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Abstract The intersection of nanotechnology and pharmacology has revolutionized the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, notably docetaxel, a key drug in cancer treatment. Traditionally limited by poor solubility and significant side effects, docetaxel’s therapeutic potential has been significantly enhanced through its incorporation into nanoplatforms, such as nanofibers and nanoparticles. This advancement offers targeted delivery, controlled release, and improved bioavailability, dramatically reducing systemic toxicity and enhancing patient outcomes. Nanofibers provide a versatile scaffold for the controlled release of docetaxel, utilizing techniques like electrospinning to tailor drug release profiles. Nanoparticles, on the other hand, enable precise drug delivery to tumor cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues through sophisticated encapsulation methods such as nanoprecipitation and emulsion. These nanotechnologies not only improve the pharmacokinetic properties of docetaxel but also open new avenues in regenerative medicine by facilitating targeted therapy and cellular regeneration. This narrative review highlights the transformative impact of docetaxel-loaded nanoplatforms in oncology and beyond, showcasing the potential of nanotechnology to overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy and pave the way for future innovations in drug delivery and regenerative therapies. Through these advancements, nanotechnology promises a new era of precision medicine, enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatments while minimizing adverse effects. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Bone metastasis is considered as a considerable challenge for breast cancer patients. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to examine this occurrence. In vitro models are employed to simulate the intricate tumor microenvironment, investigate the interplay between cells and their adjacent microenvironment, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for tumors. The endeavor to replicate the latency period of bone metastasis in animal models has presented a challenge, primarily due to the necessity of primary tumor removal and the presence of multiple potential metastatic sites. The utilization of novel bone metastasis models, including three-dimensional (3D) models, has been proposed as a promising approach to overcome the constraints associated with conventional 2D and animal models. However, existing 3D models are limited by various factors, such as irregular cellular proliferation, autofluorescence, and changes in genetic and epigenetic expression. The imperative for the advancement of future applications of 3D models lies in their standardization and automation. The utilization of artificial intelligence exhibits the capability to predict cellular behavior through the examination of substrate materials' chemical composition, geometry, and mechanical performance. The implementation of these algorithms possesses the capability to predict the progression and proliferation of cancer. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of bone metastasis following primary breast cancer. Current models of breast cancer bone metastasis, along with their challenges, as well as the future perspectives of using these models for translational drug development, were discussed.

Abstract Osteoporosis is a bone condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD), poor bone microarchitecture/mineralization, and/or diminished bone strength. This asymptomatic disorder typically goes untreated until it presents as a low-trauma fracture of the hip, spine, proximal humerus, pelvis, and/or wrist, requiring surgery. Utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) may be accomplished in a number of ways, one of which is by the use of very tiny RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Several kinds of antagomirs and siRNAs are now being developed to prevent the detrimental effects of miRNAs. The goal of this study is to find new antagonists for miRNAs and siRNAs that target multiple genes in order to reduce osteoporosis and promote bone repair. Also, choosing the optimum nanocarriers to deliver these RNAis appropriately to the body could lighten up the research road. In this context, we employed gene ontology analysis to search across multiple datasets. Following data analysis, a systems biology approach was used to process it. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to explore the possibility of incorporating the suggested siRNAs and miRNA antagonists into polymeric bioresponsive nanocarriers for delivery purposes. Among the three nanocarriers tested [polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylenimine (PEI), and PEG-PEI copolymer], MD simulations show that the integration of PEG-PEI with has-mIR-146a-5p is the most stable (total energy = -372.84 kJ/mol, Gyration radius = 2.1084 nm), whereas PEI is an appropriate delivery carrier for has-mIR-7155. The findings of the systems biology and MD simulations indicate that the proposed RNAis might be given through bioresponsive nanocarriers to accelerate bone repair and osteoporosis treatment.

The ultimate goal of regenerative medicine is to repair, regenerate, or reconstruct functional loss in failed tissues and/or organs. Although regenerative medicine is a relatively new field, multiple diverse research groups are helping regenerative medicine reach its objectives. All endeavors in this field go through in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials which are prerequisites to translating such approaches from the bench to the bedside. However, despite such promise, there are only a few regenerative medicine approaches that have actually entered commercialization due to extensive demands for the inclusion of multiple rules, principles, and finances, to reach the market. This review covers the commercialization of regenerative medicine, including its progress (or lack thereof), processes, regulatory concerns, and immunological considerations to name just a few key areas. Also, commercially available engineered tissues, including allografts, synthetic substitutes, and 3D bioprinting inks, along with commercially available cell and gene therapeutic products, are reviewed. Clinical applications and future perspectives are stated with a clear road map for improving the regenerative medicine field.