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High positivity rate of COVID-19 in Indonesia leads to the creation of government policies to limit human mobility. One of the sectors most affected by these policies is the tourism sector. In 2019, tourism sector contributed approximately US$ 15 billion. However, income from this sector has fallen by up to 90% due to the sharp decrease of tourist arrivals during the pandemic. One of the tourism sectors that has experienced a significant impact due to COVID-19 is community based tourism especially water-based tourism. This study examines adaptation policies taken by the community-based tourism sector, namely Umbul Ponggok and Tawangmangu in response to the pandemic. In this research, we adopt the IPCC definition of climate adaptation. IPCC defines adaptation as special acts, systematic change, as well as institutional reform induced by the volatility of climate. We are particularly interested in how community-based tourism sector restructures and reorganizes its operation and how they mobilises local community to support its adaptation policies. We conclude that, similar to Tompkins and Adger (2004) account on adaptation policy, adaptive capacity can vary between regions and even households. Therefore, adaptation policies require strategies and management approaches that are flexible and inclusive and consider the varied characters of communities and individuals.

Since January 2014, the Indonesian government has implemented national health insurance (NHI) policy which aims to achieve universal health coverage by 2019. Through the new insurance scheme, hospitals are obliged to reform its pharmacy management practices by following national formulary and implementing e-catalogue. However, researches on pharmacy management under the NHI suggests that hospitals as the forefront of health services have limited resources to manage competing interests that hamper the reform. In this paper we examine local hospitals' governing strategies and adaptations to implement the reform. Through extensive in-depth interviews with hospital managers, doctors and staffs at the hospitals pharmacy units in government hospitals in Central Java, we demonstrate the importance of collaborative governance in health care reform including pharmacy management. From the cases, we argue that the national's policy reform is only effective when hospitals' leaderships are able to create collaboration among stakeholders. Trust to leadership plays a crucial role in establishing organizational change including mitigating negative responses from actors that losing financial benefits due to the reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]