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11. Metabolism and thermoregulation during fasting in king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus, in air and water

Author

Fahlman, A., Schmidt A., Handrich Y, Woakes, A.J., and Butler, P.J.

Subjects
Penguins -- Research, Metabolism -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

We measured oxygen consumption rate (V[o.sub.2]) and body temperatures in 10 king penguins in air and water. V[o.sub.2] was measured during rest and at submaximal and maximal exercise before (fed) and after (fasted) an average fasting duration of 14.4 [+ or -] 2.3 days (mean [+ or -] 1 SD, range 10-19 days) in air and water. Concurrently, we measured subcutaneous temperature and temperature of the upper (heart and liver), middle (stomach) and lower (intestine) abdomen. The mean body mass (Mb) was 13.8 [+ or -] 1.2 kg in fed and 11.0 [+ or -] 0.6 kg in fasted birds. After fasting, resting V[O.sub.2] was 93% higher in water than in air (air: 86.9 [+ or -] 8.8 ml/min; water: 167.3 [+ or -] 36.7 ml/min, P < 0.01), while there was no difference in resting V[o.sub.2] between air and water in fed animals (air: 117.1 [+ or -] 20.0 ml [O.sub.2]/min; water: 114.8 [+ or -] 32.7 ml [O.sub.2]/min, P > 0.6). In air, V[O.sub.2] decreased with [M.sub.b], while it increased with [M.sub.b] in water. Body temperature did not change with fasting in air, whereas in water, there were complex changes in the peripheral body temperatures. These latter changes may, therefore, be indicative of a loss in body insulation and of variations in peripheral perfusion. Four animals were given a single meal after fasting and the temperature changes were partly reversed 24 h after refeeding in all body regions except the subcutaneous, indicating a rapid reversal to a prefasting state where body heat loss is minimal. The data emphasize the importance in considering nutritional status when studying king penguins and that the fasting-related physiological changes diverge in air and water. thermoregulatory plasticity; hypometabolism; sea bird; allometry

Published
2005

12. Effect of fasting on the V[O.sub.2]-[f.sub.h] relationship in king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus

Author

Fahlman, A., Handrich, Y., Woakes, A.J., Bost, C.-A., Holder, R., Duchamp, C., and Butler, P.J.

Subjects
Sea birds -- Research, Heart beat -- Research, Fasting -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Effect of fasting on the [Vo.sub.2]-[f.sub.h] relationship in king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: R870-R877, 2004, First published June 3, 2003: 10.1152/ajpregu.00651.2003.--King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) may fast for up to 30 days during their breeding period. As such extended fasting may affect the relationship between the rate of [O.sub.2] consumption ([Vo.sub.2]) and heart rate ([f.sub.h]), five male king penguins were exercised at various speeds on repeated occasions during a fasting period of 24-31 days. In addition, [Vo.sub.2] and [f.sub.H] were measured in the same animals during rest in cold air and water (4[degrees]C). [Vo.sub.2] and [f.sub.H] at rest and [Vo.sub.2] during exercise decreased with fasting. There was a significant relation between [Vo.sub.2] and [f.sub.H] ([r.sup.2] = 0.56) that was improved by including speed, body mass ([M.sub.b]), number of days fasting (t), and a cross term between [f.sub.H] and t ([r.sup.2] = 0.92). It was concluded that there was a significant change in the [Vo.sub.2]-[f.sub.H] relationship with fasting during exercise. As t is measurable in the field and was shown to be significant and, therefore, a practical covariate, a regression equation for use when birds are ashore was obtained by removing speed and [M.sub.b]. When this equation was used, predicted [Vo.sub.2] was in good agreement with the observed data, with an overall error of 3.0%. There was no change in the [Vo.sub.2] [f.sub.H] relationship in penguins at rest in water. sea bird; exercise: heart rate technique: metabolic rate: body composition

Published
2004

19. Combined use of two supervised learning algorithms to model sea turtle behaviours from tri-axial acceleration data

Author

Jeantet, L., primary, Dell'Amico, F., additional, Forin-Wiart, M. A., additional, Coutant, M., additional, Bonola, M., additional, Etienne, D., additional, Gresser, J., additional, Regis, S., additional, Lecerf, N., additional, Lefebvre, F., additional, de Thoisy, B., additional, Le Maho, Y., additional, Brucker, M., additional, Châtelain, N., additional, Laesser, R., additional, Crenner, F., additional, Handrich, Y., additional, Wilson, R., additional, and Chevallier, D., additional

Published
2018
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21. Recovery of king penguins from swimming induced hypothermia: effects of nutritional condition

Author

Halsey, L.G., Handrich, Y., Rey, B., Fahlman, A., Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J., Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT]
Published
2008

41. Foraging habitat and food intake of satellite-tracked king penguins during the austral summer at Crozet Archipelago

Author

Bost, CA, Georges, JY, Guinet, C, Cherel, Y, Pütz, K, Charrassin, JB, Handrich, Y, Zorn, T, Lage, J, Le Maho, Y, Bost, CA, Georges, JY, Guinet, C, Cherel, Y, Pütz, K, Charrassin, JB, Handrich, Y, Zorn, T, Lage, J, and Le Maho, Y

Abstract

The relationships between the foraging strategy of seabirds, hydrographic features and food availability are poorly understood. We investigated the movements at sea, time spent per oceanic sector, food intake, and diet of king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus in the Crozet Islands (Southern Indian Ocean) during summer, as a function of the position of major frontal zones. Fifteen trips at sea were monitored using satellite transmitters over 3 austral summers (1992 to 1994). During each season, satellite transmitters were used in conjunction with stomach temperature recorders in order to investigate feeding activity. The at-sea distribution of king penguins was closely related to the localisation of major hydrographic frontal systems. Intense prospecting areas were observed mainly in zones corresponding to the northern limit of the Polar Front (50° to 51° S), southern limit of the Sub-Antarctic Front (44.50° to 45° S), and a zone between 47° and 48° S. During trips directed south, 2 distinct phases based on travelling speed were detected. The myctophids Electrona carlsbergi, Krefftichtys anderssoni and Protomyctophum tenisoni dominated the diet. The estimated average amount of food ingested per day at sea was 2.4 kg. Between 17 and 64 kg of food was captured during 7 to 25 d at sea. Approximately 80% of the food intake occurred during the first phase of the trip. Food intake was related to trip duration and relative amount of time spent in particular oceanic sectors. The sections 47° to 48° S and 48.5° to 50.50° S appeared particularly favorable for food intake, the latter coinciding with the northern limit of the Polar Front. King penguins fed intensively on several distinct patches when traveling towards the Polar Front. The foraging range seems to be related to the foraging success during the first phase of the trip. The foraging strategy of king penguins during the summer favors displacements toward frontal zones where food availability is optimal.

Published
1997
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43. Buoyancy and maximal diving depth in penguins

Author

Sato, Katsufumi, primary, Naito, Y., additional, Kato, A., additional, Niizuma, Y., additional, Watanuki, Y., additional, Charrassin, J. B., additional, Bost, C.-A., additional, Handrich, Y., additional, and Le Maho, Y., additional

Published
2002
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