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Astri Budikayanti,1 Manfaluthy Hakim,1 Faradillah Mutiani,1 Sri Handayani,2 Nushrotul Lailiyya,3 Herlyani Khosama,4 Seilly Yunita Jehosua,4 Vivien Puspitasari,5 Pricilla Yani Gunawan,5 Yetty Hambarsari,6 Wardah Rahmatul Islamiyah,7 Abdul Gofir,8 Amelia Nur Vidyanti,8 Asnelia Devicaesaria,9 Rizka Ibonita,9 Herlina Suryawati,10 Rimawati Tedjasukmana11 1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya – Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia; 3Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sam Ratulangi – Prof. dr. RD Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia; 5Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pelita Harapan – Siloam Kelapa Dua Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia; 6Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret – Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia; 7Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; 8Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gajah Mada – Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 9Department of Neurology, National Brain Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 10Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro – Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia; 11Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Astri Budikayanti, Email astri.budikayanti@ui.ac.idBackground: Sleep disturbances are included in the six most commonly cited complaints in post-COVID-19 conditions. In order to find the optimal management approach and enhance Quality of Life (QoL), we intend to explore sleep disturbances that occur in post-COVID-19 conditions.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with interviews and questionnaires using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing sleep quality, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for assessing insomnia, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for assessing Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), STOP-BANG questionnaire for assessing Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) for assessing QoL. We recruited respondents from several cities in Indonesia and performed an analysis to find the relationship between sleep disturbance and its association with QoL.Results: This study involved 757 respondents. They were predominantly female, with a median age of 39 years, no comorbidities, and had exhibited mild COVID-19 severity. Subjects with post-COVID-19 conditions experienced insomnia, poor sleep quality, normal sleepiness, and low risk of OSA. Sleep quality caused role limitations due to decreased physical and mental health. Insomnia caused role limitations due to emotional and social functioning problems. Meanwhile, OSA only affected physical functioning.Conclusion: Numerous aspects of patients’ QoL are affected by sleep disturbance in post-COVID-19 conditions. A comprehensive approach and coordinated care pathways must be effectively managed to improve QoL among individuals experiencing sleep disturbance.Keywords: COVID-19, long COVID, post-COVID-19 conditions, sleep, sleep quality, insomnia

Pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators need to be released in a balanced way to maintain a healthy state as we age. One important regulatory element in the equilibrium of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators is NF-κB. The purpose of this study was to examine how S. platensis affected the control of inflammatory mediators in young, healthy, emerging adults and adults in rats. In this investigation, 200 mg/kg BW of S. platensis extract was administered to six groups of male Wistar rats, ages 12, 18, and 24 weeks, along with a control group. In both the treatment and control groups, NF-κB p65 protein expression was lower at 24 weeks than it was at 12 and 18 weeks. TNF-α and COX-2 proteins were lower in the treatment group than in the control group. All age groups in the treatment group had higher levels of IL-10 protein than the control group. The quantity of NF-κB p65 was positively correlated with COX-2 and TNF-α. By raising the concentration of NF-κB p65, the ethanolic extract of S. platensis altered a mediator of cellular immunity. A decrease followed this in TNF-α and COX-2 and a rise in IL-10 in the rat spleen at different ages.

Nastiti Intan Permata Sari, Sarwo Handayani Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Centre, Bogor, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Nastiti Intan Permata Sari, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Centre, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Email nastitipermata@gmail.com; nast003@brin.go.id

Nastiti Intan Permata Sari, Sarwo Handayani Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Centre, Bogor, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Nastiti Intan Permata Sari, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Centre, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Email nastitipermata@gmail.com

Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Sarwo Handayani, Christina Safira Whinie Lestari Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong – Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Email nova014@brin.go.id

Sarwo Handayani, Christina Safira Whinie Lestari, Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong – Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Email nova014@brin.go.id

Junaidah Yusof,1,* Annette d’Arqom,2,3,* Amalia Putri Andriani,4 Mhd Zamal Nasution,5 Nurmawati Fatimah,2,3 Arifa Mustika,2,3 Samsriyaningsih Handayani,6 Sharifah Zamiah Syed Abdul Kadir7 1School of Human Resource Development & Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; 2Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 3Airlangga Research Group for Translational Medicine and Therapeutic, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 4Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 5Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 6Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia; 7Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Annette d’Arqom, Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, 60131, East Java, Indonesia, Email annette-d-a@fk.unair.ac.idPurpose: This study aimed to measure supplement consumption behavior and mental health status among Indonesian adults during the second year of COVID-19.Participants and Methods: Online questionnaire regarding supplement consumption, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was distributed from March to June 2021 and obtained 1006 valid and completed questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted to determine the frequency and predictor factors of the respondents’ supplement consumption behavior and mental health status.Results: Respondents were divided into two groups, vulnerable and non-vulnerable individuals. The finding showed that 34.5% respondents were vulnerable individuals, including the elderly and those with comorbid disease(s). The vulnerable and non-vulnerable groups exhibited a high prevalence of supplement consumption, with the vulnerable group demonstrating a greater tendency for regular use. The incidence of mental health problems in both groups did not significantly differ (23– 38%), where anxiety was higher than depression and stress. Supplement consumption was associated with mental health status. Several positive predicting factors for supplement consumption behavior included older age, higher economic status, and higher education. While the younger age and unmarried respondents were more likely to develop mental health problems.Conclusion: Taken together, given dietary supplement consumption increased during the pandemic and the potential associations between supplement consumption and mental health, controlling the correct information and regulation regarding supplements, especially their risks and benefits, was important. Additionally, support for mental health issues was necessary, since it might affect self-medication behavior.Keywords: anxiety, COVID-19, depression, mental health, minerals, stress, vitamins

Sri Handayani,1,2 Nurdiana Nurdiana,3 Sri Winarsih,4 Agustina Tri Endharti5 1Doctoral Program of Medical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; 2Department of Midwifery of Aisyiyah, Institution of Surakarta University, Surakarta, Province of Middle Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Province of East Java, Indonesia; 4Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Province of East Java, Indonesia; 5Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Province of East Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Sri Handayani, Department of Midwifery of Aisyiyah, Institution of Surakarta University, Surakarta, Middle Java State, 57146, Indonesia, Tel +62 816-4252-588, Email whandasrisalam@gmail.comPurpose: Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a fungus that causes superficial and invasive candidiasis in its host. Caspofungin, has been widely used as a synthetic antifungal, whereas holothurin has been shown to have potential as a natural antifungal. The purpose of this study was to see how holothurin and caspofungin affected the number of C. albicans’s colonies, LDH levels, and the number of inflammatory cells in vagina of Rattus norvegicus.Patients and Methods: Design of this research is using posttest only with control group design with 48 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strains used in this study were divided into six treatment groups. Each group was divided into three-time intervals of 12, 24, and 48 hours. LDH markers were tested using ELISA, inflammatory cells were counted manually, and the number of colonies was calculated using colonymetry before being diluted with NaCl 0.9% and planted in sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA).Results: According to the findings, inflammatory cells in the treatment of holothurin (48-hours) had an OR of 1.68 CI (− 0.79– 4.16) P = 0.09 and caspofungin had an OR of 4.18 CI (1.26– 9.63) P = 0.09. Meanwhile, LDH in the holothurin (48-hour) treatment obtained OR 348, CI (286– 410), P=0.03, and Caspofungin OR 393, CI (277– 508), P=0.03. Colonies were obtained with zero numbers in the holothurin treatment (48 hours) and with Caspofungin OR 393, CI (273– 508) P=0.00.Conclusion: Holothurin and caspofungin administration reduced the number of C. albicans colonies and the number of inflammatory cells (P 0.05), implying that holothurin and caspofungin could prevent C. albicans infection.Keywords: Candida albicans, inflammatory cells and LDH, holothurin, caspofungin

Earthquake is the vibrations on the earth's surface due to the sudden release of energy from the earthquake center in the earth. The released energy propagates through the ground in the form of vibrations. It is a natural ground movement caused by a variety of phenomena, including tectonic processes, volcanism, and explosions, as well as collapse. An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 on the Richter Scale that rocked the Central Sulawesi region caused the tsunami that hit the Talise Beach and the liquefaction in Petobo and Balaroa of Palu City, as well as the liquefaction in Sibalaya of Sigi Regency. After the disaster, the Sigi area, especially Bulubete Village, was the subject of flash floods due to the changes in waterways which should pass into the residential area instead through the river. This study aimed to determine the Development of Beef Cattle Breeding Business at the Public Animal Husbandry School (SPR) in Sigi Regency during the Covid-19 pandemic as well as the earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction. This research was conducted from March to May 2022. The location of this research was determined based on purposively. This research was conducted in Bulubete Village of Sigi Regency. Population method was used in determining the number of samples which was also used as the sample of 36 breeders. The result obtained in this study was that natural disasters and the spread of covid-19 greatly affected the development of the cattle business at Anutapura SPR of Bulubete Village of South Dolo District of Sigi Regency. The population and demand at Anutapura SPR experienced a sales trend after the disaster and the covid-19 pandemic. In this case, the cattle population increased before the natural disaster and decreased after the natural disaster coupled with the covid-19 pandemic which affected the demand for beef.

Pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators need to be released in a balanced way to maintain a healthy state as we age. One important regulatory element in the equilibrium of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators is NF-κB. The purpose of this study was to examine how S. platensis affected the control of inflammatory mediators in young, healthy, emerging adults and adults in rats. In this investigation, 200 mg/kg BW of S. platensis extract was administered to six groups of male Wistar rats, ages 12, 18, and 24 weeks, along with a control group. In both the treatment and control groups, NF-κB p65 protein expression was lower at 24 weeks than it was at 12 and 18 weeks. TNF-α and COX-2 proteins were lower in the treatment group than in the control group. All age groups in the treatment group had higher levels of IL-10 protein than the control group. The quantity of NF-κB p65 was positively correlated with COX-2 and TNF-α. By raising the concentration of NF-κB p65, the ethanolic extract of S. platensis altered a mediator of cellular immunity. A decrease followed this in TNF-α and COX-2 and a rise in IL-10 in the rat spleen at different ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Sarwo Handayani, Rita Marleta Dewi Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Cibinong – Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Email nova014@brin.go.id

Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Fitriana Fitriana, Sarwo Handayani Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, West Java, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan, Center for Biomedical Research, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Genomic Building, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor No. 490, Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia, Email nova014@brin.go.id

This study aims to validate and re-evaluate the use of H2SO4, BaCl2, and seed germination assay (SGA) methods to detect early pregnancy in cattle. Validation was carried out in order to find out the actual test performance value, which include accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Validation test was done by reacting the urine of pregnant and non-pregnant cattle populations with H2SO4 solution diluted at a ratio of 1 : 4, with 1% BaCl2 solution or through germination of mung bean seeds in Petri dishes. The results of this study indicated that the H2SO4 and BaCl2 methods have poor accuracy (21.88% and 28.13%) with the sensitivity of 81.82% and 100% and specificity of 9.43% and 13.21%, respectively. Meanwhile, the SGA method had a fairly good accuracy (74.55%) with sensitivity and specificity of 45.46% and 81.82%, respectively. Based on these results, the H2SO4, BaCl2, and SGA methods are not recommended for detection of early pregnancy in the field.

Agroecological zones group an area on soil and climate differences that interact with crops will have impact on differences in commodities, farming systems, productivity, and farmers’ challenges in managing their agricultural businesses. Aceh Province which is grouped into 3 Agroecological Zones, namely the southwest coast, middle and northeast coasts have different agricultural characteristics. This descriptive research tries to answer the challenges of farmers in managing agricultural businesses in 3 different Agroecological Zones. The results showed that in the southwest zone there were 9 challenges, and in the middle zone there were 10 challenges faced by farmers. The main challenges in these two zones is that agricultural development assistance such as capital, superior seeds, production inputs, counseling, and program supervision is not appropriate and complete. In the northeast zone, there are 13 challenges with the main challenges was the difficulty of farmers in getting subsidized fertilizers. Synchronization of agricultural development programs with the challenges faced by farmers based on the ZAE area is very important, because it will be a more precise and simpler solution to solving agricultural challenges in agricultural-based regional development.

Biflavonoids are dimers of flavonoids created by a covalent connection of C-C or C-O-C between two flavonoids and have been found to have a variety of pharmacological effects, including the ability to treat diabetes mellitus (DM). In the current investigation, the inhibitory effect of biflavonoids extracted from Araucaria hunsteinii K. Schum towards the target protein α-glucosidase was assessed using a combination of in-vitro experiments and in-silico molecular docking approach. The biflavonoids' inhibition properties were contrasted with those of acarbose, a widely used pharmaceutical for treating type 2 DM. AutoDock Vina was employed to analyze the conformational sites and docking parameters, such as binding affinity and inhibition constant. In-silico studies showed that biflavonoids effectively interacted with the active site of the α-glucosidase enzyme, which is in charge of cleaving not only bonding of the α-1,4 but also the α-1,6 glycosidic on the exterior of amylose or amylopectin residues to obtain simple sugars. The docking experiments revealed that biflavonoids had tighter binding forces than acarbose against α-glucosidase. The selected biflavonoids, 7-O-methylcupressuflavone; 7,7"-di-O-methylagathisflavone, 4',4"'-di-O-methylamentoflavone and 4"',7-di-O-methylcupresuflavone showed an IC50 of 78.32±0.52; 388.39±0.68; 389.76±1.55 and 537.98±2,35 μM, respectively. These biflavonoids had a low binding affinity and more hydrogen bond interactions with the target enzyme, which had several important amino acid residues. The effectiveness of these compounds in inhibiting the enzyme may be explained by some of their hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, the study comes to the conclusion that biflavonoids are prospective antidiabetic agents and should be taken into consideration when developing candidates for new antidiabetic medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have predicted the molecular interactions of the active ingredient of Spirulina platensis as an anti-inflammatory compound. However, these interaction studies did not review the modulation of the NF-κB activation pathway, which involves various factors. This study demonstrated the potential of the bioactive compounds of S. platensis for modulating immune function by reducing inflammation through the inhibition of the NF-κB activation pathway. Phycocyanobilin was predicted to have good potential for molecular docking with multisubunit IκB kinase (IKK)1/IKKA, IKK2/IKKB, NF-κB-inducing kinase, and the IκBα/NF-κB complex. Furthermore, β-carotene exhibited good potential for interactions with NF-κB essential modulator/IKK and the NF-κB complex, and α-glucan had the potential for interactions with COX-2. Therefore, supplementation with S. platensis and its bioactive compounds is expected to provide optimal benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]