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Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer and the current methods for the prediction of its prognosis and treatment response are unfortunately suboptimal. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of p53, Pirh2, and L1CAM in 60 cases of EC using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction. TP53 missense mutations result in nuclear accumulation of p53 protein that can be detected as overexpression by IHC. This is in the form of diffuse strong nuclear positivity involving at least at least50% of the tumor cells as a whole or if50% of the tumor cells of a discrete geographical areas. Abnormal p53 IHC expression was expressed in 33.3% of the cases and significantly associated with the tumor grade, myometrial invasion (MI), lymphovascular invasion (LVSI), nodal metastasis, and FIGO stage, and the advanced European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) risk groups ( P0.001 for each). High IHC Pirh2 expression was noted in 58.3% of the cases, and significantly associated with MI, LVSI, nodal metastasis, FIGO stage, and high-risk group ( P0.001, P =0.011, P =0.010, P =0.024, P =0.005, respectively). There was a significant upregulation of Pirh2 mRNA expression in EC specimens as compared with the control adjacent tissues ( P =0.001). Upregulated Pirh2 mRNA expression had a significant association with Pirh2 immunostaining, tumor grade, tumor stage, MI, lymph node involvement, LVSI, and relapse ( P0.001 for each). Positive L1CAM immunoexpression was noted in 26.7% and was significantly associated with grade, MI, LVSI, nodal metastasis, FIGO stage, and high-risk group ( P =0.003, P =0.023, P =0.003, P0.001, P0.001, P =0.002, respectively). Analysis of follow-up period revealed that EC with abnormal p53 IHC expression, high pirh2 and positive L1CAM expression exhibited a potent relation with tumor relapse, shorter overall survival and disease-specific survival ( P0.001 for each). Mutant p53, high Pirh2, and L1CAM-positive EC are highly aggressive tumors with a shortened survival rate, dismal outcome, and high risk of relapse after the standard protocol of therapy.

Background: Mobile-based nursing intervention is a trial to enable children to be safe during the COVID-19 epidemic especially those children with chronic kidney disease and who have no immunity. Now days using mobile becomes a part of universal technology for improving the care of children with such conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mobile-based nursing intervention on preventive measures of COVID-19 among children suffering from chronic kidney diseases. Design: A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Sample: A purposive sample including 70 children suffering from chronic kidney diseases with predetermined criteria (receive regular kidney dialysis, have no history of previous COVID-19 or previous kidney disease complications and well-being mental health) setting: The study was conducted at the Pediatric Kidney Dialysis Unit at Sohag University Hospital. Tools for data collection: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data concerning characteristics of the studied children (pre/posttest questionnaire) as well as to assess the level of child knowledge regarding mobile intervention, preventive measures of COVID-19 and dialysis therapy, a checklist to assess reported practice as regards preventive measure of COVID-19. And Mobile-based nursing intervention which had been designed by the researchers. Results: There was a statistically significant difference towards using mobile-based nursing intervention in the area of children's knowledge and practice about COVID-19 preventive measures at post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. Conclusion: Mobile-based nursing intervention had a positive effect on improving preventive measures of COVID-19 among children suffering from chronic kidney diseases. Recommendations: apply mobile-based intervention in other pediatric kidney dialysis units and hospitals to achieve a better preventive measure of COVID- 19 among children with chronic disease.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability in adults and elderly. Chronic complications arising from this disease have impact on the affected patients' reduced self- efficacy. Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of caregiver training program on stroke patient's self-efficacy. Quasi-experimental design was utilized. Setting: The study conducted in the departments and outpatient clinics of neuropsychiatric diseases and neurosurgery hospital at Assiut University Hospitals. Sample: Caregivers and their patients admitted to neuropsychiatric diseases and neurosurgery hospital, during 6 months (equal number of 125 for both). Tools: Include four tools. Tool 1 structured interview questionnaires. Tool II: Caregivers’ knowledge about stroke. Tool III: Caregivers' practices regarding stroke patients' care. Tool IV: Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ). Results: 95.2% of caregiver's have unsatisfactory knowledge about stroke in pre-program, compared to 84.8% and 76.0% have satisfactory knowledge at post program and follow up; respectively. Also, caregiver practices levels of patient's care were 100% inadequate in pre-program. These levels improved to adequate practice in post program and follow up (72.0% & 75.2%); respectively. A statistically significant difference of stroke patient's self-efficacy through training program p =0.000. Conclusion: A caregivers training had a positive effect on stroke patient's self‐efficacy. Recommendations: Continues caregivers training regarding care of stroke patients.

Understand the women with cancer about knowledge and practices regarding their nutrition are very important to maintain healthy body weight and eat nutritious foods. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate the effect of instructional guidelines on women's awareness regarding nutrition after breast cancer surgery. Subjects and method: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used with a pre-and post-test. Setting: the research was conducted at the inpatient and outpatient clinic of Fayoum Oncology Center. Subjects: A purposive sample of 130 women was included. Three tools were used: Tool (I) women' structured interviewing questionnaire, it included two parts: (a) demographic characteristics; (b) women' medical data, Tool (II) women' knowledge regarding nutrition sheet, and Tool (III) women' practice regarding nutrition sheet (pre/post). Results: More than half of women were having a family history of cancer. The majority of women reported that the main source of information regarding nutritional knowledge after breast cancer surgery was doctors. There was a positive correlation (P=0.005) between women's knowledge scores and their practice post-one-month nutritional instructional guidelines implementation. There were marked improvements in women's knowledge and practices regarding nutrition after breast cancer surgery post instructional guidelines implementation (P=0.005). Conclusion: The instructional guidelines implementation regarding nutrition had a positive effect on improving women's knowledge and practices after breast cancer surgery. Recommendations: The instructional guidelines should be conducted regularly for women after breast cancer surgery to discuss and teach them different aspects about nutrition and replication of the current study with a larger sample

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a progressive respiratory disease that has a significant effect on the patient’s ability to work and the quality of life. Dyspnea is considered one of the most common health problems among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Aim: To compare the effect of mouth mask versus pursed lip breathing for dyspnea and pulmonary function among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to achieve this study. Sample: Included purposive sample of 50 adult patients were recruited and divided into two groups as a group (1) refers to mouth mask group (n=25) and group (2) which refers to pursed-lip breathing (n=25). Setting: The study was applied in the form of outpatient chest clinic Fayoum University Hospital. Tools of data collection included (1) Socio-demographic questionnaire, (2) Measurement of pulmonary function tests sheet, (3) Measurement of the sensation of breathlessness (dyspnea) by: Dyspnea index, (4) The 3-min step test, (5) Assessment of health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient questionnaire, and (6) Mouth mask. Results: It revealed that there was a significant improvement and increase in forced vital capacity FVC, forced expiratory volume in one second FEV 1, and FEV1 /FVC post-intervention compared with pre-intervention. There was a decrease in dyspnea index post- mouth mask intervention group more than pursed-lip breathing group; there is improvement in the CAT score questionnaire pre and post-intervention. There was a significant decrease in dyspnea index pre and post 3min step test post-intervention. Conclusion: The results concluded that a mouth mask was effective for COPD patients to improve dyspnea, while pursed-lip breathing has a minimal effect on improving dyspnea. There was an improvement in the COPD Assessment Test Questionnaire (CAT) score questionnaire and Dyspnea index in COPD patients. Recommendation: Applying mouth mask intervention is recommended to control dyspnea and improve ventilatory functions among COPD patients.

There is a great demand to introduce new approaches into cancer treatment field due to incidence of increased breast cancer all over the world. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of imatinib mesylate (IM) and/or hesperidin (HES) nanoparticles alone or in combination in enhancing the anticancer activity and to investigate the ability of nanoencapsulation to reduce cardiotoxicity of IM in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)-bearing mice. IM and HES were loaded into PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer. SEC was induced in female albino mice as a model for experimentally induced breast cancer. Mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 10). On day 28 from tumor inoculation, mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes for hematological studies, biochemical determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels. In addition, tumor and cardiac tissues were utilized for histopathological examination as well as determination of MDR-1 gene expression. Immunohistochemical staining of BAX and BCL-2 was done. Nano IM- and/or Nano HES-treated groups showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, weight, hematological, cardiac markers, and tumor MDR-1 gene downregulation compared to free conventional treated groups. In conclusion, the use of HES as an adjuvant therapy with IM could improve its cytotoxic effects and limit its cardiac toxicity. Furthermore, nanoencapsulation of IM and/or HES with PLGA polymer showed a remarkable anticancer activity.

Cervical pain is a common condition in the elderly population. It affects the physical health status in persons over 65 years and interferes with their daily activities. Study Aim: Evaluate the efficacy of posture awareness and neck exercise program on reducing cervical pain among elderly patients. Subject & method: Quasi-experimental research design was used. The study was conducted in outpatient clinic of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department at Assiut University Hospital. The total sample size was 189 elderly. Two tools were used. The 1st tool: An interview sheet including personal characteristics, medical history and elderly knowledge, the 2nd tool: The Northwick Park Neck Pain scale and jury were done by 3 expertise in erotological nursing. Results: The present study showed that the majority of studied patients aged (60 - < 65) years, with mean age 62.48± 3.43 and there was a highly significant difference between pre and post-program of both isometric neck exercises and good neck posture (p=0.0001). Conclusion: It was concluded that isometric neck exercises and good neck posture are effective in the management of neck pain in elderly population. Recommendation: Implementation of isometric exercise and good neck posture among elderly population should be expanded as a community based intervention.

BackgroundPalliative care is comprehensive supportive care addressing the suffering, pain, discomfort, symptoms, and stress of cancer and any serious life-threatening disease. It is a key part of care for our children living with cancer and is an important source of support for their families. The study aimed to assess the perception of pediatric oncology family care providers toward palliative care and its perceived barriers in Egypt.MethodTotal number of 500 oncology children's family care providers was recruited. A descriptive research design was utilized. Researchers used three tools as Structured Interview Questionnaire to assess the participants' knowledge and perceived barriers, Attitude toward palliative care Likert Scale, and Reported Practices Observational Checklist. The study was conducted in outpatient cancer clinics affiliated with El-Nasr governmental hospital located at Port Said governorate.Results51.8% of the total oncology children's family care providers had sufficient knowledge, 78.6% had a positive attitude, while,76.8% of them had inappropriate Practice towards palliative care.Significance of resultsThe pediatric oncology family care providers had sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude toward palliative care, but their practices were inappropriate. Also, the majority of participants identified Lack of family care providers training in pediatric palliative care and improper communication between the health team and family care providers as the main barriers to providing palliative care to children. Providing a palliative care training program for family caregivers through continuing professional development is highly recommended besides further research studies using large probability samples at different settings.

A human is exposed to a chemical mixture rather than a single chemical, particularly with the wide spread of nanomaterials. Therefore, the present study evaluated the combined exposure of lead acetate (Pb) and zinc oxide-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) compared to each metal alone on the thyroid gland of adult rats. A total of 30 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, group I (control), group II received Pb (10 mg/kg), group III received ZnO-NPs (85 mg/kg) and group IV co-administrated the two metals in the same previous doses. The materials were gavaged for 8 weeks. The toxicity was assessed through several biochemical parameters. Our results revealed significant body weight reduction relative to increased thyroid weights, decreased both of serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), tetra-iodothyronine (FT4), increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), increased serum and thyroid levels of Pb and zinc, significant elevation in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reduction in interleukin 4 (IL4), upregulation of Bax, and downregulation of Bcl-2 genes. Additionally, there was significant overexpression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), the elevation of tissues malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction of tissues total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and disruptive thyroid structural alterations in all metals groups with marked changes in the combined metals group. In conclusion, the combined exposure of Pb and ZnO-NPs induced pronounced toxic thyroid injury, pointing to additive effects in rats than the individual metal effects through different significant changes of disruptive thyroid structural alterations related to the loading of thyroid tissues with Pb and zinc metals producing oxidative stress that mediated inflammation and apoptosis.

The potentiation and activation of Wnt signaling pathways are now assumed to mediate the self-renewal and proliferation of colon cancer stem cells that are responsible for therapeutic resistance, tumor relapse, and metastasis. We aimed to evaluate LGR5, Prox1, and Notch1 immunohistochemical expression in stage II to III colon cancer. Their predictive role of tumor relapse, overall survival, and disease-free survival was statistically analyzed. Our results revealed that high LGR5 expression was identified in 56.7% of the patients, LGR5 expression was significantly associated with left-sided tumors (P

Now a day a high prevalence of unhealthy dietary intake habits, poor hygienic care, sedentary life as well as physical inactivity among secondary school adolescents is a major health concern. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of self-care education on lifestyle of secondary school students. Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was conducted during the years 2017-2018. Sample: The study sample included 200 students which selected randomly from two secondary schools at Port Said City. Tools for data collection: It included: A structured questionnaire was developed and designed by the researchers to collect data, it consisted of two parts: part (1): question related to age, dietary habits, hygienic care, sedentary life and bodily exercise, part (2): Assessment of anthropometric measurement. Results: Females were somewhat younger than Males, males were taller, obese and females had significantly lower mean of BMI than males. The studied sample had mean moderate -intensity physical activity and vigorous -intensity physical activity and poor hygienic care pre interventions which improved post implementation of education. Majority of secondary school students spent more than 4 hours on Mobile daily, which decreased significantly after the self-care education. The studied sample had poor dietary habits pre which corrected post implementation of education and there was highly statistically significant improvement (P ≤ 0.001).before training which increased after training (p < 0.05). The majority of them did not have breakfast, fruit, vegetables which were significantly improved after implementation of self-care education, p < 0.01. The studied sample had mean high sedentary time pre interventions which decreased post implementation of education and there was highly statistically significant improvement (P ≤ 0.001). Concerning sleep hours, there was highly statistically significant improvement (P ≤ 0.001) which increased post implementation of self-care education. Conclusions: Findings from the present study confirms that self-care education had positive effects on enhancement of healthy lifestyles such as practicing bodily exercise, personal hygiene, Lessing of sedentary life, promoting sleeping and eating habits of secondary school students. Recommendation: There is a crucial necessity for developing self-care education regarding healthful eating, lessening sedentary and encourage bodily activity, improving personal hygiene, promoting sleeping, and eating habits amongst secondary school students.

Constipation is a public health problem among elderly people and may lead to complications if left untreated. Aim: assess of functional constipation criteria among elderly. Research design: descriptive research design was used. Setting: This research was carried out in Assiut geriatric clubs. Sample: A study sample includes 200 elderly people. Tools: four tools have been used: 1st tool: included three parts: Part (1) socio-demographic data.Part (2) studied elderly medical history. Part (3):includes knowledge about constipation. 2nd tool:assessment functional constipationin elderly. 3rd tool includes two parts: Part (1) Assessment of constipation symptoms. Part (2):The standard diary 4th tool: contains two parts: Part (1): Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Part (2): 3-day food-recall diary. Results: The age of studied elderly mean± SD was 64.67±2.64. It was found that 72.5% of studied elderly had a functional constipation there was statistical significant between functional constipation, sitting, light activity and foods that help prevent constipation. Conclusion: Increase symptoms of functional constipation in elderly with low knowledge level of physical activity, fluids and fibers intake. Recommendations: Health education program for elderly with functional constipation about improve of physical activity and dietary intake.

Urinary incontinence is considered a stigmatizing condition in most populations, especially elderly people which contributes to poor quality of life. Aim: Assess quality of life among elderly suffering from urinary incontinence and evaluate the effect of behavioral intervention on Quality of Life of urinary incontinence elderly patients. Subject and method: A quasi-experimental pre and post-test design was utilized. It involved 73 elderly participants selected by simple random sample from outpatient clinics in urology and general hospital at Assiut University Hospitals. Three tools were utilized. 1st tool: An interview questionnaire sheet for collection of demographic data, medical and urology history, 2nd tool: Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID). 3 rd tool; International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Studied participants were evaluated at baseline and after three months of program. Results: A statistically significant P=0.001 was found between pre and post-test among elderly in terms of mean scores obtained from QOL domain of the ICIQ-SF was 9.49±1.48 and 5.9±2.1, respectively. Conclusions: Behavioral intervention program are effective in reducing severity of urinary incontinence. Given the study results, it is recommended that expand of public education efforts through various channels about importance of behavioral intervention for appropriate management of urinary incontinence among elderly.

Fear of falling (FOF) is a common health problem facing older adults. Investigating its predictors can help in prevention of fall and fear of falling. Objective: To determine the predictors of fear of falling among community dwelling older adults in Mansoura city. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Settings: The study was conducted in urban and rural areas affiliated to Mansoura city.Subjects: 528 older adults' residents in selected urban and rural areas using systemic random sample were included in the study. Tools: Four tools were used: Socio demographic and Clinical Data Structured Interview Schedule, Katz and Akpom Scale, the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), and Berge Balance scale. Results: FOF is prevailing among 64.4% of community dwelling older adults. FOF is higher among older adults with advanced age, females, chronic diseases, suffering from visual & hearing impairments, use of assistive devices and have moderate to high fall risk. Conclusion: Fear of falling was prevalent among community dwelling older adults. Recommendation: Assessment of fear of falling frequently and screening for those at higher risk of developing fear of falling and fall. Education programs should be implemented for elders in different sectors in Mansura.

The health benefits of physical activity and exercise are well documented and these effects could help elderly individual. This study aimed to assess stress level and implement Physical activities program to elevate stress among elderly women. Subjects and method: This study was conducted at geriatric clubs at Assiut city. The study included forty two elderly women randomly assigned to intervention Each elderly women was evaluated through bio socio demographic characteristics and Perception of life stressors questioners. Results showed that there were statistically significant improvement in pre and post physical activities program on stress level among elderly women. The study concluded that application physical activity program for elderly women with stress have significant therapeutic effect on stress symptom among elderly women. Recommendation: Physical exercises to be apart of activities of daily living for elderly women and health education for elderly women about important of regular Physical exercises.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is increasing globally. It is ranked as the second most common cancer in women and the third most in men. Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the development and spread of colorectal cancer. Angiogenesis has been proposed as a prognostic marker in a variety of human neoplasms. In this regard, markers of angiogenic endothelial cells are emerging as targets for cancer therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic impact of tumor angiogenesis assessed by microvessel density (MVD) counting using CD31 and CD105 along with VEGF immunostaining in colorectal cancer patients. VEGF, CD31, and CD105 expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 50 patients with colorectal cancer. The relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological factors and outcome of patients were analyzed. The VEGF expression (70% of the cases) correlated significantly with larger tumor size, higher grade, and advanced tumor stage (p = 0.006, p

The current study was designed to evaluate potential enhancement of the anticancer activity of imatinib mesylate (IM) with dipyridamole (DIP) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the combined therapy (IM/DIP) to reduce hepatotoxicity of IM in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)-bearing mice. SEC was induced in female albino mice as a model for experimentally induced breast cancer. Mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10): SEC vehicle, IM50 (50 mg/kg), IM100 (100 mg/kg), DIP (35 mg/kg), a combination of IM50/DIP and IM100/DIP. On day 28th, mice were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hematological studies. Biochemical determination of liver markers was evaluated. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were assessed. In addition, MDR-1 gene expression and immunohistochemical staining of BAX and BCL-2 was done. Also, in vitro experiment for determination of IC50 of different treatments and combination index (CI) were assessed in both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines. IM- and/or DIP-treated groups showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, weight, and serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, and AIP compared to vehicle group. In addition, reduction of VEGF, Ki67, and adenosine contents was also reported by treated groups. Also, IM/DIP combination showed lower IC50 than monotherapy. Combination index is less than 1 for IM/DIP combination in both cell lines. DIP as an adjuvant therapy potentiated the cytotoxic effect of IM, ameliorated its hepatic toxicity, and showed synergistic effect with IM in vitro cell lines. Furthermore, the resistance against IM therapy may be overcome by the use of DIP independent on mdr-1 gene expression.

Life threatening conditions characterized by renal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) such as kidney transplantation, partial nephrectomy, renal artery angioplasty, cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic bypass surgery, continue to be among the most frequent causes of acute renal failure. The current study investigated the possible protective effects of tadalafil alone and in combination with diltiazem in experimentally-induced renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Possible underlying mechanisms were also investigated such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Rats were divided into sham-operated and I/R-operated groups. Anesthetized rats (urethane 1.3g/kg) were subjected to bilateral ischemia for 30min by occlusion of renal pedicles, then reperfused for 6h. Rats in the vehicle I/R group showed a significant (p˂0.05) increase in kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) content; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; TNF-α and IL-1β contents. In addition significant (p˂0.05) increase in intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) content, BUN and creatinine levels, along with significant decrease in kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, marked diffuse histopathological damage and severe cytoplasmic staining of caspase-3 were detected. Pretreatment with combination of tadalafil (5mg/kg bdwt) and diltiazem (5mg/kg bdwt) resulted in reversal of the increased biochemical parameters investigated. Also, histopathological examination revealed partial return to normal cellular architecture. In conclusion, pretreatment with tadalafil and diltiazem combination protected against RIR injury.

BACKGROUND The treatment strategies of astrocytoma have not changed considerably due to the restricted appreciation of its biology. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the expression of the stem cell-related proteins (CD133 and Sox2) and their prognostic value in astrocytic glioma. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of CD133 and Sox2 in 40 patients with an astrocytic glioma of different grades was studied. The recorded data on the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and the response to the therapeutic protocol were collected and lastly analyzed. RESULTS CD133 expression was observed in 87.5% of the cases, while positive Sox2 expression was found in all the studied cases. There was a significant association of CD133 expression with the histological grade and the tumor size (p< 0.001). A significant association of Sox2 with the histological grade and the tumor size was noted (p= 0.004, p= 0.006 respectively). Up-regulation of both CD133 and Sox2 had a significant association with poor clinical response to the therapy (p< 0.001 for each). Shorter OS and PFS were related to CD133 and Sox2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Astrocytoma with CD133 and Sox2 overexpression had an unfavorable prognosis and poor clinical response to the current therapeutic protocol.

Worldwide, gastric carcinoma (GC) is the 5th most common malignancies in both sexes representing 6.8% of the total fatalities and is the 3rd leading cause of cancer death representing 8.8% of total fatalities. In Egypt, GC considers the 12th leading cause of cancer death representing 2.2% of the total cancer mortality. A growing body of evidence supports that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to chemotherapy or radiation, and the cell adhesion molecule CD44 has been identified as a cell surface marker associated with cancer stem cell in several types of tumors including gastric cancer. CD44 regulates gastric stem cell proliferation by increasing cyclin D1 expression which represents an important regulatory protein in the cell cycle transition from G1 phase to S phase. This study aimed to investigate whether cyclin D1 and CD44 can be used as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer. Forty formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded gastric tissues, obtained from patients who underwent endoscopic resection or surgical resection, constituted the group of our study. The immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 and CD44 was examined and correlated with clinical-pathological parameters and outcome of the patients. Overexpression of CD44 and cyclin D1 was noted (in of 55 and 50% respectively). Cyclin D1 and CD44 positive expressions in GC were positively correlated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.020, p = 0.004 respectively), TNM stage (p

Objective: The usage of Titanium Dioxide NanoParticles (TiO2NPs) on a large scale of applications was a reason of a variety of many health problems. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the immune toxic effects of short term administration of TiO2NPs on spleen. Material and Methods: Forty Adult male Rats were equally divided into four groups as follows: Group I: negative control, Group II: positive control, Group III: received TiO2NPs (1200 mg/kg) orally daily for 12 weeks. Group IV: follow up group received TiO2NPs by the same dose, route and for the same duration as TiO2NPs group and then they were left untreated for another 8 weeks. Total leukocytes, differential leukocytic counts, Interleukins IL-2 and IL-10 levels were measured, the spleen sections were examined immunohistochemically for the detection of CD4+ and iNOS expressing cells. Histopathological alterations in the spleen were also evaluated. Moreover, DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay. The results: TiO2NPs exposure for 12 weeks resulted in significant decreased in the total and deferential leukocytic counts, serum interleukins IL-2 as well as IL-10. It caused marked decrease in CD4+T-lymphocytes and increase in iNOS expressing cells indicating oxidative stress in spleen tissues. It also caused histopathological disruption of spleen architecture and produced DNA damage in splenocytes. Discontinuation of TiO2NPs administration for 8 weeks resulted in significant improvement of leukocytes, interleukins, increase in CD4+ T-lymphocytes and decrease in iNOS expressing cells in spleen tissues. Moreover, there was moderate improvement in histopathological alterations and DNA damage. Conclusion:TiO2NPs consumption have immunotoxic effects which may resulted from genetic damage and oxidative stress in the spleen of adult male albino rats which could be improved by its discontinuation for a period of time and it was recommended to increase the period of discontinuation as complete improvement may occur

Osteoarthritis is common joint disease affecting older people, causes disability and reduced life quality. Aim determine effect of self-efficacy management program on achieve and improvements of pain and physical health. Subjects and method: Systemic random sample of 80 elders aged 60 yrs and old, divided into two equal groups (study and control). This study conducted from end of July 2012 to end of August 2013 at orthopedic outpatient clinics of Assiut University Hospital. Assessment conducted at the beginning, then after 8th weeks and 6th months from training, study tools included structure interview questionnaire, SF-36 questionnaire, pain rating scale, timed upgo test and arthritis self-efficacy scale. Results: At posttest; 77.5% of study group had a poor physical health with not a statistically significant (P = 0,785) and 55.0% of them had fair mental health with a statistically significant (P = 0.043). Moreover, statistically significant difference (P < 0.022) observed between pre and post test among study group regarding time upgo test. Conclusion: Osteoarthritis knee program have a significant impact on elderly physical activity, However, post-test assessments of study group indicate that significant improvements regarding their self-efficacy. Recommendation: Osteoarthritis elders should participate in self-management programs and physical activity consistent with national guidelines.

Background: Aging represents a time of significant challenges as well as opportunities for growth. Resilience helps older adults adjust to ongoing demands of aging. Little is known, however, about individual factors that bolster resilience. This study examines the potential contribution of psychological wellbeing in building resilience in older adults.Methods: A sample of 150 community-dwelling older adults was recruited from elder clubs in Alexandria, Egypt. Participant interviews included measures of resilience, psychological wellbeing, as well as measures of physical and psycho-social functioning.Results: Psychological wellbeing and resilience were positively and strongly correlated (r = .70, p < .001). Resilience was significantly associated with five dimensions of psychological wellbeing: mastery of environment (r = .54, p < .001), self-acceptance (r = .53, p < .001), personal growth, and purpose in life (both r = .49, p < .001), and autonomy (r = .36, p < .001). A weak, but significant association was found with the sixth dimension, positive relationship with others (r = .29, p < .001). Adjusting for potential confounding variables, psychological wellbeing remained significantly associated with resilience (β = .59, p < .001). Mastery of environment (β = .23, p < .01), autonomy (β = .20, p < .01), personal growth (β = .19, p < .01), and purpose in life (β = .18, p < .01), were independently influenced resilience among older adults.Conclusions: The findings highlight the adaptive function of psychological wellbeing in boosting resilience among older adults. Nursing strategies to optimize resilience and psychological wellbeing among older adults are delineated.