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Aims: This study aims to evaluate the periodontal status and its changes among Japanese older adults over a 10‐year period. Methods and results: A total of 206 dentate older adults aged 70 years who completely participated in 10 years of oral examination were included. The community periodontal index (CPI) was used to assess the gingival and periodontal pocket status, while the loss of attachment (LA) scoring system was used to report the extensive LA. A higher score in CPI (Code 3 and Code 4) and more extensive attachment loss were found in a majority of participants. During follow‐up evaluation, mean number of sextants with CPI code 4 remained stable, while CPI code 3 significantly decreased particularly in male participants. Whereas, sextants without attachment loss significantly decreased on average. The mean number of missing sextants significantly increased from 1.1 to 1.9, and 5.8% of subjects had all sextants excluded in the follow‐up. Conclusion: This study indicated that majority of the older people experienced severe periodontal disease and this condition remained stable during 10‐year period. Additionally, the incidence of tooth loss increased as individuals aged. Regular oral care and maintenance are highly recommended for older population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Currently, there have been several literature reviews on oral exercise with elderly samples, but there have been no reviews on oral exercises based on the types and effects of oral exercise improving oral function. Therefore, it is necessary to map the possibilities of prominent oral exercises which most effectively affecting the oral functions from previous studies by scoping review. This scoping review aimed to map available evidence on the types and effects of oral exercise in improving oral function among the elderly population. Methods and Materials: The research on types and effects of oral exercise among the elderly was comprehensively searched through the Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This scoping review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews. The inclusion criteria of this review were articles published in 2008-2021, with elderly subjects more than ≥60 years, articles describing types and effects of oral exercise, original articles, research articles or research papers, and articles with interventional studies, including randomized control trials and quasiexperimental study type. Results: The types of oral exercises were tongue exercise, masticatory muscle exercise, swallowing exercise, salivary gland massage, verbal, facial muscle exercise, lip stretching, cheek stretching, facial muscle exercise, and neck stretching. Meanwhile, the effects of oral exercise which improved oral functions were swallowing ability, masticatory ability, oral diadochokinesis, oral moisture degree, cheek expanding ability, lip-tongue motor function, increased salivary secretion, and decreased subjective oral dryness. Fifteen articles were obtained for this study, and 13 of them showed the effectiveness of tongue exercise in improving oral function. Conclusions: Oral exercises are effective to improve oral function, mostly as a way to increase the swallowing ability in the elderly. In addition, it was also revealed that the most effective type of exercise is tongue exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Schizophrenia is a psychotic mental disorder that affects the activities of daily life, one of which is oral hygiene.These symptoms affect the ability of schizophrenic patients to clean their teeth and mouth, thus manifesting into the oral cavity. Teeth that are not cleaned give rise to plaque and its severity can be assessed by plaque index. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of education and training teeth brushing on the knowledge, attitudes, and index of plaque. Materials and Method: Quasi-experimental was conducted among schizophrenic (n= 104), with experimental group (n=52), and control group (n=52). The questionnaire distributed to 104 outpatients, to know the patient’s level of knowledge and attitudes toward oral health, measurement of plaque index using TQHI (Turesky Modification of The Quigley-Hein Index). Education and training of teeth brushing are given to the experimental group with one-week intervals. Results: Mann Whitney U test on the experimental-control group showed significant results with p <0.05. Increased knowledge and attitudes are also showed by experimental groups with p <0.05. The results showed there was a decrease in the plaque index in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Dental education is needed to improve the oral health of schizophrenic patients. In the future, it is expected that there will be an education and training program for scheduled toothbrushing outpatients for schizophrenia to improve oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]