grote, J. Pagel, J. Rupp, W. Göpel, M. Gembicki, JL. Scharf, A. Rody, E. Herting, C. Härtel, and I. Fortmann
- Subjects
Probiotics ,Microbiome ,Preterm birth ,Human milk oligosaccharides ,Bifidobacteria ,Entero-mammary pathway ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background As an indigestible component of human breast milk, Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an important role as a substrate for the establishing microbiome of the newborn. They have further been shown to have beneficial effects on the immune system, lung and brain development. For preterm infants HMO composition of human breast milk may be of particular relevance since the establishment of a healthy microbiome is challenged by multiple disruptive factors associated with preterm birth, such as cesarean section, hospital environment and perinatal antibiotic exposure. In a previous study it has been proposed that maternal probiotic supplementation during late stages of pregnancy may change the HMO composition in human milk. However, there is currently no study on pregnancies which are threatened to preterm birth. Furthermore, HMO composition has not been investigated in association with clinically relevant outcomes of vulnerable infants including inflammation-mediated diseases such as sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or chronic lung disease. Main body A randomized controlled intervention study (PROMO = probiotics for human milk oligosaccharides) has been designed to analyze changes in HMO composition of human breast milk after supplementation of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium infantis) in pregnancies at risk for preterm birth. The primary endpoint is HMO composition of 3-fucosyllactose and 3’-sialyllactose in expressed breast milk. We estimate that probiotic intervention will increase these two HMO levels by 50% according to the standardized mean difference between treatment and control groups. As secondary outcomes we will measure preterm infants’ clinical outcomes (preterm birth, sepsis, weight gain growth, gastrointestinal complications) and effects on microbiome composition in the rectovaginal tract of mothers at delivery and in the gut of term and preterm infants by sequencing at high genomic resolution. Therefore, we will longitudinally collect bio samples in the first 4 weeks after birth as well as in follow-up investigations at 3 months, one year, and five years of age. Conclusions We estimate that probiotic intervention will increase these two HMO levels by 50% according to the standardized mean difference between treatment and control groups. The PROMO study will gain insight into the microbiome-HMO interaction at the fetomaternal interface and its consequences for duration of pregnancy and outcome of infants.
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- 2024
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44. Teacher Education Effectiveness as an Emerging Research Paradigm: A Synthesis of Reviews of Empirical Studies Published over Three Decades (1993-2023)
- Author
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Johannes König, Sandra Heine, Charlotte Kramer, Jonas Weyers, Michael Becker-Mrotzek, Jörg Großschedl, Charlotte Hanisch, Petra Hanke, Thomas Hennemann, Jörg Jost, Kai Kaspar, Benjamin Rott, and Sarah Strauß
- Abstract
Numerous reviews have synthesized the empirical research on the effectiveness of teacher education, highlighting teacher education effectiveness research (TEER) as an emerging research paradigm. Our systematic search identified 27 reviews related to TEER, wherein teacher education is broadly understood as comprising all stages of teacher professionalization--namely, initial teacher education, teacher induction, and teacher professional development. In reviewing these reviews, we carry out a synthesis of existing research on TEER. Guided by four research questions (RQ), we focused major frameworks (RQ1), outcome measures (RQ2), processes (RQ3), and central research gaps (RQ4). Highlights: Only few reviews provide a background or macro framing, whereas most reviews apply TEER for examining a specific topic (RQ1); outcome measures often relate to the notion of teacher competence, making increased competence the true outcome of TEER (RQ2); coursework is the most dominant category of characteristics-forming processes (RQ3); the frameworks underlying the outcome measures appear to be an object of criticism on a theoretical but even more on a methodological level. Building on these findings, we suggest a processes-and-criteria classification (PCC) grounded in basic distinctions of the various studies synthesized by the reviews. We discuss perspectives on how this classification may provide an orientation for future TEER studies.
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- 2024
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45. ChatGPT and the Course Vulnerability Index
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Nodir Adilov, Jeffrey W. Cline, Hui Hanke, Kent Kauffman, Lisa Meneau, Elva Resendez, Shubham Singh, Mike Slaubaugh, and Nichaya Suntornpithug
- Abstract
This article develops an index to measure the level of susceptibility of courses to cheating using ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer), an advanced text-based artificial intelligence (AI) language model. It demonstrates the application of the index to a sample of business courses in a mid-sized university. The study finds that the vulnerability index varies across disciplines and teaching modalities. As advanced language models become more common in academic settings and create new educational challenges, the study provides an intuitive and practical mechanism for instructors and academic units to measure and assess the vulnerability of their courses to various language-based predictive models.
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- 2024
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46. Dutch Secondary School Counselors' and Tutors' Views on How Students Should Make Study Profile Choices
- Author
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Inge JM Wichgers, Hanke Korpershoek, Matthijs J Warrens, Monique A Dijks, and Roel J Bosker
- Abstract
Student counselors and tutors guide students' choices of study profiles (subjects) within Dutch secondary education. This study addressed three research questions: (1) According to counselors and tutors, what factors should inform students' study profile choices? (2) Into what types can the views of counselors and tutors be classified? (3) According to counselors and tutors, which factors should secondary school students consider when choosing their study profiles in a forced-choice situation? Interviews held with 70 tutors and counselors identified students' interests, abilities, and future-oriented considerations as most important (RQ1). Six types of views were identified in which one, two, or all of the above-mentioned factors were regarded the most important by the participants (RQ2). Responses to the forced-choice situations largely confirmed different perspectives on the factors: the majority of participants perceived students' interests very important (RQ3).
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- 2024
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47. Overt and Null Subjects in Bulgarian: Comparing Monolingual Adults and Children to Child Heritage Speakers in Germany in Their Use of Bulgarian
- Author
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Dobrinka Genevska-Hanke and Cornelia Hamann
- Abstract
This study investigates the use of overt and null subjects in Bulgarian in child heritage speakers with L2 German. The alternation of overt and null pronominal subjects in null-subject languages like Bulgarian depends on grammatical and discourse conditions and contrasts with German. Oral narratives were elicited in Bulgarian, comparing the performance of the heritage children to that of monolingual children and adults. Overall 68 Bulgarian narratives of 39 speakers were analysed as to the use of overt and null pronominal subjects in topic-continuity and topic-shift contexts. The results reveal similar subject realisation for all speakers, supporting early acquisition of null-subject grammars. Analyses of topic-continuity and -shift contexts showed similar overall patterns in children's and adults' subject use, with children producing somewhat more overt subjects in topic-continuity and ambiguous overt pronouns in topic-shift contexts than adults. However, the bilinguals used significantly more ambiguous null subjects than monolinguals. These results suggest that fine-grained discourse constraints of null-subject grammars are more difficult for bilinguals to acquire and maintain. The near adult-like performance of the bilinguals in some contexts can be attributed to the fact that most of them were Bulgarian-dominant and received non-attrited parental input. Differences are also attributable to cross-linguistic influence.
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- 2024
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48. On Three-Term Linear Relations for Theta Series of Positive-Definite Binary Quadratic Forms
- Author
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Saha, Rahul and Hanke, Jonathan
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11F27 (Primary) 11E16, 11Y50, 11Y99 (Secondary) - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate three-term linear relations among theta series of positive-definite integral binary quadratic forms. We extend Schiemann's methods to characterize all possible three-term linear relations among theta series of such forms, providing necessary and sufficient conditions for such relations to exist. To accomplish this, we develop, implement, and execute a novel extended refinement algorithm on polyhedral cones. We show that there is exactly one non-trivial three-term linear relation: it involves quadratic forms with discriminants $-3, -12, -48$, all in the same rational squareclass $-3(\mathbb{Q}^\times)^2$., Comment: 30 pages
- Published
- 2023
49. Integrated lithium niobate microwave photonic processing engine
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Feng, Hanke, Ge, Tong, Guo, Xiaoqing, Wang, Benshan, Zhang, Yiwen, Chen, Zhaoxi, Zhu, Sha, Zhang, Ke, Sun, Wenzhao, Huang, Chaoran, Yuan, Yixuan, and Wang, Cheng
- Subjects
Physics - Optics ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Integrated microwave photonics is an intriguing field that leverages integrated photonic technologies for the generation, transmission, and manipulation of microwave signals in chip-scale optical systems. In particular, ultrafast processing and computation of analog electronic signals in the optical domain with high fidelity and low latency could enable a variety of applications such as MWP filters, microwave signal processing, and image recognition. An ideal photonic platform for achieving these integrated MWP processing tasks shall simultaneously offer an efficient, linear and high-speed electro-optic modulation block to faithfully perform microwave-optic conversion at low power, and a low-loss functional photonic network that can be configured for a variety of signal processing tasks, as well as large-scale, low-cost manufacturability to monolithically integrate the two building blocks on the same chip. In this work, we demonstrate such an integrated MWP processing engine based on a thin-film lithium niobate platform capable of performing multi-purpose processing and computation tasks of analog signals up to 92 giga samples per second at CMOS-compatible voltages. We demonstrate high-speed analog computation, i.e., first- and second-order temporal integration and differentiation with computing accuracies up to 98.1 %, and deploy these functions to showcase three proof-of-concept applications, namely, ordinary differential equation solving, ultra-wideband signal generation and high-speed edge detection of images. We further leverage the image edge detector to enable a photonic-assisted image segmentation model that could effectively outline the boundaries of melanoma lesion in medical diagnostic images, achieving orders of magnitude faster processing speed and lower power consumption than conventional electronic processors.
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- 2023
50. Scalar curvature rigidity of warped product metrics
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Baer, Christian, Brendle, Simon, Hanke, Bernhard, and Wang, Yipeng
- Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,53C20, 53C21, 53C27 - Abstract
We show scalar-mean curvature rigidity of warped products of round spheres of dimension at least 2 over compact intervals equipped with strictly log-concave warping functions. This generalizes earlier results of Cecchini-Zeidler to all dimensions. Moreover, we show scalar curvature rigidity of round spheres of dimension at least 3 with two antipodal points removed. This resolves a problem in Gromov's ''Four Lectures'' in all dimensions. Our arguments are based on spin geometry., Comment: published version
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- 2023
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