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The handshake is the most acceptable gesture of greeting in many cultures throughout many centuries. To date, robotic arms are not capable of fully replicating this typical human gesture. Using multiple sensors that detect contact forces and displacements, we characterized the movements that occurred during handshakes. A typical human-to- human handshake took around 3.63 s (SD = 0.45 s) to perform. It can be divided into three phases: reaching (M = 0.92 s, SD = 0.45 s), contact (M = 1.96 s, SD = 0.46 s), and return (M = 0.75 s, SD = 0.12 s). The handshake was further investigated to understand its subtle movements. Using a multiphase jerk minimization model, a smooth human-to- human handshake can be modelled with fifth or fourth degree polynomials at the reaching and return phases, and a sinusoidal function with exponential decay at the contact phase. We show that the contact phase (1.96 s) can be further divided according to the following subphases: preshake (0.06 s), main shake (1.31 s), postshake (0.06 s), and a period of no movement (0.52 s) just before both hands are retracted. We compared these to the existing handshake models that were proposed for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). From our findings in human-to-human handshakes, we proposed guidelines for a more natural handshake movement between humanoid robots and their human partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, virtual idols have garnered considerable attention because they can perform activities similar to real idols. However, as they are fictitious idols with nonphysical presence, they cannot perform physical interactions such as handshake. Combining a robotic hand with a display showing virtual idols is the one of the methods to solve this problem. Nonetheless a physical handshake is possible, the form of handshake that can effectively induce the desirable behavior is unclear. In this study, we adopted a robotic hand as an interface and aimed to imitate the behavior of real idols. To test the effects of this behavior, we conducted step-wise experiments. The series of experiments revealed that the handshake by the robotic hand increased the feeling of intimacy toward the virtual idol, and it became more enjoyable to respond to a request from the virtual idol. In addition, viewing the virtual idols during the handshake increased the feeling of intimacy with the virtual idol. Moreover, the method of the handshake peculiar to idols, which tried to keep holding the user's hand after the conversation, increased the feeling of intimacy to the virtual idol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and complication rates between the extra-ocular needle-guided haptic insertion technique (XNIT) and the conventional handshake (HS) technique of scleral fixation intra-ocular lens (SFIOL). Methods: In this retrospective study, we retrieved data of those patients who had undergone SFIOL surgery from January 2018 to May 2022 at our institute for aphakia following either a complicated cataract surgery or an ocular trauma and had a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Results: Of the 156 eyes, the HS technique was done in 80 eyes and the remaining 76 eyes with XNIT. At 3 months follow-up visit, there was no significant difference in the median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P = 0.988) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (P = 0.765) between the two techniques. There was no statistically significant difference between pre-operative median BCVA and post-operative UCVA in XNIT (P = 0.961) and the HS technique (P = 0.831) at 3 months follow-up visit. The complication rates between the two techniques were minimal and comparable. The most common post-operative complication was corneal edema. The incidence of cystoid macular edema was slightly more in the XNIT group but not statistically significant (P = 0.05). Two patients in the HS group developed retinal detachment, which settled after repeat surgery. Conclusion: The newer XNIT technique was found to be as safe and effective as compared to the conventional HS technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and complication rates between the extra-ocular needle-guided haptic insertion technique (XNIT) and the conventional handshake (HS) technique of scleral fixation intra-ocular lens (SFIOL). Methods: In this retrospective study, we retrieved data of those patients who had undergone SFIOL surgery from January 2018 to May 2022 at our institute for aphakia following either a complicated cataract surgery or an ocular trauma and had a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Results: Of the 156 eyes, the HS technique was done in 80 eyes and the remaining 76 eyes with XNIT. At 3 months follow-up visit, there was no significant difference in the median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P = 0.988) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (P = 0.765) between the two techniques. There was no statistically significant difference between pre-operative median BCVA and post-operative UCVA in XNIT (P = 0.961) and the HS technique (P = 0.831) at 3 months follow-up visit. The complication rates between the two techniques were minimal and comparable. The most common post-operative complication was corneal edema. The incidence of cystoid macular edema was slightly more in the XNIT group but not statistically significant (P = 0.05). Two patients in the HS group developed retinal detachment, which settled after repeat surgery. Conclusion: The newer XNIT technique was found to be as safe and effective as compared to the conventional HS technique.

In recent years, virtual idols have garnered considerable attention because they can perform activities similar to real idols. However, as they are fictitious idols with nonphysical presence, they cannot perform physical interactions such as handshake. Combining a robotic hand with a display showing virtual idols is the one of the methods to solve this problem. Nonetheless a physical handshake is possible, the form of handshake that can effectively induce the desirable behavior is unclear. In this study, we adopted a robotic hand as an interface and aimed to imitate the behavior of real idols. To test the effects of this behavior, we conducted step-wise experiments. The series of experiments revealed that the handshake by the robotic hand increased the feeling of intimacy toward the virtual idol, and it became more enjoyable to respond to a request from the virtual idol. In addition, viewing the virtual idols during the handshake increased the feeling of intimacy with the virtual idol. Moreover, the method of the hand-shake peculiar to idols, which tried to keep holding the user’s hand after the conversation, increased the feeling of intimacy to the virtual idol.

Guidance for developing and implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs for children is lacking. This review article describes unique considerations for planning antimicrobial management of children that may impact stewardship strategies. A variety of methods and training tools are described along with metrics specific to measuring antibiotic use and outcomes in children. Handshake stewardship is specifically explained and is considered a best practice. Information on stewardship in unique settings, including the neonatal intensive care unit and outpatient settings, are included.

The paper proposes a method for constructing signal transition graphs (STGs), which are directly mapped into asynchronous circuits for data processing. The advantage of the proposed method is that the resulting circuits are not only output-persistent, but also conformant to the environment. In other approaches, the environment is specified implicitly and/or inexactly and therefore they guarantee only output persistence. The conformation can be verified if both the circuit and its environment are specified by STGs. As an example, we consider a module realizing the function AND2. This module can either wait for both 1s or evaluate the function as soon as at least one 0 arrives. For each case, we draw up a separate STG (scenario) and map it into NCL gates. To provide such a mapping, we specify the behaviors of NCL gates by STG protocols. For data path, such an STG always contains alternative branches with the so-called garbage transitions at the gate inputs. The garbage transitions on a certain wire mean that the circuit is sensitive to the delay in this wire. Ignoring the garbage may lead to a violation of conformation or/and output persistence. For example, in the combinational part of the NCL circuits, the garbage appears on the inputs of NCL gates, and therefore these circuits are not delay insensitive.

One of the most vastly used protocols to protect services traffic like the web and email is Transport Layer Security (TLS). In 2018 the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized the latest version TLS 1.3, Introduced a significant enhancement in the protocol performance, and presented some new features. One of the new features is zero round trip-time (0-RTT) handshake mode, where the client can send the application data to the server within the handshake messages before the TLS connection is fully established. However, this application data is replayable. The replay attacks in 0-RTT handshake mode have been studied, and several mechanisms are proposed for protection, these proposed mechanisms are not able to prevent replay attacks when the server functionality is provided by a distributed environment such as multiple servers in a cloud computing environment or a CDN. This paper introduces TLS Guard as a new mechanism that extends TLS 1.3 to prevent replay attacks in a distributed environment. We evaluated a prototype TLS Guard implementation in controlled experiments and showed that its effect comes at the cost of some CPU overhead. More importantly, we showed that TLS Guard is scalable and tolerates faults without any required changes on the client side.

The increasing global threat of antibiotic resistance, which has resulted in countless fatalities due to untreatable infections, underscores the urgent need for a strategic action plan. The acknowledgment that humanity is perilously approaching the "End of the Miracle Drugs" due to the unjustifiable overuse and misuse of antibiotics has prompted a critical reassessment of their usage. In response, numerous relevant medical societies have initiated a concerted effort to combat resistance by implementing antibiotic stewardship programs within healthcare institutions, grounded in evidence-based guidelines and designed to guide antibiotic utilization. Crucial to this initiative is the establishment of multidisciplinary teams within each hospital, led by a dedicated Infectious Diseases physician. This team includes clinical pharmacists, clinical microbiologists, hospital epidemiologists, infection control experts, and specialized nurses who receive intensive training in the field. These teams have evidence-supported strategies aiming to mitigate resistance, such as conducting prospective audits and providing feedback, including the innovative 'Handshake Stewardship' approach, implementing formulary restrictions and preauthorization protocols, disseminating educational materials, promoting antibiotic de-escalation practices, employing rapid diagnostic techniques, and enhancing infection prevention and control measures. While initial outcomes have demonstrated success in reducing resistance rates, ongoing research is imperative to explore novel stewardship interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More daily interactions are happening in the digital world of the metaverse. Providing individuals with means to perform a handshake during these interactions can enhance the overall user experience. In this paper, we put forward the design and implementation of two right-handed underactuated Digital Twin robotic arms to mediate the physical handshake interaction between two individuals. This allows them to perform a handshake while they are in separate locations. The experimental findings are very promising as our evaluation shows that the participants were highly interested in using our system to shake hands with their loved ones when they are physically separated. With this Digital Twin robotic arms system, we also found a correlation between the handshake characteristics and personality traits of the participants from the handshake data collected during the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appropriate use of carbapenem is a critical concern for patient safety and public health, and is a national priority. We investigated the nationwide status of carbapenem prescription in patients within their last 14 days of life to guide judicious-use protocols from the previous study comprised of 1350 decedents. Carbapenem use was universally controlled through computerised authorisation system at all centres during the study period. Carbapenem prescribing patterns and their optimality were evaluated. A total of 1201 patients received antimicrobial agents within the last two weeks of their lives, of whom 533 (44.4%) received at least one carbapenem. The median carbapenem treatment duration was seven days. Of the 533 patients receiving carbapenems, 510 (95.7%) patients had microbiological samples drawn and 196 (36.8%) yielded carbapenem-resistant pathogens. A total of 200 (37.5%) patients were referred to infectious disease (ID) specialists. Of the 333 patients (62.5%) who did not have ID consultations, 194 (58.2%) were assessed as "not optimal", 79 (23.7%) required escalation, 100 (30.0%) required de-escalation, and 15 (4.5%) were discontinued. Notwithstanding the existing antibiotic restriction program system, carbapenems are commonly prescribed to patients in their last days of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how a simple handshake-a gesture that often occurs at the outset of social interactions-can influence deal-making. Because handshakes are social rituals, they are imbued with meaning beyond their physical features. We propose that during mixed-motive interactions, a handshake is viewed as a signal of cooperative intent, increasing people's cooperative behavior and affecting deal-making outcomes. In Studies 1a and 1b, pairs who chose to shake hands at the onset of integrative negotiations obtained better joint outcomes. Study 2 demonstrates the causal impact of handshaking using experimental methodology. Study 3 suggests a driver of the cooperative consequence of handshaking: negotiators expected partners who shook hands to behave more cooperatively than partners who avoided shaking hands or partners whose nonverbal behavior was unknown; these expectations of cooperative intent increased negotiators' own cooperation. Study 4 uses an economic game to demonstrate that handshaking increased cooperation even when handshakes were uninstructed (vs. instructed). Further demonstrating the primacy of signaling cooperative intent, handshaking actually reduced cooperation when the action signaled ill intent (e.g., when the hand-shaker was sick; Study 5). Finally, in Study 6, executives assigned to shake hands before a more antagonistic, distributive negotiation were less likely to lie about self-benefiting information, increasing cooperation even to their own detriment. Together, these studies provide evidence that handshakes, ritualistic behaviors imbued with meaning beyond mere physical contact, signal cooperative intent and promote deal-making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a haptic device with liquid-pouch motors that can simulate a handshake. Because handshakes involve contact of the palms or soft skin, handshake simulation requires the haptic device to provide pressure onto specific areas of the palm with soft contact. This can be achieved with thermally driven liquid-pouch motors, which inflate and deflate when a low-boiling-point liquid, here Novec™ 7000, evaporates and condenses, respectively. Due to the simplicity of the soft actuator system, this haptic glove is lightweight and conformable. To design the haptic glove, we experimentally investigated the contact region and strength in handshakes, which led to an optimal number, size and position for the liquid-pouch motors. Sensory experiments with human subjects verified that the designed haptic glove successfully simulated handshakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing global threat of antibiotic resistance, which has resulted in countless fatalities due to untreatable infections, underscores the urgent need for a strategic action plan. The acknowledgment that humanity is perilously approaching the “End of the Miracle Drugs” due to the unjustifiable overuse and misuse of antibiotics has prompted a critical reassessment of their usage. In response, numerous relevant medical societies have initiated a concerted effort to combat resistance by implementing antibiotic stewardship programs within healthcare institutions, grounded in evidence-based guidelines and designed to guide antibiotic utilization. Crucial to this initiative is the establishment of multidisciplinary teams within each hospital, led by a dedicated Infectious Diseases physician. This team includes clinical pharmacists, clinical microbiologists, hospital epidemiologists, infection control experts, and specialized nurses who receive intensive training in the field. These teams have evidence-supported strategies aiming to mitigate resistance, such as conducting prospective audits and providing feedback, including the innovative ‘Handshake Stewardship’ approach, implementing formulary restrictions and preauthorization protocols, disseminating educational materials, promoting antibiotic de-escalation practices, employing rapid diagnostic techniques, and enhancing infection prevention and control measures. While initial outcomes have demonstrated success in reducing resistance rates, ongoing research is imperative to explore novel stewardship interventions.

Quantum key distribution, initialized in 1984, is a commercialized secure communication method that enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key using quantum mechanics. We propose a QQUIC (Quantum-assisted Quick UDP Internet Connections) transport protocol, which modifies the well-known QUIC transport protocol by employing quantum key distribution instead of the original classical algorithms in the key exchange stage. Due to the provable security of quantum key distribution, the security of the QQUIC key does not depend on computational assumptions. It is possible that, surprisingly, QQUIC can reduce network latency in some circumstances even compared with QUIC. To achieve this, the attached quantum connections are used as the dedicated lines for key generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appropriate use of carbapenem is a critical concern for patient safety and public health, and is a national priority. We investigated the nationwide status of carbapenem prescription in patients within their last 14 days of life to guide judicious-use protocols from the previous study comprised of 1350 decedents. Carbapenem use was universally controlled through computerised authorisation system at all centres during the study period. Carbapenem prescribing patterns and their optimality were evaluated. A total of 1201 patients received antimicrobial agents within the last two weeks of their lives, of whom 533 (44.4%) received at least one carbapenem. The median carbapenem treatment duration was seven days. Of the 533 patients receiving carbapenems, 510 (95.7%) patients had microbiological samples drawn and 196 (36.8%) yielded carbapenem-resistant pathogens. A total of 200 (37.5%) patients were referred to infectious disease (ID) specialists. Of the 333 patients (62.5%) who did not have ID consultations, 194 (58.2%) were assessed as “not optimal”, 79 (23.7%) required escalation, 100 (30.0%) required de-escalation, and 15 (4.5%) were discontinued. Notwithstanding the existing antibiotic restriction program system, carbapenems are commonly prescribed to patients in their last days of life.

In light of the mandate of social distancing imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic, and the subsequent disruption in habitual practices involving physical contact, the essay explores the ancient gesture of the handshake with reference to both its cultural codifications and its iconography, widespread especially in Mediterranean and Near Eastern areas. While involving manifold semantic and symbolic significance, the handshake is taken into account especially as a gesture implying a tactile exposure to another, hinting at the possibility of joining radically discontinuous worlds (mortals and immortals, dead and living). Ancient Greek funerary art is considered and a few final remarks return to the experience of isolation we lived on a global scale in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The handshake is the most acceptable gesture of greeting in many cultures throughout many centuries. To date, robotic arms are not capable of fully replicating this typical human gesture. Using multiple sensors that detect contact forces and displacements, we characterized the movements that occured during handshakes. A typical human-to-human handshake took around 3.63 s (SD = 0.45 s) to perform. It can be divided into three phases: reaching (M = 0.92 s, SD = 0.45 s), contact (M = 1.96 s, SD = 0.46 s), and return (M = 0.75 s, SD = 0.12 s). The handshake was further investigated to understand its subtle movements. Using a multiphase jerk minimization model, a smooth human-to-human handshake can be modelled with fifth or fourth degree polynomials at the reaching and return phases, and a sinusoidal function with exponential decay at the contact phase. We show that the contact phase (1.96 s) can be further divided according to the following subphases: preshake (0.06 s), main shake (1.31 s), postshake (0.06 s), and a period of no movement (0.52 s) just before both hands are retracted. We compared these to the existing handshake models that were proposed for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). From our findings in human-to-human handshakes, we proposed guidelines for a more natural handshake movement between humanoid robots and their human partners.

Dexiosis, which basically defines a simple handshake scene, is a gesture that has periodic differences in content or at least includes many different emotional meanings apart from this basic meaning over time. This gesture, as far as it is known iconographically in ancient times, was assimilated by different regions and societies from the Assyrian Kingdom to Late Antiquity. This gesture, which has found a meaning for itself in every society, appears as a reflection of situations such as agreement (marriage, support, etc.) and separation in general. Scenes on handshaking in ancient times draw attention as an intermediary motif that expresses the depiction of many feelings and thoughts accompanied by iconographic works. In the historical process, dexiosis scenes are especially seen in works containing iconographic depictions such as embossed blocks, ceramics, grave steles, wall paintings, sarcophagi, urns, metal utensils, bulla, mosaic, and numismatics. The Dexiosis scene is the representative of an understanding that prioritizes different emotions through such works. Within the scope of this study, some iconographic data selected from works with dexiosis scenes will be evaluated by considering their use on different archaeological materials with their semantic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wrist-worn smart devices are being used to share various sensitive personal information in various fields such as social, medical treatment, sports, etc. Secure pairing establishing a trusted channel between involved devices is a prerequisite to ensure data transmission security. Handshake has been employed to realize secure pairing between devices worn by different users without pre-shared knowledge, the participation of third parties or complicated user interactions. However, existing schemes cannot meet the practical requirement in terms of time delay and security. In this paper, we present a secure and usable pairing scheme utilizing the handshake acceleration data. Specifically, we propose an optimal feature selection algorithm based on Euclidean distance sorting which improves the success rate and security of the system. In addition, we use Pearson correlation coefficient based feature sequence similarity measurement approach to enhance the accuracy of pairing scheme. Theoretical and experimental security analysis indicates that our solution can resist active and passive attacks. What's more, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution has a high key generation rate of 87 bits per second, and completes security pairing in less than 4 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a haptic device with liquid-pouch motors that can simulate a handshake. Because handshakes involve contact of the palms or soft skin, handshake simulation requires the haptic device to provide pressure onto specific areas of the palm with soft contact. This can be achieved with thermally driven liquid-pouch motors, which inflate and deflate when a low-boiling-point liquid, here Novec™ 7000, evaporates and condenses, respectively. Due to the simplicity of the soft actuator system, this haptic glove is lightweight and conformable. To design the haptic glove, we experimentally investigated the contact region and strength in handshakes, which led to an optimal number, size and position for the liquid-pouch motors. Sensory experiments with human subjects verified that the designed haptic glove successfully simulated handshakes.

Quantum key distribution, initialized in 1984, is a commercialized secure communication method that enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key using quantum mechanics. We propose a QQUIC (Quantum-assisted Quick UDP Internet Connections) transport protocol, which modifies the well-known QUIC transport protocol by employing quantum key distribution instead of the original classical algorithms in the key exchange stage. Due to the provable security of quantum key distribution, the security of the QQUIC key does not depend on computational assumptions. It is possible that, surprisingly, QQUIC can reduce network latency in some circumstances even compared with QUIC. To achieve this, the attached quantum connections are used as the dedicated lines for key generation.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Healthcare providers struggle with the timing of handwashing and the handshake during the visit with patients, we question whether the handshake is even a necessary component of the modern introduction. The Physician-Patient relationship is strongest when built on trust, and typically begins with a traditional handshake. The importance of hand hygiene has become an integral part of the patient encounter. Taking a break for hand-hygiene interrupts the natural flow of the initial introduction and non-verbal body language to our patients. In current time constrained visits, we focus on handwashing instead of on continuous eye-contact with our patient. It is arguable that the elimination of the handshake may allow one to focus on more culturally acceptable universal verbal and non-verbal communication skills that help us to build essential trust with our patients.

Handshaking is a fundamental part of human physical interaction that is transversal to various cultural backgrounds. It is also a very challenging task in the field of Physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI), requiring compliant force control in order to plan the arm’s motion and for a confident, but at the same time pleasant grasp of the human user’s hand. In this paper,we focus on the study of the hand grip strength for comfortable handshakes and perform three sets of physical interaction experiments between twenty human subjects in the first experiment, thirty-five human subjects in the second one, and thirty-eight human subjects in the third one. Tests are made with a social robot whose hands are instrumented with tactile sensors that provide skin-like sensation. From these experiments, we: (i) learn the preferred grip closure according to each user group; (ii) analyze the tactile feedback provided by the sensors for each closure; (iii) develop and evaluate the hand grip controller based on previous data. In addition to the robot-human interactions, we also learn about the robot executed handshake interactions with inanimate objects, in order to detect if it is shaking hands with a human or an inanimate object. This work adds physical human-robot interaction to the repertory of social skills of our robot, fulfilling a demand previously identified by many users of the robot.

Although detailed descriptions of proper handshakes partly comprise many etiquette books, how a normal handshake can be described, its proper duration, and the consequences of violating handshake expectations remain empirically unexplored. This study measured the effect of temporal violations of the expected length of a handshake (less than three seconds according to previous studies) administered unobtrusively in a naturalistic experiment. We compared volunteer participants' (N = 34; 25 females; 9 males; M age = 23.76 years, SD = 6.85) nonverbal behavior before and after (a) a prolonged handshake (>3 seconds), (b) a normal length handshake (average length <3 seconds), and (c) a control encounter with no handshake. Frame-by-frame behavioral analyses revealed that, following a prolonged handshake (vs. a normal length or no handshake), participants showed less interactional enjoyment, as indicated by less laughing. They also showed evidence of anxiety and behavioral freezing, indicated by increased hands-on-hands movements, and they showed fewer hands-on-body movements. Normal length handshakes resulted in less subsequent smiling than did prolonged handshakes, but normal length handshakes were also followed by fewer hands-on-face movements than prolonged handshakes. No behavior changes were associated with the no-handshake control condition. We found no differences in participants' level of empathy or state/trait anxiety related to these conditions. In summary, participants reacted behaviorally to temporal manipulations of handshakes, with relevant implications for interactions in interviews, business, educational, and social settings and for assisting patients with social skills difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most vastly used protocols to protect services traffic like the web and email is Transport Layer Security (TLS). In 2018 the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized the latest version TLS 1.3, Introduced a significant enhancement in the protocol performance, and presented some new features. One of the new features is zero round trip-time (0-RTT) handshake mode, where the client can send the application data to the server within the handshake messages before the TLS connection is fully established. However, this application data is replayable. The replay attacks in 0-RTT handshake mode have been studied, and several mechanisms are proposed for protection, these proposed mechanisms are not able to prevent replay attacks when the server functionality is provided by a distributed environment such as multiple servers in a cloud computing environment or a CDN. This paper introduces TLS Guard as a new mechanism that extends TLS 1.3 to prevent replay attacks in a distributed environment. We evaluated a prototype TLS Guard implementation in controlled experiments and showed that its effect comes at the cost of some CPU overhead. More importantly, we showed that TLS Guard is scalable and tolerates faults without any required changes on the client side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans shake hands as a sign of greeting, when they first meet one another, to express a feeling of rapport. For interactions involving a human and a robot, if the robot generates a handshake behavior that is emotionally acceptable to humans, it will lessen any feeling of aversion that the human has when initiating an interaction with the robot. For this reason, in our previous study, a handshake request motion model was proposed, where the robot generated a handshake behavior for the case when the robot actively approached a human. In this model, we studied the motion of a robot actively approaching humans, the handshake request motion from the robot and the start timing of the handshake. However, to promote embodied interaction smoothly, it is necessary for the robot to respond to the handshake requested by humans while still approaching them. Therefore, we developed a handshake robot system that generated a handshake behavior according to the request and response situation while actively approaching a human. First, a handshake response motion model for a handshake with active approach toward a human is proposed, based on an analysis of human handshake behaviors. In this model, the robot generates the response motion while it approaches the human. Furthermore, a switching handshake control with the active approach is developed where the robot generates either the request motion or the response motion, for a handshake according to the behavior of the human. By sensory evaluations, the effectiveness of the robot system using a switching handshake control was demonstrated.

One very popular form of interpersonal interaction used in various situations is the handshake (HS), which is an act that is both physical and social. This article aims to demonstrate that the paradigm of synchrony that refers to the psychology of individuals' temporal movement coordination could also be considered in handshaking. For this purpose, the physical features of the human HS are investigated in two different social situations: greeting and consolation. The duration and frequency of the HS and the force of the grip have been measured and compared using a prototype of a wearable system equipped with several sensors. The results show that an HS can be decomposed into four phases, and after a short physical contact, a synchrony emerges between the two persons who are shaking hands. A statistical analysis conducted on 31 persons showed that, in the two different contexts, there is a significant difference in the duration of HS, but the frequency of motion and time needed to synchronize were not impacted by the context of an interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We instituted a new antimicrobial stewardship approach that involves review of all antimicrobial agents and communication of interventions in person by a pharmacist–physician team termed handshake stewardship. The acceptance rate in this study was 86%, intervention rates were higher with a physician, and interventions on antibiotics not reviewed by other strategies were made frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]