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Objectives:There are recommendations and studies for the corticosteroid treatment of cytokine storm and ARDS in COVID-19 disease. The aim is to evaluate the rates of secondary infections and mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving various doses of corticosteroid treatment in the ICU. Methods: In a retrospective approach, 621 patients were analyzed and recorded in terms of age, gender, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in intensive care, CRP, procalcitonin, LDH, IL-6, lymphocyte, D-dimer, ferritin values and corticosteroid doses as well as blood, urine, and tracheal aspiration growths. The patients were examined in 6 groups those who never took corticosteroids and those who took Methylprednisolone (MP) in doses of 250 mg, >250 mg, 80 mg, 40 mg, and 6 mg dexamethasone. The data were evaluated to determine if there have been significant relationships between corticosteroid doses and the rates of secondary infection and mortality. Results: The mean hospital stay of the patients was 11.2 ± 7.71 days, and the mean of invasive mechanical ventilation was 7.5 days. There was no significant difference between patients who did not use corticosteroids and patients who received 40 mg MP for the length of hospital stay. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the corticosteroid groups (p

Background and aim: One of the most important steps in the models to be established in order to define the relationships between the measured characteristics in health field research is to define the effects in the model correctly. One of these effects is the interaction effect, which is rarely used in practice, but on the contrary, should be required frequently used. The aim of this study, the concept of interaction between numerical independent variables, which is rarely used because it is little known in regression-like models, is to be presented with an easily interpretable graphical result. Materials and methods: The data used to emphasize the interpretation and importance of the interaction in the regression model were produced by simulation based on the descriptive statistics and distribution patterns of the data in a real study. The data set includes the systolic blood pressures (SBP) of 167 people aged between 40 and 76 and a body mass index between 21 and 52. Age and body mass index were defined as independent variables and SBP as dependent variables. Results: In the model without interaction, it was observed that an increase in body mass index increased SBP when age was kept constant, and an increase in age increased SBP when body mass index was kept constant. Although this result is sufficient, appropriate, and meaningful for the practitioner, it will not make sense without knowing the importance and meaning of the interaction between body mass index and age. When the interaction term was added to the model, it was seen that the above described result could lead to an invalid and erroneous interpretation. It was seen that the effect of a 1-unit change observed in body mass index on SBP differs at various ages and the effect of a 1-year increase in age on SBP differs according to body mass index values. In this case, it has emerged that a physician who will make a clinical decision should also consider age when deciding on SBP according to body mass index (or vice versa). In addition, the contour graphic method, which will facilitate the work of the practitioners in the interpretation of the interaction, will make a significant contribution to the evaluation of this term in models. Conclusion: Using an incorrect or incomplete model in data analysis results in, erroneous or incomplete results. The modeling process in healthcare research involving complex relationships requires substantial knowledge, domain knowledge, modeling knowledge, and accurate interpretation of results. Examining the interaction terms is of great importance in the modeling process. If this effect is significant, the actual effects of the interacting effects are meaningless and their interpretation will yield erroneous results. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 01 January’23 Page : 189-194

Kronik Hepatit C enfeksiyonunun tedavisi ve prognozunun belirlenmesinde Hepatit C virüs (HCV) genotip tayini kilit rol oynamaktadır. HCV genotip dağılımı, bölgesel farklılıklar gösterdiği için güncel verilerin takibi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada İstanbul ilinde altı yıllık süre içinde HCV genotip dağılımının ve dağılımdaki değişikliklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, hastanemize Ocak 2016-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında başvuran ve HCV genotiplendirmesi yapılan erişkin hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Hastalara ait demografik veriler hastane elektronik bilgi sistemi üzerinden retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan 386 hastanın %52.1’i kadın, ortalama yaş 56.1±15.5 idi. Hastaların %59.3’ünde Genotip1b, %15.3’ünde Genotip 3, %10.6’sında Genotip 1a, %2.6’sında Genotip 2, %2.6’sında miks genotip ve %2.1’inde Genotip 4 saptanmıştır. Genotip 1b’de 2018 yılında bir artış saptanırken, Genotip 3 2021 yılında, 2019 ve öncesine göre daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Genotip 4, 2016' ya göre 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Miks genotip’in son üç yılda 2017'ye göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaş, cinsiyet ve viral yük açısından genotip dağılımında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, hastalarımızda en sık saptanan Genotip1b, genotipler arasında ilk sıradaki yerini hala korumaktadır. Genotip 3 ve 4 oranları ise yıllar içinde anlamlı düzeyde değişikliğe uğramış ve her iki genotipin büyük çoğunluğunu yerli hastaların oluşturması dikkat çekici bulunmuştur. İstanbul hem turistik faaliyetler hem de göç sebebiyle farklı coğrafyalardan insan hareketliliğinin yoğun olduğu bir şehir olması sebebiyle, HCV genotip değişimlerinden farklı düzeyde etkilenmektedir. Bu değişimlerin düzenli takibi; tedavi seçimine yön vermesi ve prognozun belirlenmesinin yanısıra, yerel kontrol programlarının geliştirilmesi noktasında epidemiyolojik veriye katkı sağlaması açısından da önemlidir.

Purpose This study aimed to examine the long-term changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length (AxL), peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT), peripapillary ganglion cell layer – inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness, and peripapillary choroidal thickness (ChT) after rhGH replacement treatment in paediatric patients with IGHD, compared to healthy controls. Methods Twenty-two children with IGHD including 12 girls and 10 boys were enrolled in the study group, and 30 (16 girls, 14 boys) healthy children composed the control group. A detailed ophthalmological examination was performed for each participant. ACD, CCT, AxL, peripapillary RNFLT, GCL-IPL thickness and ChT measurements were performed before the rhGH replacement treatment and in the 12th month of the post-treatment period, as well as the corresponding visits in the control group. AxL ultrasound pachymetry (CCT), peripapillary RNFL thickness, peripapillary RNFLT, GCL-IPL thickness, and peripapillary ChT parameters were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results The mean age of the groups were similar (p = 0.143). 12-month CCT, ACD, and AxL measurements of the study group showed significantly higher results than the pre-treatment measurements (p = 0.005, p = 0.024, and p = 0.002, respectively). Similarly, the mean RNFLT and ChT measurements of the study group obtained from all sectors were significantly higher in the 12th-month visit (p 0.05 for all). However, all these parameters were similar at pre- and post-treatment visits in the control group (p > 0.05 for all). The mean pre-treatment values of all these parameters were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (p 0.05 for all), while the mean post-treatment values of all these parameters in both groups were similar at month 12 (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion GH replacement treatment in childhood may play an important role in the development of the neural retina and can be effective on the anterior segment, RNFLT and ChT measurements.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to describe rates, etiological agents of the secondary infections and its effect on clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A retrospective comparative analysis of the characteristics of patients with and without secondary infection was carried out among 150 hospitalized adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 via RT-PCR. Results: Among included patients, 20 (13.3%) had at least one secondary infection. Secondary infection rate in ICU patients (72%) was significantly higher than patients in the general ward (1.6%) (p

There are limited data regarding the correlation of clinical and pathologic parameters with mismatch repair (MMR) protein-deficient subgroups and methylation status. In this study, we analyzed the status of MMR proteins in resection specimens of 198 consecutive endometrial carcinomas and the methylation status in tumors with MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency. We, therefore, assessed the correlation of clinical and pathologic parameters with MMR protein-deficient subgroups. Univariate analysis revealed that deeper myometrial invasion and the presence of tumor-associated lymphocytes were more frequently observed in tumors with MMR protein deficiency ( P =0.023 and 0.001, respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only the presence of tumor-associated lymphocytes was significantly associated with MMR protein deficiency ( P =0.002, odds ratio=2.674, 95% confidence interval=1.418-5.045). We also compared MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency with other protein deficiency regarding clinical and pathologic parameters. Furthermore, we compared MLH1 methylated tumors with MMR protein-deficient nonmethylated tumors regarding clinical and pathologic parameters. MLH1 was methylated in 51 of 54 tumors with MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency. In univariate analysis, a larger tumor size was significantly associated with MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency and with MLH1 methylation ( P =0.004 and 0.005, respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a larger tumor size was significantly associated with MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency and MLH1 methylation ( P =0.002, odds ratio=14.222, 95% confidence interval=2.560-79.026, P =0.008, odds ratio=22.222, 95% confidence interval=2.220-222.395, respectively). Our results showed a slightly higher rate of MLH1 and PMS2 deficiency (34.3%) than in previous studies. This may likely be due to ethnic differences in frequency of various mutations.

Background: Further data on the causes of functional independence or disability after surgery are needed to explain the clinical decision-making process for older patients, their families, and policy-makers. There are a limited number of studies showing the relationship between kinesiophobia, functional status, pain and mobility in older adults after surgery. Aims: The study aims to investigate relationships among kinesiophobia, pain, mobility, and functional status in older adults after surgery. Methods: A comparative–descriptive and cross-sectional study. The research was conducted with 99 older adults in the general surgery clinic after surgery. A Visual Analogue Scale was used to evaluate pain levels, the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination to evaluate mental function status, the Functional Independence Measure to assess functional independence in daily activities, the Rivermead Mobility Index to evaluate basic mobility in daily life, and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia to assess fear of mobility. Results: Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between social security and kinesiophobia, and also between functional level and type of anesthesia and mental status in older women (R2 = ? 0.185, p = 0.005; R2 = ? 0.167, p = 0.011 and p = 0.005, respectively). Discussion: In the literature, there are no standardized procedures during the evaluation and rehabilitation of older adults after abdominal or thoracic surgery, etc. operations. This study will contribute to the current literature by attracting interest in this field and increasing the evaluations performed. Conclusions: The study findings emphasize the importance of evaluating the functional, mobility, mental and kinesiophobic status of older adults after surgery in clinics, rehabilitation centers, or research. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada İstanbul’da sağlık alanında (tıp, diş hekimliği, eczacılık, hemşirelik, ebelik, fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon, diyetisyenlik, odyoloji, sağlık yönetimi) yükseköğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin aşı tereddüdü düzeyini, dağılımını ve öğrenim yılına göre değişimini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışmamız bir anket çalışmasıydı ve belirlenen fakülte ve bölümlerde kayıtlı (T.C. Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi 2019 verilerine göre) 17.488 üniversite öğrencisinin %10’una ulaşmak hedeflendi. Anket Google Formlar® platformunda çevrimiçi olarak gerçekleştirildi.Bulgular: Çalışma toplam 1559 öğrenci içerdi. Öğrencilerin %15,1’i “Gerekli durumlarda (riskli maruziyet, rutin korunma) kendinize tereddüt etmeden aşı yaptırabiliyor musunuz?” sorusuna “Hayır” yanıtını verdi. Bu oranın öğrenim yılı arttıkça azaldığı görüldü (χ2=21,523; p

Introduction The Development of the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine and its update on an ongoing pandemic is the first subject of the world health agenda. Areas covered First, we will scrutinize the biological features of the measles virus (MV), variola virus (smallpox virus), influenza virus, and their vaccines to compare them with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and vaccine. Next, we will discuss the statistical details of measuring the effectiveness of an improved vaccine. Expert opinion Amidst the pandemic, we ought to acknowledge our prior experiences with respiratory viruses and vaccines. In the planning stage of observational Phase-III vaccine effectiveness studies, the sample size, sampling method, statistical model, and selection of variables are crucial in obtaining high-quality and valid results.

Amaç: Bu çalışma, asemptomatik kadınlarda farklı kontraksiyon yöntemlerinin pelvik taban kas fonksiyonu üzerine etkisini transabdominal ultrasonografi ile değerlendirmeyi amaçladı. Yöntem: Araştırmaya asemptomatik olduğu Global Pelvik Taban Rahatsızlık Anketi ile belirlenen ve gönüllü olan 120 kadın dahil edildi. Kadınların fiziksel ve sosyodemografik özellikleri kaydedildikten sonra fizyoterapist tarafından 1 saatlik eğitim verildi. Bu eğitimde dört farklı kontraksiyon yöntemi (pelvik taban kas kontraksiyonu, Hollowing in manevrası, korseleme manevrası, anal kontraksiyon) teorik ve pratik olarak öğretildi. Kadınların pelvik taban kas fonksiyonu transabdominal ultrasonografi altında değerlendirildi. Ölçümler her bir kontraksiyon için 3 kez tekrarlandı ve 3 ölçümün ortalaması analize alındı. Kontraksiyonların sıralaması rastgele yöntemle belirlendi. Sonuçlar: Kadınların kontraksiyon tipine göre pelvik taban kas fonksiyonu Tekrarlı Ölçümlerde Varyans Analizi testiyle karşılaştırıldığında fark olduğu bulundu (p=0,0001). Bu test sonuçlarına göre pelvik taban kas fonksiyonunun korseleme manevrasında en yüksek olduğu, bunu sırasıyla Hollowing in manevrası, pelvik taban kas kontraksiyonu ve anal kontraksiyonun takip ettiği saptandı. Tartışma: Kadınların pelvik taban kas fonksiyonunun korseleme manevrasında en yüksek, anal kontraksiyon tipinde ise en düşük olduğu bulundu. Pelvik taban kas eğitimi verilirken korseleme manevrasını içeren egzersizlerin öğretilmesinin pelvik taban kas fonksiyonunu artırmada daha etkili olabileceği düşüncesindeyiz.

Amaç: Onkolojik çalışmalarda çok sayıda sağkalım analiz yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Farklı veri yapıları için farklı modeller tercih edilir. İzotonik orantılı tehlike modeli bu yöntemlerden birisidir. Olayın gerçekleştiği zamana kadar geçen süre ile monotonik olarak artan ortak değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için izotonik modellerin kullanılması önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, izotonik modellerin teorik özelliklerini ve kullanım alanlarını açıklamak ve uygun bir veri seti üzerinde uygulamasını göstermektir. Yöntemler: İzotonik modellerin uygulanması için Seul Ulusal Üniversite Hastanesinde tedavi edilen meme kanseri hastalarına ait veriler kullanıldı. Tekrarlama riskinin modellenmesinde ER, PR, HER2 ve Ki-67 değişkenleri bağımsız risk faktörleri olarak kabul edildi. Tümör boyutu, modele ortak değişken olarak dahil edildi. Modellemede izotonik orantılı tehlike modeli kullanıldı. Model katsayılarının tahmini kısmi olabilirlik yöntemi ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Nüksetme üzerinde tümör boyutunun monoton artırıcı etkisi olduğu gözlendi. Ki-67 değeri arttıkça tekrarlama riskinin 1.008 kat arttığı belirlendi. ER ve PR negatifliğinin riski artırdığı, HER2 pozitifliğinin ise riski artırdığı gözlemlendi. Sonuç: Ortak değişkenin hastalık sürecini monoton artırıcı etkisinin olduğu durumlarda, ortak değişken ve olay arasındaki ilişkiler dikkate alınarak izotonik regresyon modeli kullanılabilir. Böylece, ortak değişken ile olay arasındaki monoton ilişkiyi hesaba katan fonksiyon, hayatta kalma analizine dahil edilecektir.

This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between the number of days elapsed since a country's first case(s) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the total number of tests conducted, and outbreak indicators such as the total numbers of cases, deaths, and patients who recovered. The study compares COVID-19 indicators among countries and clusters them according to similarities in the indicators.Descriptive statistics of the indicators were computed and the results were presented in figures and tables. A fuzzyThe highest numbers of COVID-19 cases were found in Gibraltar, Spain, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Italy were also of that order with about 1500 cases per million population. Spain and Italy had the highest total number of deaths, which were about 140 and 165 per million population, respectively. In Japan, where exposure to the causative virus was longer than in most other countries, the total number of deaths per million population was less than 0.5. According to cluster analysis, the total numbers of deaths, patients who recovered, and active cases were higher in Western countries, especially in central and southern European countries, which had the highest numbers when compared with other countries.There may be various reasons for the differences between the clusters obtained by fuzzy

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, multipl skleroz (MS) tanılı kadınların ve sağlıklı gönüllülerin alt üriner sistem semptomlarını karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya MS’li 48 kadın (ortalama yaş 41,13±10,93 yıl) ile sağlıklı 51 kadın (38,88±10,26 yıl) dahil edildi. Sosyodemografik özellikler kaydedildikten sonra alt üriner sistem semptomları Bristol Kadın Alt Üriner Sistem Semptomları İndeksi (BKAÜSSİ) ile, pelvik taban prob¬lemleri Pelvik Taban Distres Envanteri-20 (PTDE-20) ve Global Pelvik Taban Rahatsızlık Anketi (GPTRA) ile, aşırı aktif mesane semptomları Aşırı Aktif Mesane Anketi-V8 (AAM-V8) ile, yaşam kali¬tesi Multipl Skleroz Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi-54 (MSYKA-54) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: İki grubun BKAÜSSİ depolama, inkontinans ve yaşam kalitesi alt boyut ve toplam puan¬ları arasında anlamlı fark saptandı (p≤0,05). Üriner inkontinans şikayetleri, mikst üriner inkontinans sıklığı, pelvik taban problemleri ve aşırı aktif mesane semptomları MS’li kadınlarda sağlıklı kadınlara kıyasla daha yaygındı (p≤0,05). MS’li kadınların ortalama MSYKA-54 bileşik fiziksel ve mental sağ¬lık puanları sırasıyla 58,65±19,08 ve 63,68±20,48 idi, ortalama MSYKA-54 total sağlık puanları ise 122,33±36,2 olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç: MS’li kadınlarda alt üriner sistem semptomları daha yaygındır ve yaşam kalitesi olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Klinik değerlendirmelerde üriner inkontinans problemleri göz ardı edilme¬meli, alt üriner sistem semptomları da incelenmelidir

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of angular parameters, which are a part of mandibular morphometry, on gender assessment with the help of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: A total of 197 healthy adults, 100 females and 97 males, aged between 18-68 years were included in our study. Ten angular parameters of the mandible were evaluated using CBCT. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the gender for each of the age and angle measurements. In addition, the success of the angles in gender diagnosis was examined by a stepwise linear canonical differential analysis. Statistical significance level was accepted as p0.05). In order to eliminate the effect of age difference, a total of 11 variables including age were comprised in the model, and discriminant analysis was performed with the stepwise variable elimination method to select only the variables that could make significant gender discrimination. As a result of variable elimination, we found that the overall correct classification success of the discriminant function, which includes a total of 4 angles, sexually dimorphic right α angle, left Go angle, right β angle, and left α angle, was 71.5%. Conclusion: This study showed that among the angular parameters of the mandible, the left Go angle being the highest, the right α angle, right β angle and left α angles have sexual dimorphic properties, and gender estimation can be made with 71.5% overall accuracy with the discriminant function containing these parameters.

Objective: The amount of evidence suggests that the apoptosis marker M30-antigen (an antibody that recognizes the cytokeratin-18 fragment) has an association with hyperglycemia. Material and Methods: In this study, serum M30 levels of 145 patients diagnosed with prediabetes (n = 28) and type 2 diabetes, which was divided into four groups according to their HbA1c levels, were measured. The health control group (n = 24) was composed of healthy individuals. Serum concentrations of M30 antigen were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and expressed as mean ± SD. HbA1c concentration was determined by boronate affinity technology according to NGSP standards. Results: M30 levels were comparable in the healthy control group (64,39±3,9 U/L) and prediabetes group (82,07±13,7). Type 2 diabetes Groups A, B, C, and D had levels of 109,38±16 U/L, 117,46±14,3 U/L, 173,69±48,1 U/L, and 163,40±37,3 U/L, respectively. The analysis of the data has shown that serum levels of M30 in the control and prediabetes groups were significantly lower than Type 2 diabetes Groups C and D (p=0.043). When all groups were taken into consideration, a significant relationship was found between HbA1c and serum M30 levels (r=0.231, p=0.002). Conclusion: Apparently, the increase in glycemia is followed by a rise in the serum levels of the, suggesting that apoptosis occurs as a secondary effect immediately after hyperglycemia.

Objectives To determine the cochlea's average size in humans and evaluate the relationships between certain covariates and cochlear size. Methods A systematic search on articles on cochlear size and published in English was conducted using Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to September 15, 2020. Data were pooled using random-effects with three models. The effect of demographic, clinical, and measurement-related parameters was specifically analyzed. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted. The overall effect estimation was made for outcomes. Results The meta-analysis included 4,708 cochleae from 56 studies. The overall length of the organ of Corti was 32.94 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.51-33.38). The first and second models revealed that age, gender, country, continent, measurement method (direct, indirect), measured structure ("A" value, cochlear lateral wall), origin (in vivo, in vitro), and type (histology specimens, plastic casts, imaging) of the cochlear material did not affect the cochlear size. However, study populations (general population, patients with a cochlear implant, and patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss [CSNHL]) were found to affect the outcomes. Compared to the other populations, patients with CSNHL had shorter cochleae. Therefore, we developed a third model and found that the general population and patients with cochlear implants did not differ in cochlear size. Conclusion This meta-analysis investigated the factors that could affect the cochlear size and found that patients with CSNHL had significantly shorter cochleae, whereas other covariates had no significant effect. Laryngoscope, 2021.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of balneological outpatient treatment (hydrotherapy and peloidotherapy) on clinical status and serum cytokine levels in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Seventy-four patients with CLBP who accepted to participate to the study were randomly divided into two groups. The study group was given ten sessions (in 2 weeks) of hydrotherapy, peloidotherapy, and home exercise, while the control group was given only home exercise. All patients were assessed before and at the end of therapy, at the 1st and 3rd months. The primary outcomes were pain intensity on the visual analog scale (VAS) (VAS-pain, VAS-rest, VAS-exercise) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The secondary outcome measures included patient's and physician's global assessment (VAS-PGA), (VAS-DGA), finger-to-floor distance (FFD), modified Schober test, Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the use of analgesic drug. Venous blood samples were drawn from all patients before/1st day and after therapy/12th day to measure serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels. Significant improvement was observed in the study group in VAS-pain, VAS-rest, VAS-exercise, VAS-PGA, VAS-DGA, ODI, and SF-36 parameters after treatment and improvement maintained for 3 months. In the control group, significant improvement was observed in VAS-pain, VAS-exercise, VAS-PGA, VAS-DGA, and ODI scores on the 12th day and continued for 3 months. Decrease in pain, pain during rest and exercise, modified Schober test, VAS-PGA, VAS-DGA, ODI scores, and the increase in SF-36 pain and general health scores showed superiority in favor of the study group in all evaluations. There was a significant increase in IL-10 values from baseline at the end of treatment in the study group. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was significantly lower in the study group compared with the use of NSAID in the control group in the 3rd month. Balneological outpatient treatment improved clinical status in CLBP patients. Although no significant correlation was clearly determined between IL-10 levels and pain score, this effect might be related to the observed increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels that was observed only in the study group.

Objectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Methods The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p-values = 0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.9 ± 4.26 mm) than in females (41.04 ± 3.74 mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine.

Hyperglycaemia can alter placental resistance to blood flow and hyperglycaemia has adverse perinatal outcomes. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) increases the maternal plasma glucose levels temporarily and mimics metabolic hyperglycaemia. The blood flow of the uterine artery (UtA), umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) were assessed before, 1 and 2 h following the OGTT by using Doppler ultrasonography. Z-score of cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), pulsatility index (PI) for three vessels were evaluated separately. All measurements of the MCA, UA, UtA Doppler parameters were not statistically different for fasting, and 1 and 2 h following the 75 g OGTT in the 53 pregnant women with a singleton gestation in the low-risk group. This study results show that acute hyperglycaemia induced by OGTT has no effect on maternal and foetal Doppler parameters in healthy pregnancies.IMPACT STATEMENT

Objectives: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a degenerative musculoskeletal disease of unknown etiology, associated with morphological and functional deformities. The present study aimed to evaluate the angular parameters of the mandible in TMD patients with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 107 patients (54 in the TMD group and 53 in the control group) were included in the study. Ten angular measurements including right and left sides and 4 different length measurements were evaluated on CBCT images of both groups to eliminate individual differences. The differences between the two groups were examined using the significance test or Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for a detailed examination of the relationship between parameters. Results: The upper face width was significantly higher in the TMD group (p=0.004). After correcting for the upper face width value, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the right b angle values (p=0.001). The other differences were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The decrease in the right b angle in the TMD group can be interpreted as a result of the mechanical effect of masticatory muscle hyperactivity on the angular properties of the mandible in these patients

Objective:The COVID-19 outbreak has been threatening the entire world for approximately 4 months. Healthcare management is one of the most important precautions to be taken for the successful management of this epidemic. Evidence-based estimates are of great importance in solving these problems. In this study, as of the first week of April, we provide a description of Turkey according to the indicators of the COVID-19 outbreak in each city and an evaluation of the relationship between the population density of each province and the number of cases. Additionally, we calculate the change in the new case rate and aim to estimate the number of intensive care beds and the number of intubations needed on a day-to-day basis.Materials and Methods:The outbreak indicators and number of tests announced by the Ministry of Health of the Turkish Republic day-by-day were used. A Poisson regression model was used for data analysis. In addition, a new algorithm was proposed to estimate healthcare needs.Results:The relationship between urban density and the total number of cases was found to be statistically significant (r=0.464, p

Aim: To examine the effect of foot anthropometric measurements and body sizes of young male adults with normal posture on balance. Methods: In this study, the effect of body size and foot anthropometric measurements of 112 young male adults with normal posture on balance was investigated. The foot and body parameters of the cases were measured. The static and the dynamic balance tests were evaluated according to the dominant foot in each case. The parameters that affected balance were determined and the variables were taken to the model. In addition, the significance levels that defined the effects of the properties examined in relation with the balance were also calculated. Results: When the findings were evaluated, it was determined that the effect of the foot parameters other than the foot length, and the effect of 15 body parameters other than the biiliac diameter, trochanteric height, and right upper extremity length on balance performance was significant. The balance test performance was predicted with success ranging from 7.8% to 43% with the parameters included in the model. Conclusion: In this study, the fact that the relation between the foot anthropometric and body dimensions and functional balance performances of young male adults was found to be significant shows that this relation must be considered in the creation of a normative database on balance, and in clinical studies that will be conducted on the subject.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the linear and nonlinear relations between body composition measurements and weight in obese individuals with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) Method, which is one of the modern regression techniques, and to ensure the modelling and predictive use of the identified relations.

Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı genç erkeklerde bitrokanterik çap ve Flamingo denge testi performans düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlandı. Araştırmaya 18-25 yaş aralığında 96 sağlıklı genç erkek alınmıştır. Olguların beden kitle indeksi normal aralıkta 20-24,99 kg/m2 olmak üzere sınırlandırılmıştır. Olguların denge performansı Flamingo Denge Testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bitrokanterik çap ölçümü başta olmak üzere ayak parametreleri dijital kaliper kullanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Flamingo denge testi ile bitrokanterik çap arasındaki basit ve kısmi korelasyonlar Pearson korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmadan elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar sağlıklı genç erkeklerde bitrokanterik çap ve Flamingo denge testi performans düzeyi arasında, ayak parametreleri ve Beden Kitle İndeksi değerleri kontrol altına alınarak ve alınmayarak istatistiksel olarak incelendi. Flamingo denge testi ile bitrokanterik çap arasındaki ilişki her iki değerlendirmede de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını göstermiştir (p>0,05). Çalışmamızın sağlıklı erkek genç yetişkinlerde trokanterik çap parametresi ve Flamingo denge performansı biyomekaniği arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı bulunmaması ile bu sonuçların ışığında ileride yapılacak klinik araştırmaların planlanmasında katkı sağlayarak yararlı olabileceği kanısındayız., In this study, the purpose was to examine the relation between trochanteric diameter and Flamingo Balance Test performance levels in healthy young men. A total of 96 healthy young men between the ages of 18 and 25 were included in the study. The Body Mass Index of the cases was limited as 20-24.99 kg/m2 within normal range. The balance performance of the subjects was evaluated with Flamingo Balance Test. Foot parameters, especially trochanteric diameter measurements, were evaluated by using a digital caliper. Simple and partial correlations between Flamingo Balance Test and trochanteric diameter were evaluated with Pearson Correlation Analysis. The results of this study were examined statistically between trochanteric diameter and performance of Flamingo Balance Test in healthy young men, by controlling and not controlling the values of the feet parameters and Body Mass Index values. The relation between Flamingo Balance Test and trochanteric diameter was not statistically significant in both evaluations (p>0.05). We believe that our study might be useful in planning future clinical studies in the light of these results, as it was determined that there was no significant relationship between the trochanteric diameter parameter and Flamingo Balance Performance biomechanics in healthy male young adults.

Objective: The coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, causing the disease called COVID-19, spread more than 200 countries and continents end of the March. In this study, it was aimed to model the outbreak with different time series models and also predict the indicators. Materials and Methods: The data was collected from 25 countries which have different process at least 20 days. ARIMA(p,d,q), Simple Exponential Smoothing, Holt’s Two Parameter, Brown’s Double Exponential Smoothing Models were used. The prediction and forecasting values were obtained for the countries. Trends and seasonal effects were also evaluated. Results and Discussion: China has almost under control according to forecasting. The cumulative death prevalence in Italy and Spain will be the highest, followed by the Netherlands, France, England, China, Denmark, Belgium, Brazil and Sweden respectively as of the first week of April. The highest daily case prevalence was observed in Belgium, America, Canada, Poland, Ireland, Netherlands, France and Israel between 10% and 12%.The lowest rate was observed in China and South Korea. Turkey was one of the leading countries in terms of ranking these criteria. The prevalence of the new case and the recovered were higher in Spain than Italy. Conclusion: More accurate predictions for the future can be obtained using time series models with a wide range of data from different countries by modelling real time and retrospective data. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p.06-20

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Pilates exercise program on health-related quality of life, pain, functional level, and depression status in university students. Design and methods The exercise programs were carried out for 12 weeks. The scales of Nottingham Health Profile, Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Beck Depression Inventory were used at the baseline and after training. Findings Exercise should be encouraged to reduce pain and depression and improve the quality of life in healthy university students. Both Pilates and therapeutic exercises approach can be preferred. Practice implications The results of this study show the inability to identify clear different effects from therapeutic exercises on university students for Pilates exercises.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of risk factors on recurrence and death in breast cancer patients, taking into account the dependence between recurrence and death as well as the heterogeneity among individuals. The other aim of this study was to make predictions of death risks with a dynamic model that includes patient’s history and different horizons. Methods: The data of 465 patients who had undergone surgery at the Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey, between 2009 and 2016 were used. For data analysis in this retrospective study, the authors applied the joint frailty model, and the predictions were obtained using dynamic prediction methods that consider the patient’s history. The Brier score was used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimations. Results: A positive relationship was found between recurrence and death, and heterogeneity was found among patients (p

Giriş ve Amaç: COVID-19 salgın sürecinde, Türkiye’ de vaka sayısının hızlı artış periyoduna girdiği bu günlerde, sunulan sağlık hizmetlerindeki ihtiyaçların ve özellikle hayati önem taşıyan hasta ihtiyaçlarının kanıta dayalı öngörüsü büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, karşılaştırmalı olarak iki farklı model yardımıyla yoğun bakım yatak ve solunum cihazı sayılarının öngörülmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Veriler, Gompertz ve Zaman serileri modelleri ile incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmada kullanılan modellerin öngörü başarıları benzer bulundu. Ancak modellemede kullanılan veri sayısının az olması nedeniyle (13 gün) sadece 1 haftalık öngörüler verildi. Gompertz modeline göre 6 Nisan’ da öngörülen toplam yoğun bakım yatak sayısı 1474 iken zaman serisi modelinde 1485 bulundu. Aynı tarihte ihtiyaç duyulacak solunum cihazı sayısı Gompertz modeline göre 1000, zaman serisi modeline göre 1004 olarak hesaplandı.Sonuç: Veri sayısı (gün sayısı) 30’ un üzerine çıktığı zaman kullanılan matematiksel modeller, eğilimi daha iyi yakalayacağı için ileriye dönük uzun süreli tahminlerdeki başarıları artacaktır., Introduction and Aim: Because the number of coronavirus cases has increased day by day in Turkey, , evidence-based prediction of the needs in the provision of health services and particularly critical/seriously patient needs is of paramount importance. In this study, it was aimed to predict the number of intensive care beds and breathing apparatus with the help of two different models.Materials and Methods: Data were analyzed with Gompertz and Time series models.Results: The forecasting of the models used in the study were found similar. Since a few data are used in model development (13 days), only 1 week forecasts were given. While the total number of intensive care beds according to the Gompertz model on April 6 was 1474, this number was forecast as 1485 in the time series model. The number of ventilators that will be needed on the same date was 1000 according to the Gompertz model and 1004 according to the time series model.Conclusion: When the number of data (days) exceeds 30, the mathematical models used will increase the success in the future long-term forecasts as they will better catch the trend.

As of March 19, 2020, the worldwide spread of positive cases and news of death as a result of COVID-19 infection, which covers more than 170 countries, is followed with concern. There has been a lot of information accumulation in social media and internet. The aim of this study is to present statistical information summarizing the general structure about the effects and process of infection in all countries of the world in the light of the data obtained and to model the daily change of infection criteria. When the obtained results are evaluated, the cumulative (cumulative) number of positive cases, cumulative number of deaths and some other criteria are not the same of course depending on the country, the process is one of the most well-control countries, Germany and South Korea came from, Turkey 'of the process, the first 10-day period as It was observed that it was similar to the countries with fast spread. In addition to Turkey, 20 to 29 March 2020 the number of positive cases that may arise between and when the cumulative number of deaths is estimated the maximum number of positive cases as of March 20 around 550, while the cumulative death toll of 11 would be ,current measurement 4, is provided.

International audience; BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis is an emerging aggressive mold infection. This study aimed to assess the outcome of hospitalized adults with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). The secondary objective was to identify prognostic factors in this setting. METHODS: This study was an international, retrospective, multicenter study. Patients’ data were collected from 29 referral centers in 6 countries. All qualified as "proven cases" according to the EORTC/MSGERC criteria. RESULTS: We included 74 consecutive adult patients hospitalized with ROCM. Rhino-orbito-cerebral type infection was the most common presentation (n = 43; 58.1%) followed by rhino-orbital type (n = 31; 41.9%). Twenty (27%) had acquired nosocomial bacterial infections. A total of 59 (79.7%) patients (16 in combination) received appropriate antifungal treatment with high-doses of liposomal amphotericin B. Fifty-six patients (75.7%) underwent curative surgery. Thirty-five (47.3%) required intensive care unit admission (27; 36.5% under mechanical ventilation). Hospital survival was 56.8%, being reduced to 7.4% in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. A multivariate binary backward logistic regression model identified confusion at admission (OR 11.48), overlapping hospital-acquired infection (OR 10.27), use of antifungal treatment before diagnosis (OR 10.20), no surgical debridement (OR 5.92), and the absence of prior sinusitis (OR 6.32) were independently associated with increased risk for death. CONCLUSION: Today, ROCM still has high mortality rate. Improving source control, rational therpy, and preventing nosocomial infections may improve survival in this severe infection.

The positive relationship between aerobic capacity and cognitive performance is well known, but there is little information regarding young adults. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypothesis that aerobic capacity (VO2max) correlates with cognitive and academic performance in medical students who have higher academic achievement with academic performance. We included 65 volunteer medical students who were in term 2/6 in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. Body composition and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and cardiopulmonary exercise test results of all participants were analyzed. Lumosity application with 6 categories of cognitive tests was applied to evaluate cognitive performance. The university entrance exam scores of the students were taken into consideration to assess their academic performance. We observed a significant "positive" relationship between aerobic capacity and some domains of cognitive performance, especially problem solving (p0.05), but we did not find a significant relationship between aerobic capacity and academic performance. Consequently, although we confirmed the existence of a positive effect of high aerobic capacity on cognitive performance stated in the literature, we couldn't confirm this for all cognitive domains or academic performance. These results suggest that more comprehensive studies on this subject are needed.

Introduction:Although vaccines are the safest and most effective means to prevent and control infectious diseases, the increasing rate of vaccine hesitancy and refusal (VHR) has become a worldwide concern. We aimed to find opinions of parents on vaccinating their children and contribute to available literature in order to support the fight against vaccine refusal by investigating the reasons for VHR on a global scale.Methodology:In this international cross-sectional multicenter study conducted by the Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI), a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used to determine parents' attitudes towards vaccination of their children.Results:Four thousand and twenty-nine (4,029) parents were included in the study and 2,863 (78.1%) were females. The overall VHR rate of the parents was found to be 13.7%. Nineteen-point three percent (19.3%) of the parents did not fully comply with the vaccination programs. The VHR rate was higher in high-income (HI) countries. Our study has shown that parents with disabled children and immunocompromised children, with low education levels, and those who use social media networks as sources of information for childhood immunizations had higher VHR rates (p < 0.05 for all).Conclusions:Seemingly all factors leading to VHR are related to training of the community and the sources of training. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies at a global level and provide reliable knowledge to combat VHR.Keywords:Vaccine hesitancy; parents; vaccine refusal.Copyright (c) 2022 Yakup Cag, Mohammad Emad al Madadha, Handan Ankarali, Yasemin Cag, Kubra Demir Onder, Aysegul Seremet-Keskin, Filiz Kizilates, Rok Civljak, Ghaydaa Shehata, Handan Alay, Sevil Alkan-Ceviker, Fatma Yilmaz-Karadag, Meliha Cagla-Sonmezer, Manar Ezzelarab Ramadan, Dumitru Irina Magdelena, Ljiljana Betica Radic, Jurica Arapovic, Fatma Kesmez-Can, Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed, Oladapo Babatunde Campbell, Gulden Eser-Karlidag, Reham Khedr, Mehmet Emirhan Isik, Michael Mihailov Petrov, Roxana Cernat, Umran Erturk, Yesim Uygun-Kizmaz, Eva Huljev, Fatma Amer, Mehmet Resat Ceylan, Andrea Marino, Gulnur Kul, Tuba Damar-Cakirca, Yara Mohsen Khalaf, Arzu Cennet Isik, Olumuyiwa Elijah Ariyo, Ismail Necati Hakyemez, Rezaul Karim Ripon, Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh, Emine Kubra Dindar-Demiray, Osasona Oluwadamilola Gideon, Maya Belitova, Mustafa Altindis, Rehab El-Sokkary, Recep Tekin, Mohammed Ahmed Garout, Joanna Zajkowska, Farhan Fazal, Muhammed Bekcibasi, Mirsada Hukic, Summiya Nizamuddin, Serkan Surme, Ricardo Fernandez, Amani El-Kholy, Nasim Akhtar, Saadia Ijaz, Andrea Cortegiani, Meliha Meric-Koc, Hakan Hasman, Agah Victor Maduka, Jehan Ali ElKholy, Sema Sari, Mumtaz Ali Khan, Yasemin Akin, Sukran Kose, Hakan Erdem.

To investigate the effects of different doses of esculetin on epileptiform activity, behavioral seizures, memory impairment, and cortical and hippocampal NF-κB, as a mediator of pro-inflammatory gene induction, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in penicillin- and pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure models in rats.Different doses of esculetin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), and diazepam (5 mg/kg) as a positive control, were tested in penicillin- and pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure models. In the PTZ model, cognitive function, behavioral seizures, and cortical and hippocampal pro-inflammatory biomarkers and survival factor was evaluated. In the penicillin model, the frequency and amplitude of electrophysiological epileptiform activity were assessed.In the PTZ model, the 10 mg/kg esculetin displayed anticonvulsant effects by extending onset-times of myoclonic-jerk and generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and by diminishing seizure severity and duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. It also ameliorated PTZ-induced cognitive impairment, and cortical and hippocampal activin-A, IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB levels. In the penicillin model, the 10 mg/kg esculetin decreased the frequency of spikes without changing the amplitude of spikes. As a positive-control, diazepam reversed all changes induced by both PTZ and penicillin.Esculetin exhibits anticonvulsant and memory-improving effects by alleviating the behavioral and electrophysiological characteristics of epileptic seizures. Additionally, esculetin exerts anti-neuroinflammatory actions in the PTZ-induced seizures model. Thus, esculetin may be a multi-targeted promising agent with anticonvulsant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects in the treatment of epilepsy.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are highly expressed in brain and alterations in their levels have been shown in many neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence has shown that lncRNAs play role in the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and it can be used as a potential therapeutic target for the disease. In this study, we aimed to detect whether the serum expression levels of four candidate lncRNAs; H19, GAS5, HAR1B and LINC01783 are related with the clinical findings and treatment of PD or not. 83 patients and 50 healthy controls, matching in age and gender, are included in this study. We assessed how severe the disease is, by using the Hoehn Yahr (HY) staging and the Unified PD rating scale (UPDRS). Venous blood samples were taken from the participants. Serum samples were centrifuged and stored at -80°C until analysis. Expression levels of these lncRNAs were analyzed by a real-time PCR instrument in the laboratory. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS program. There was no significant difference between the PD patients and healthy controls in these lncRNAs serum levels. Age, gender, education level, presence of hypertension, type of onset of the disease and predominance of the right and left side, disease duration and treatment did not differ in lncRNA expression levels. Solely, there was a significant negative correlation between GAS5 and HY and UPDRS scores. Patients with family history had significantly higher levels of LINC01783. This is the first comprehensive study on lncRNAs in Turkish patients with PD. If any altered expression levels of these four lncRNAs were shown in the serum, it would provide an easy way to analyze underlying pathogenesis of the disease and contribute the possible biomarkers of PD.

Background: In this cross-sectional, international study, we aimed to analyze vector-borne and zoonotic infections (VBZI), which are significant global threats. Method: VBZIs’ data between May 20–28, 2018 was collected. The 24 Participatingcountries were classified as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income. Results: 382 patients were included. 175(45.8%) were hospitalized, most commonly in Croatia, Egypt, and Romania(P = 0.001). There was a significant difference between distributions of VBZIs according to geographical regions(P < 0.001). Amebiasis, Ancylostomiasis, Blastocystosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, Toxoplasmosis were significantly more common in the Middle-East while Bartonellosis, Borreliosis, Cat Scratch Disease, Hantavirus syndrome, Rickettsiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Salmonellosis in Central/East/South-East Europe; Brucellosis and Echinococcosis in Central/West Asia; Campylobacteriosis, Chikungunya, Tick-borne encephalitis, Visceral Leishmaniasis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis in the North-Mediterranean; CCHF, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Dengue, Malaria, Taeniasis, Salmonellosis in Indian Subcontinent; Lassa Fever in West Africa. There were significant regional differences for viral hemorrhagic fevers(P < 0.001) and tick-borne infections(P < 0.001), and according to economic status for VBZIs(P < 0.001). The prevalences of VBZIs were significantly higher in lower-middle income countries(P = 0.001). The most similar regions were the Indian Subcontinent and the Middle-East, the Indian Subcontinent and the North-Mediterranean, and the Middle-East and North-Mediterranean regions. Conclusions: Regional and socioeconomic heterogeneity still exists for VBZIs. Control and eradication of VBZIs require evidence-based surveillance data, and multidisciplinary efforts.

Background There are major health benefits of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy, yet there is scant data about a woman's knowledge and understanding of these benefits globally. Design and Methods We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates concerning exercise. We wanted to investigate why some women exercise while others do not exercise during pregnancy. We used a cross-sectional study using a paper-based questionnaire involving pregnant women at antenatal clinics in the Dubai health Authority. The Modified form of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) was adapted in both Arabic and English and used in this study. Results Women aging 25-35 that had a higher educational level, were employed, having 1 or 2 previous pregnancies, and having better knowledge on the benefits of Physical Activity (PA) during pregnancy had better exercise profiles. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the majority of the women that participated in our study were shown to have low PA during pregnancy. Better education and communication of the benefits of PA during pregnancy are needed to improve exercise among pregnant women in the UAE population. We found that improved education of women specific to PA with involvement of a healthcare provider were associated with an increase in PA during pregnancy.