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Addition of collagen during medial meniscal root repair (MMRR) may improve meniscal root healing minimising fibrous scar tissue formation. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of atelocollagen on MMRR using the modified Mason-Allen stitch when compared with that of the conventional pullout repair by assessing the clinical and radiological outcomes.It was hypothesised that atelocollagen would enhance the healing effect on the meniscal root following MMRR. Moreover, we presumed that MMRR with atelocollagen application might reduce meniscal extrusion by promoting healing.A total of 47 patients who underwent MMRR using the modified Mason-Allen stitch between 2015 and 2016 were included, and they were divided into group A (atelocollagen application; n=25) and group R (MMRR without atelocollagen application; n=22). The postoperative clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes, and meniscal root healing and medial compartment cartilage status on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared between the two groups.Mean follow-up duration was 26.4±4.8 months in group A and 27.1±5.2 months in group R (p=0.598). Mean duration from surgery to follow-up MRI was 12.5±1.4 months in group A and 12.7±1.2 months in group R (p=0.604). The subjective knee scores improved significantly in both groups at the last follow-up (all, p0.001). The Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade progressed in 16% and 22.7% in group A and group R, respectively (p=0.351). Follow-up MRI showed progression of cartilage loss in the medial compartment in 28% and 40.9% in group A and group R, respectively (p=0.355). In terms of meniscal root healing, 18 (72%) and 12 (54.5%) patients had complete healing, and 6 (24%) and 8 (36.4%) patients had partial healing in groups A and R, respectively. The mean value of the intra-meniscal signal intensity (IMSI) of the meniscal root based on MRI in group A was significantly lower than that in group R (p0.001). The medial meniscal extrusion in groups A and R decreased by 0.2±0.1mm and 0.1±0.3mm following MMRR without significant differences (p=0.056 and p=0.229, respectively). The IMSI presented significant negative correlations with the root healing status and significant positive correlations with K-L grade progression (p0.05).Atelocollagen application during MMRR yielded lower IMSIs, suggesting better healing, than did conventional pullout root repair. However, this technique could not demonstrate beneficial effects on meniscal extrusion.III, retrospective case-control study.

Introduction Addition of collagen during medial meniscal root repair (MMRR) may improve meniscal root healing minimizing fibrous scar tissue formation. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of atelocollagen on MMRR using the modified Mason–Allen stitch when compared with that of the conventional pull-out repair by assessing the clinical and radiological outcomes. Hypothesis It was hypothesized that atelocollagen would enhance the healing effect on the meniscal root following MMRR. Moreover, we presumed that MMRR with atelocollagen application might reduce meniscal extrusion by promoting healing. Materials and methods A total of 47 patients who underwent MMRR using the modified Mason–Allen stitch between 2015 and 2016 were included, and they were divided into group A (atelocollagen application; n = 25) and group R (MMRR without atelocollagen application; n = 22). The postoperative clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes, and meniscal root healing and medial compartment cartilage status on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared between the two groups. Results Mean follow-up duration was 26.4 ± 4.8 months in group A and 27.1 ± 5.2 months in group R (p = 0.598). Mean duration from surgery to follow-up MRI was 12.5 ± 1.4 months in group A and 12.7 ± 1.2 months in group R (p = 0.604). The subjective knee scores improved significantly in both groups at the last follow-up (all, p Discussion Atelocollagen application during MMRR yielded lower IMSIs, suggesting better healing, than did conventional pull-out root repair. However, this technique could not demonstrate beneficial effects on meniscal extrusion. Level of evidence III, retrospective case-control study.

Pulmonary embolism is a serious complication, which is well known in patients undergoing total hip or total knee arthroplasty or lower extremity fracture surgery. But, there are few literatures concerning pulmonary embolism after upper extremity surgery. Pulmonary embolism after minor upper extremity fracture surgery is extremely rare. We report a case of 66-year-old female patient that developed pulmonary embolism after percutaneous cannulated screw fixation for a greater tubercle fracture of the proximal humerus with literature review.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of two surgical treatments, transacromial pin fixation and hook plate fixation, for unstable distal clavicle fractures. Materials and Methods: Twenty four patients with Neer type II distal clavicle fractures who underwent surgery with transacromial pin fixation (Group I: 12 patients) and hook plate fixation (Group II: 12 patients) were included. Reduction and union were evaluated using plain radiographs. Functional evaluation was performed according to UCLA score and Constant-Murley score at last follow-up. Results: All 24 cases showed bone union. Complete union took an average of 10 weeks for group I and 11.7 weeks for group II. Average UCLA score was 33 (group I) and 32.8 (group II). Average Constant score was 88.5 (group I) and 88.8 (group II). No significant difference for each variable was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: For the surgical treatment of Neer type II distal clavicle fractures, transacromial pin fixation and hook plate fixation are both useful methods.

Personal identification numbers (PIN) and unlock patterns are highly popular authentication mechanisms on smart mobile devices but they are not sufficiently secure. PIN or pattern mechanisms enhanced by additional, implicit behavioral biometric authentication can offer stronger authentication assurance while preserving usability, therefore becoming very attractive. Individual studies on PIN- and pattern-based behavioral biometric authentication on smartphones were conducted but their results cannot be directly compared. In this work, we present a comparison study on the authentication accuracy between PIN-based and pattern-based behavioral biometric authentication using both smartphone and tablet. We developed a uniform framework for both PIN-based and pattern-based schemes and used two representative methods—Histogram and DTW—for user verification. We recruited 15 users and collected behavioral biometric data for both simple and complex PINs and patterns. Our experimental results show that PIN-based and pattern-based behavioral biometric authentication schemes can achieve about the same level of accuracy but not all verification methods are equal. The Histogram method can achieve more consistent results and handle template aging better than the DTW method based on our results. Our findings are expected to shed light on the exploration and analysis of effective behavioral biometric verification methods and facilitate more comprehensive investigation on behavioral biometric authentication for mobile devices.

We present a simple tile-sliding game that can be played on any 3-regular graph, generating a permutation group on the vertices. We classify the resulting permutation groups and obtain a novel presentation for the simple group of 168 elements.