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Background: Coccidiosis is one of the most economically significant poultry diseases worldwide, caused by the pathogenic Eimeria species, and is characterized by decreased weight gain and failure to grow due to malabsorption, low feed conversion rate, bloody diarrhea, and dehydration. Aim: This study investigated the effectiveness of licorice root extract (LRE) in controlling cecal coccidiosis to determine whether its combination with maduramicin could help alleviate the pathological, biochemical, and histopathological effects of cecal coccidiosis in Sasso broiler chicks. Methods: A total of 125 one-day-old Sasso broiler chicks were categorized into five equal groups (n=25), each consisting of five replicates (n= 5 per replicate). (G1-LE) received a basal diet supplemented with LRE (3 g/kg); (G2-ME) received a basal diet containing maduramycin (0.5 g/kg); (G3-LME) received a basal diet containing LRE and maduramicin together with the same rates. G4-E (positive control) and G5-N (negative control) received no additives in their feed. Birds in groups (G1-4) were challenged on day 14 of the experiment orally intercropping a 1 ml suspension of Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts. Results: Groups of birds fed on LRE and maduramicin separately or together appeared to be in good condition where no deaths or clinical abnormalities were observed, based on the analysis of clinicopathological examination. Compared with the G4-E positive control, the dropping scoring and oocyst shedding of groups G1-LE, G2-ME, and G3-LME along the 10th-day post-challenge (dpc), as well as macroscopic and microscopic lesions scoring at the 7th dpc, was considerably lower. The dual supplementation use of LRE and maduramicin in G3-LME's reduced the harmful effects of coccidian, which appeared only as a mononuclear cellular infiltration and a small number of oocysts invading the intestinal glands. Molecular docking revealed that LRE and maduramicin interacted with E. tenella DNA polymerase, E. tenella apical membrane antigen 1, and microneme protein binding sites resulting in reduced E. tenella replication and invasion. Conclusion: The inclusion of LRE and maduramicin, individually or in combination, in the diet might effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of coccidiosis. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(1.000): 225-241]

Previously, a series of 2-phenoxy-benzo[g]triazoloquinazolines 1–16 were synthesized and fully characterized. The antioxidant activity of the target molecules 1–16 was evaluated using three different assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power capability (RPC). The results revealed that some benzotriazoloquinazolines showed good activity and have the capacity to scavenge free radicals. In particular, compounds 1 and 14 have shown the highest activity. The butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) used as standard agent.Density functional theory was carried out to explain the relative importance of CO, CS and NH groups on the radical scavenging activity of the target benzotriazoloquinazolines. The finding in present study shows that the active compounds can be used as template for further development of more potent antioxidant agents. Keywords: Benzotriazoloquinazolines, DPPH, BHT, DFT, Antioxidant capacity