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Jian-Mei Gong,1 Jian-Shi Du1,2 ,* Dong-Mei Han2, * 1Nursing School of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of the Lymphatic and Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jian-Shi Du No. 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130021, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13314301430 Email dujs@jlu.edu.cnBackground/Objective: The recommendation of bed rest for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients has changed during the last 20 years, and it has become a concern for researchers. The existing researches on potentially harmful treatment of bed rest for DVT patients focus only on physiological outcomes. This qualitative study explored the implications of bed rest from the perspective of patients with acute DVT. Understanding these implications will provide more evidence on whether bed rest should be used as a medical treatment of acute DVT.Patients and Methods: For data collection, a descriptive qualitative design utilizing semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with nine patients with acute DVT was conducted. In order to find the themes and subthemes emerging from the interviews for data analysis, the Colaizzi method, which was suggested by phenomenological methodology, was used.Results: The four major themes found were physical effects, psychological effects, social effects, and post-trauma growth. These themes illustrated the bed rest experiences of patients and it has a negative impact on the quality of life (QOL) amidst acute DVT.Conclusion: Bed rest for patients with acute DVT is a physically, emotionally, and socially distressing phenomenon that simultaneously affects QOL and induces post-traumatic growth. We believe that bed rest is not beneficial to the physical and mental health of patients with acute DVT. This study adds to the available evidence on the harmful effect of bed rest as a treatment from the perspective of patients with acute DVT. Further quantitative studies should compare the quality of life and psychosocial status of patients with and without bed rest amidst acute DVT.Keywords: bed rest, deep venous thromboembolism, qualitative, patient experience

Conclusion: The comprehensive Hearing Preservation classification system presented in this paper is suitable for use for all cochlear implant users with measurable pre-operative residual hearing. If adopted as a universal reporting standard, as it was designed to be, it should prove highly beneficial by enabling future studies to quickly and easily compare the results of previous studies and meta-analyze their data. Objectives: To develop a comprehensive Hearing Preservation classification system suitable for use for all cochlear implant users with measurable pre-operative residual hearing. Methods: The HEARRING group discussed and reviewed a number of different propositions of a HP classification systems and reviewed critical appraisals to develop a qualitative system in accordance with the prerequisites. Results: The Hearing Preservation Classification System proposed herein fulfills the following necessary criteria: 1) classification is independent from users' initial hearing, 2) it is appropriate for all cochlear implant users with measurable pre-operative residual hearing, 3) it covers the whole range of pure tone average from 0 to 120 dB; 4) it is easy to use and easy to understand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative signal amplification and transduction play pivotal roles in bioanalysis. Herein, cascading CRISPR/Cas and the nanozyme are integrated with electronic amplification in an organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) to enable triple signal amplification, which is exemplified by the miRNA-triggered CRISPR/Cas13a system and polyoxometalate nanozyme for OPECT detection of miRNA-21. The CRISPR/Cas13a-enabled release of glucose oxidase could synergize with peroxidase-like SiW 12 to induce catalytic precipitation on the photogate, inhibiting the interfacial mass transfer and thus the significant suppression of the channel current. The as-developed OPECT sensor demonstrates good sensitivity and selectivity for miRNA-21 detection, with a linear range from 1 fM to 10 nM and an ultralow detection limit of 0.53 fM. This study features the integration of bio- and nanoenzyme cascade and electronic triple signal amplification for OPECT detection.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated as strain MSW5 T , was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. The cells were non-motile rods exhibiting oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth was observed at 15-25 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 1.0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Menaquinone-6 was the sole respiratory quinone, and iso-C 15 : 0 , summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 6 c ), iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, and C 15 : 1  ω 6 c were the major cellular fatty acids. Major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and three unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 92 concatenated core protein sequences revealed that strain MSW5 T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Polaribacter . The genome of strain MSW5 T was 3582 kb in size with a 29.1 mol% G+C content. Strain MSW5 T exhibited the highest similarity to Polaribacter atrinae WP25 T , with a 97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. However, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 79.4 and 23.3%, respectively, indicating that strain MSW5 T represents a novel species. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain MSW5 T is proposed to represent a novel species, with the name Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov. The type strain is MSW5 T (=KACC 22340 T =NBRC 116025 T ). In addition, whole genome sequence comparisons and phenotypic features suggested that Polaribacter sejongensis and Polaribacter undariae belong to the same species, with P. undariae proposed as a later heterotypic synonym of P. sejongensis . An emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis is also proposed.

The functionalization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with organic small molecules by in situ postsynthetic modification has garnered considerable attention. However, the precise engineering of recognition sites using this method remains rarely explored in optically controlled bioelectronics. Herein, employing the Schiff base reaction to embed the small molecule (THBA) into a Zr-MOF, we fabricated a hydroxyl-rich MOF on the surface of titanium dioxide nanorod arrays (U6H@TiO 2 NRs) to develop light-sensitive gate electrodes with tailored recognition capabilities. The U6H@TiO 2 NR gate electrodes were integrated into organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) sensing systems to tailor a sensitive device for bilirubin (I-Bil) detection. In the presence of I-Bil, coordination effects, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions facilitated strong binding between U6H@TiO 2 NRs and the target I-Bil. The electron-donating property of I-Bil influenced the gate voltage, enabling precise control of the channel status and modulation of the channel current. The OPECT device exhibited exceptional analytical performance toward I-Bil with wide linearity ranging from 1 × 10 -16 to 1 × 10 -9 M and a low limit detection of 0.022 fM. Leveraging the versatility of small molecules for boosting the functionalization of materials, this work demonstrates the great potential of the small molecule family for OPECT bioanalysis and holds promise for the advancement of OPECT sensors.

Reticular heterojunctions on the basis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have sparked considerable interest in recent research endeavors, which nevertheless have seldom been studied in optoelectronic biosensing. In this work, its utilization for organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) detection of the important cancer biomarker of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is reported. A MOF@COF@CdS quantum dots (QDs) heterojunction is rationally designed to serve as the photogating module against the polymeric channel. Linking with a sandwich complexing event, target-dependent alternation of the photogate is achieved, leading to the changed photoelectric conversion efficiency as indicated by the amplified OPECT signals. The proposed assay demonstrates good analytical performance in detecting NSE, featuring a linear detection range from 0.1 pg mL -1 to 100 ng mL -1 , with a detection limit of 0.033 pg mL -1 ., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Fermentative features of doenjang-meju, a traditional Korean soybean brick, were investigated over 45 days via genome-centered metatranscriptomics. The pH value rapidly decreased within 10 days and successively increased after 20 days, along with an initial bacterial growth, including lactic acid bacteria, and subsequent fungal growth, suggesting their association. Polysaccharides and lipids underwent degradation, and amino acids, free sugars, and organic acids increased during the early stage. Metagenome analysis identified Aspergillus , Bacillus , Enterococcus , Staphylococcus , and Leuconostoc as major microbes, which were isolated and genome-sequenced. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed the major roles of Bacillus and Enterococcus during the early period, shifting to Aspergillus dominance after 10 days. Metabolic pathway reconstruction and transcriptional analysis reveal that Aspergillus primarily decomposed polysaccharides to free sugars; Aspergillus and Bacillus metabolized lipids, free sugars, and organic acids generated by Enterococcus ; and Aspergillus and Bacillus were instrumental in amino acid metabolism: their contributions varied by compounds and pathways., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

In conventional chromatographic ligand screening, underperforming ligands are often dismissed. However, this practice may inadvertently overlook potential opportunities. This study aims to investigate whether these underperforming ligands can be repurposed as valuable assets. Hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography (HCIC) is chosen as the validation target for its potential as an innovative chromatographic mode. A novel dual-ligand approach is employed, combining two suboptimal ligands (5-Aminobenzimidazole and Tryptamine) to explore enhanced performance and optimization prospects. Various dual-ligand HCIC resins with different ligand densities were synthesized by adjusting the ligand ratio and concentration. The resins were characterized to assess appearance, functional groups, and pore features using SEM, FTIR, and ISEC techniques. Performance assessments were conducted using single-ligand mode resins as controls, evaluating the selectivity against human immunoglobulin G and human serum albumin. Static adsorption experiments were performed to understand pH and salt influence on adsorption. Breakthrough experiments were conducted to assess dynamic adsorption capacity of the novel resin. Finally, chromatographic separation using human serum was performed to evaluate the purity and yield of the resin. Results indicated that the dual-ligand HCIC resin designed for human antibodies demonstrates exceptional selectivity, surpassing not only single ligand states but also outperforming certain high-performing ligand types, particularly under specific salt and pH conditions. Ultimately, a high yield of 83.9 % and purity of 96.7 % were achieved in the separation of hIgG from human serum with the dual-ligand HCIC, significantly superior to the single-ligand resins. In conclusion, through rational design and proper operational conditions, the dual-ligand mode can revitalize underutilized ligands, potentially introducing novel and promising chromatographic modes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated strain GPA1 T , was isolated from plastic waste landfill soil in the Republic of Korea. The cells were non-motile short rods exhibiting oxidase-negative and catalase-positive activities. Growth was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-2.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Menaquinone-7 was the sole respiratory quinone, and iso-C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 1  ω 5 c , and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH were the major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids). Phosphatidylethanolamine was identified as a major polar lipid. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 120 concatenated marker protein sequences revealed that strain GPA1 T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Chitinophaga . The genome of strain GPA1 T was 6078 kb in size with 53.8 mol% G+C content. Strain GPA1 T exhibited the highest similarity to Chitinophaga rhizosphaerae T16R-86 T , with a 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, but their average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 82.5 and 25.9 %, respectively. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain GPA1 T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga , for which the name Chitinophaga pollutisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GPA1 T (=KACC 23415 T =JCM 36644 T ).

In contrast to the conventional fluorescence enhancement resulting from the cessation of the photoinduced electron transfer effect upon capturing nitric oxide (NO) by o-phenylenediamine, we found an interesting fluorescence quench within small molecule fluorophores characterized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Herein, the integration of a push-pull electron system with intramolecular hydrogen bonding onto an ultra-small fluorophore was employed to fabricate a hydrogen bond-tuned single benzene core fluorescent probe with an exceptional fluorescence quantum yield of 26 %, denoted as HSC-1. By virtue of its small size and low molecular weight (mere 192 g/mol), it demonstrated superior solubility and biocompatibility. Given the optimized conditions, HSC-1 manifested extraordinary linearity in detecting NO concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 60 μM, with an outstanding detection limit of 23.8 nM. Theoretical calculations unraveled the photophysical properties of hydrogen bonding-related probe molecules and highlighted the NO sensing mechanism. This pioneering work offers an important platform for the design of small fluorescence probes only with a single benzene core applied to NO sensing, which will potentially emerge as a new frontier in the area., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae are closely related fungal species with contrasting roles in food safety and fermentation. To comprehensively investigate their phylogenetic, genomic, and metabolic characteristics, we conducted an extensive comparative pangenome analysis using complete, dereplicated genome sets for both species. Phylogenetic analyses, employing both the entirety of the identified single-copy orthologous genes and six housekeeping genes commonly used for fungal classification, did not reveal clear differentiation between A. flavus and A. oryzae genomes. Upon analyzing the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene clusters within the genomes, we observed that non-aflatoxin-producing strains were dispersed throughout the phylogenetic tree, encompassing both A. flavus and A. oryzae strains. This suggests that aflatoxin production is not a distinguishing trait between the two species. Furthermore, A. oryzae and A. flavus strains displayed remarkably similar genomic attributes, including genome sizes, gene contents, and G + C contents, as well as metabolic features and pathways. The profiles of CAZyme genes and secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters within the genomes of both species further highlight their similarity. Collectively, these findings challenge the conventional differentiation of A. flavus and A. oryzae as distinct species and highlight their phylogenetic, genomic, and metabolic homogeneity, potentially indicating that they may indeed belong to the same species., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Two Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains KJ10-1 T and KJ40-1 T , were isolated from marine brown algae. Both strains were catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, and facultative aerobic. Strain KJ10-1 T exhibited optimal growth at 25 °C, pH 7.0, and 3 % NaCl, whereas strain KJ40-1 T showed optimal growth at 25 °C, pH 7.0, and 2 % NaCl. The respiratory quinones of strain KJ10-1 T were ubiquinone-8, ubiquinone-7, menaquinone-7, and methylated menaquinone-7, while the respiratory quinone of strain KJ40-1 T was only ubiquinone-8. As major fatty acids, strain KJ10-1 T contained C 16 : 0 , C 17 : 1  ω8 c , iso-C 15 : 0 , and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 6 c ) and strain KJ40-1 T contained C 16 : 0 and summed features 3 and 8 (C 18 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 18 : 1  ω 6 c ). The major polar lipids in strain KJ10-1 T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified aminolipid, whereas those in strain KJ40-1 T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C contents of strains KJ10-1 T and KJ40-1 T were 42.1 and 40.8 mol%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains KJ10-1 T and KJ40-1 T exhibited the closest relatedness to Shewanella saliphila MMS16-UL250 T (98.6 %) and Vibrio rumoiensis S-1 T (95.4 %), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses, based on both 16S rRNA and 92 housekeeping genes, showed that the strains formed distinct phylogenic lineages within the genera Shewanella and Vibrio . Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and orthologous average nucleotide identity values between strain KJ10-1 T and other Shewanella species, as well as between strain KJ40-1 T and other Vibrio species, were below the thresholds commonly accepted for prokaryotic species delineation. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data, strains KJ10-1 T and KJ40-1 T represent novel species of the genera Shewanella and Vibrio , respectively, for which the names Shewanella phaeophyticola sp. nov. and Vibrio algarum sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains of S. phaeophyticola and V. algarum are KJ10-1 T (=KACC 22589 T =JCM 35409 T ) and KJ40-1 T (=KACC 22588 T =JCM 35410 T ), respectively.

To investigate the effect of the predominant fungal species from Korean traditional meju and doenjang on soybean fermentation, the enzymatic activity and amino acid production of twenty-two fungal strains were assessed through solid- and liquid-state soybean fermentation. Enzymatic activity analyses of solid-state fermented soybeans revealed different enzyme activities involving protease, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), carboxypeptidase (CaP), glutaminase, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and amylase, depending on the fungal species. These enzymatic activities significantly affected the amino acid profile throughout liquid-state fermentation. Strains belonging to Mucoromycota , including Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizomucor , and Rhizopus , produced smaller amounts of total amino acids and umami-producing amino acids, such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid, than strains belonging to Aspergillus subgenus circumdati . The genera Penicillium and Scopulariopsis produced large amounts of total amino acids and glutamic acid, suggesting that these genera play an essential role in producing umami and kokumi tastes in fermented soybean products. Strains belonging to Aspergillus subgenus circumdati , including A. oryzae , showed the highest amino acid content, including glutamic acid, suggesting the potential benefits of A. oryzae as a starter for soybean fermentation. This study showed the potential of traditional meju strains as starters for soybean fermentation. However, further analysis of processes such as the production of G-peptide for kokumi taste and volatile compounds for flavor and safety is needed.

Al-rich (Si/Al = 4-6) Cu-SSZ-13 has been recognized as one of the potential catalysts to replace the commercial Cu-SSZ-13 (Si/Al = 10-12) towards ammonia-assisted selective catalytic reduction (NH 3 -SCR). However, poor hydrothermal stability is a great obstacle for Al-rich zeolites to meet the catalytic applications containing water vapor. Herein, we demonstrate that the hydrothermal stability of Al-rich Cu-SSZ-13 can be dramatically enhanced via Pr-ion modification. Particularly, after high-temperature hydrothermal aging (HTA), CuPr 1.2 -SSZ-13-HTA with an optimal Pr content of 1.2 wt% exhibits a T 80 (temperature window of NO conversion above 80%) window of 225-550 °C and a T 90 window of 250-350 °C. These values are superior to those of Cu-SSZ-13-HTA (225-450 °C for T 80 and no T 90 window). The results of X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and spectral characterization reveal that Pr ions mainly located in the eight-membered rings (8MRs) in SSZ-13 zeolite can inhibit the generation of inactive CuO x during hydrothermal aging. This finding is further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which suggest that the presence of Pr ions restrains the transformation from Cu 2+ ions in 6MRs into CuO x , resulting in enhanced hydrothermal stability. It is also noted that an excessive amount of Pr ions in Cu-SSZ-13 would result in the production of CuO x that causes the decline of catalytic performance. The present work provides a promising strategy for creating a hydrothermally stable Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite catalyst by adding secondary metal ions., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

A facile route for exponential magnification of transconductance ( g m ) in an organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) is still lacking. Herein, photoresponsive hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (PR-HOFs) have been shown to be efficient for g m magnification in a typical poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) OPECT. Specifically, 450 nm light stimulation of 1,3,6,8-tetrakis (p-benzoic acid) pyrene (H4TBAPy)-based HOF could efficiently modulate the device characteristics, leading to the considerable g m magnification over 78 times from 0.114 to 8.96 mS at zero V g . In linkage with a DNA nanomachine-assisted steric hindrance amplification strategy, the system was then interfaced with the microRNA-triggered structural DNA evolution toward the sensitive detection of a model target microRNA down to 0.1 fM. This study first reveals HOFs-enabled efficient g m magnification in organic electronics and its application for sensitive biomolecular detection.

Background: Surgical treatment is playing an increasingly important role in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This consensus focuses on the indications for optimal surgery, and surgical methods in the whole process of treatment for NPC to provide a useful reference to assist these difficult clinical decisions., Methodology: A thorough review of available literature on NPC and surgery was conducted by the Association for the prevention and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China, international exchange and promotion Association for medicine and healthcare, and the Committee on nasopharyngeal cancer of Guangdong provincial anticancer association. A set of questions and a preliminary draft guideline was circulated to a panel of 1096 experienced specialists on this disease for voting on controversial areas and comments. A refined second proposal, based on a summary of the initial voting and different opinions expressed, was recirculated to the experts in two authoritative medical science and technology academic groups in the prevention and treatment of NPC in China for review and reconsideration., Results: The initial round of questions showed variations in clinical practice even among similar specialists, reflecting the lack of high-quality supporting data and resulting difficulties in formulating clinical decisions. Through exchange of comments and iterative revisions, recommendations with high-to-moderate agreement were formulated on general treatment strategies and details of surgery, including indications and surgical approaches., Conclusion: By standardizing the surgical indications and practice, we hope not only to improve the surgical outcomes, but also to highlight the key directions of future clinical research in the surgical management of NPC.

Background: Enterococcus faecium and E. lactis are phylogenetically closely related lactic acid bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature and are known to be beneficial or pathogenic. Despite their considerable industrial and clinical importance, comprehensive studies on their evolutionary relationships and genomic, metabolic, and pathogenic traits are still lacking. Therefore, we conducted comparative pangenome analyses using all available dereplicated genomes of these species., Results: E. faecium was divided into two subclades: subclade I, comprising strains derived from humans, animals, and food, and the more recent phylogenetic subclade II, consisting exclusively of human-derived strains. In contrast, E. lactis strains, isolated from diverse sources including foods, humans, animals, and the environment, did not display distinct clustering based on their isolation sources. Despite having similar metabolic features, noticeable genomic differences were observed between E. faecium subclades I and II, as well as E. lactis. Notably, E. faecium subclade II strains exhibited significantly larger genome sizes and higher gene counts compared to both E. faecium subclade I and E. lactis strains. Furthermore, they carried a higher abundance of antibiotic resistance, virulence, bacteriocin, and mobile element genes. Phylogenetic analysis of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes suggests that E. faecium subclade II strains likely acquired these genes through horizontal gene transfer, facilitating their effective adaptation in response to antibiotic use in humans., Conclusions: Our study offers valuable insights into the adaptive evolution of E. faecium strains, enabling their survival as pathogens in the human environment through horizontal gene acquisitions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Two Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, motile rod bacteria, designated as G2-5 T and G20-9 T , exhibiting catalase- and oxidase-positive activities, were isolated from the phycosphere of a Chondrus species, a marine red alga. Strain G2-5 T exhibited optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 5.0-6.0 and in the presence of 0.5-1.0% NaCl. In contrast, strain G20-9 T demonstrated optimal growth at 25 °C and pH 6.0 and in the presence of 0.5-1.5% NaCl. Both strains contained ubiquinone-10, summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 18 : 1  ω 6 c ), C 18 : 0 and 11-methyl-C 18 : 1  ω 7 c , and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone, cellular fatty acids and polar lipids, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 57.2 mol% for strain G2-5 T and 57.5 mol% for strain G20-9 T . Strains G2-5 T and G20-9 T exhibited 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, along with 82.3 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 25.0 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values, indicating that they represent different species. Phylogenetic analyses based on both 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that strains G2-5 T and G20-9 T formed distinct phylogenic lineages within the genus Devosia . Strains G2-5 T and G20-9 T were most closely related to Devosia limi DSM 17137 T and Devosia beringensis S02 T with 97.7 and 96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. The ANI and dDDH values between strains G2-5 T and G20-9 T and other Devosia species were lower than 73.9 and 19.2 %, respectively, suggesting that they constitute novel species within the genus Devosia . Based on their distinct phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular characteristics, strains G2-5 T and G20-9 T represent two novel species of the genus Devosia , for which the names Devosia rhodophyticola sp. nov. (G2-5 T =KACC 22601 T =JCM 35404 T ) and Devosia algicola sp. nov. (G20-9 T =KACC 22650 T =JCM 35405 T ) are proposed, respectively.

Photocatalytic degradation is a promising method for controlling the increasing contamination of the water environment due to pharmacologically active compounds (PHACs). Herein, oxygen vacancy (OV)-modulated Z-scheme CuWO 4 /CuBi 2 O 4 hybrid systems were fabricated via thermal treatment by loading of CuWO 4 nanoparticles with OVs on CuBi 2 O 4 surfaces. The synthesized CuWO 4 /CuBi 2 O 4 hybrid samples exhibited an enhanced photodegradation ability to remove PHACs under visible-light irradiation. More importantly, an optimized sample (10 wt % CuWO 4 /CuBi 2 O 4 ) exhibited superior catalytic activity and excellent recycling stability for PHAC photodegradation. In addition, possible degradation paths for PHAC removal over the CuWO 4 /CuBi 2 O 4 hybrid systems were proposed. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the efficient separation and transfer of photoformed charge pairs via the Z-scheme mechanism. This Z-scheme mechanism was systematically analyzed using trapping experiments of active species, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and the photodepositions of noble metals. The findings of this study can pave the way for developing highly efficient Z-scheme photocatalytic systems for PHAC photodegradation.

A Gram-positive, non-motile, and non-spore-forming lactic acid bacterium, designated as BK2 T , was isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented vegetable food, and the taxonomic characteristics of strain BK2 T , along with strain LMG 11983, were analyzed. Both strains optimally grew at 30°C, pH 7.0, and 1.0% NaCl. Cells of both strains were heterofermentative and facultatively anaerobic rods, demonstrating negative reactions for catalase and oxidase. Major fatty acids (>10%) identified in both strains were C 18:1 ω 9 c , C 16:0 , and summed feature 7 (comprising C 19:1 ω 6 c and/or C 19:1 ω 7 c ). The genomic DNA G+C contents of both strains were 44.7 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.9%), average nucleotide identity (ANI; 99.9%), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH; 99.7%) value between strains BK2 T and LMG 11983 indicated that they are different strains of the same species. Strain BK2 T was most closely related to Weissella confusa JCM 1093 T and Weissella cibaria LMG 17699 T , with 100% and 99.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. However, based on the ANI and dDDH values (92.3% and 48.1% with W. confusa , and 78.4% and 23.5% with W. cibaria ), it was evident that strain BK2 T represents a distinct species separate from W. confusa and W. cibaria . Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features, strains BK2 T and LMG 11983 represent a novel species of the genus Weissella , for which the name Weissella fermenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is BK2 T (=KACC 22833 T =JCM 35750 T ).

In this study, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)/Zr 4+ -functionalized nanofluidic sensing platform based on nonlinear hybridization chain reaction (NHCR) was developed for PNK activity assay. With the existence of PNK, the hairpin H PNK was cleaved by λ exonuclease, liberating the initiator T-DNA. Then T-DNA triggered the nonlinear HCR in solution and the reaction products were absorbed onto the nanopore, which changed the surface charge of nanofluidic device and could be detected by current-voltage characteristic curves. Compared to traditional linear HCR, the nonlinear HCR exhibits a higher sensitivity and order of growth kinetics, making it a powerful signal amplifier in bioanalysis. Due to the powerful amplification efficiency of nonlinear HCR, high sensitivity of the nanopore and specific recognition site of PNK/λ-Exo, an ultrasensitive and selective PNK sensing approach had been developed and applied to precisely quantitate the PNK activity with a LOD of 0.0001 U/mL. Moreover, utilizing this nanofluidic system as a foundation, we constructed a logic circuit that utilized PNK, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 as input elements. ADP and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 had a crucial function in facilitating the PNK to regulate the DNA logic gate. By modifying the target and inhibitors, the nanofluidic device could detect a variety of stimuli and execute more advanced logical operations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Two Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic non-motile and motile rod bacteria, strains MSW6 T and RSW2 T , were isolated from surface seawater. Strain MSW6 T optimally grew at 20 °C, pH 7.0 and 3 % NaCl, while strain RSW2 T optimally grew at 25 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and 2 % NaCl. Strain MSW6 T possessed menaquinone-6 as the major respiratory quinone, and its major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 1 G, iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipid identified in strain MSW6 T was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). On the other hand, strain RSW2 T had ubiquinone-8 as the predominant respiratory quinone, and its major fatty acids consisted of summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω 6 c ), summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1  ω 7 c and/or C 18 : 1  ω 6 c ) and C 16 : 0 . The major polar lipids identified in strain RSW2 T were PE and phosphatidylglycerol. As the sole respiratory quinone, strain MSW6 T possessed menaquinone-6, while strain RSW2 T had ubiquinone-8. The DNA G+C contents of strains MSW6 T and RSW2 T were 31.9 and 43.4 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and core gene sequences showed that strain MSW6 T formed a phylogenic lineage with Psychroserpens mesophilus KOPRI 13649 T , while strain RSW2 T formed a phylogenic lineage with Marinomonas primoryensis KMM 3633 T . Strain MSW6 T shared 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 80.7 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) ith P. mesophilus KOPRI 13649 T , and strain RSW2 T shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 93.1 % ANI with M. primoryensis KMM 3633 T . Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strains MSW6 T and RSW2 T represent novel species of the genera Psychroserpens and Marinomonas , respectively, for which the names Psychroserpens ponticola sp. nov. and Marinomonas maritima sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of P. ponticola is MSW6 T (=KACC 22338 T =JCM 35022 T ) and the type strain of M. maritima is RSW2 T (=KACC 22716 T =JCM 35550 T ).

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (DTMS) is a new non-invasive neuromodulation technique based on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation tech-nology. The new H-coil has significant advantages in the treatment and mechanism research of psychiatric and neurological disorders. This is due to its deep stimulation site and wide range of action. This paper reviews the clinical progress of DTMS in psychiatric and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, post-stroke motor dysfunction, aphasia, and other neurological disorders, as well as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Two Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, and motile rod bacteria, strains G2-23 T and J2-29 T , showing catalase- and oxidase-positive activities were isolated from species of the marine algae Chondrus and Ulva , respectively. Both strains optimally grew at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and 2% (w/v) NaCl. Both strains contained ubiquinone-10 as the sole isoprenoid quinone. Strain G2-23 T contained summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1 ω 7 c and/or C 18 : 1 ω 6 c ), C 16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1 ω7 c / ω 6 c) as major cellular fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl- N -monomethylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid (PL) as major polar lipids. Strain J2-29 T contained summed feature 8, C 18 : 1 ω 7 c 11-methyl and C 16 : 0 as major cellular fatty acids and PE, PME, PG and PL as major polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains G2-23 T and J2-29 T were 59.5 and 62.2 mol%, respectively. Both strains shared 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 79.8 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 22.8 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values, indicating that they represent different species. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses by 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, respectively, revealed that strains G2-23 T and J2-29 T formed different phylogenic lineages within the genus Hoeflea . ANI and dDDH values between strains G2-23 T and J2-29 T and other Hoeflea type strains were less than 79.0 and 22.1% and 80.5 and 23.3 %, respectively, suggesting that they represent novel species of the genus Hoeflea . In summary, based on their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strains G2-23 T and J2-29 T represent two different novel species of the genus Hoeflea , for which the names Hoeflea algicola sp. nov. (G2-23 T =KACC 22714 T =JCM 35548 T ) and Hoeflea ulvae sp. nov. (J2-29 T =KACC 22715 T =JCM 35549 T ), respectively, are proposed.

A Gram-stain-positive alkali-tolerant and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain P16 T , was isolated from a marine red alga, Porphyridium cruentum , in the Yellow Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells were motile rods with peritrichous flagella and exhibited catalase and oxidase activities. The optimal growth of strain P16 T was observed to occur at 30 °C and pH 8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Menaquinone-7 was identified as the sole respiratory quinone. Strain P16 T contained anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 14 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 , and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as major cellular fatty acids and polar lipids, respectively. The G+C content of strain P16 T was 40.8 mol%. Strain P16 T was most closely related to Shouchella plakortidis P203 T , Shouchella gibsonii DSM 8722 T and Alkalicoccobacillus murimartini LMG 21005 T with 98.1, 98.1 and 98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that strain P16 T , S, plakortidis , S. gibsonii and A. murimartini formed a single phylogenetic lineage cluster, and genomic relatedness analyses showed that they are different species. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain P16 T represents a novel species of the genus Alkalicoccobacillus , for which the name Alkalicoccobacillus porphyridii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P16 T (=KACC 19520 T =JCM 32931 T ). In addition, S. plakortidis and S. gibsonii are reclassified as Alkalicoccobacillus plakortidis comb. nov. (type strain P203 T =DSM 19153 T =NCIMB 14288 T ) and Alkalicoccobacillus gibsonii comb. nov. (type strain PN-109 T =ATCC 700164 T =DSM 8722 T =KCCM 41407 T ), respectively.

The high-pathogenicity island (HPI) was initially identified in Yersinia and can be horizontally transferred to Escherichia coli to produce yersiniabactin (Ybt), which enhances the pathogenicity of E. coli by competing with the host for Fe 3+ . Pyroptosis is gasdermin-induced necrotic cell death. It involves the permeabilization of the cell membrane and is accompanied by an inflammatory response. It is still unclear whether Ybt HPI can cause intestinal epithelial cells to undergo pyroptosis and contribute to gut inflammation during E. coli infection. In this study, we infected intestinal epithelial cells of mice with E. coli ZB-1 and the Ybt-deficient strain ZB-1Δ irp2 . Our findings demonstrate that Ybt-producing E. coli is more toxic and exacerbates gut inflammation during systemic infection. Mechanistically, our results suggest the involvement of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in E. coli infection. Ybt promotes the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to GSDMD cleavage into GSDMD-N and promoting the pyroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, ultimately aggravating gut inflammation. Notably, NLRP3 knockdown alleviated these phenomena, and the binding of free Ybt to NLRP3 may be the trigger. Overall, our results show that Ybt HPI enhances the pathogenicity of E. coli and induces pyroptosis via the NLRP3 pathway, which is a new mechanism through which E. coli promotes gut inflammation. Furthermore, we screened drugs targeting NLRP3 from an existing drug library, providing a list of potential drug candidates for the treatment of gut injury caused by E. coli .

The sensitive detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a biomarker for lung cancer at an early stage is critical but has long been a challenge. The emergence of polarity-switchable photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis has opened up new avenues for developing highly sensitive NSE sensors. In this study, we present such a biosensor depending on the bioinduced AgI transition on MOF-on-MOF-derived semiconductor heterojunctions. Specifically, treatment of ZnO@In 2 O 3 @AgI by bioproduced H 2 S can in situ generate the ZnO@In 2 O 3 @In 2 S 3 @Ag 2 S heterojunction, with the photocurrent switching from the cathodic to anodic one due to the changes in the carrier transfer pathway. Linking an NSE-targeted sandwich immunorecognition with labeled alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalyzed generation of H 2 S, such a phenomenon was correlated to NSE concentration with good performance in terms of selectivity and sensitivity and a low detection limit of 0.58 pg/mL. This study offered a new perspective on the use of MOF-on-MOF-derived heterostructures for advanced polarity-switchable PEC bioanalysis.

The accurate and ultrasensitive detection of multiple methyltransferases was in great request for clinical diagnosis and epigenetic therapy. Here, a novel fluorescence assay was proposed for ultrasensitive CpG methyltransferase (M.SssI) and DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) activity detection based on hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) and DNA walkers. The biosensor showed an extremely high sensitivity due to the dual-amplification strategy of HRCA and DNA walker. The LOD of the biosensor for M.SssI and Dam methyltransferase was estimated at 0.0004 U/mL and 0.001 U/mL, respectively. Without the presence of M.SssI methyltransferase, the corresponding recognition site of hairpin H M was cleaved by HpaII endonuclease, generating a DNA fragment (T-DNA) and inducing the DNA walker-HRCA reaction. Since the HRCA products contained numerous double-strand DNA (dsDNA), SYBR Green I could be embedded in the dsDNA, leading to a high fluorescent signal. In the presence of M.SssI methyltransferase, the corresponding recognition site of hairpin H M was methylated and the HpaII endonuclease-catalyzed stem of hairpin H M dissociation was hindered, leading to no DNA fragment (T-DNA) present. Hence, the DNA walker-HRCA reaction was not initiated and the fluorescent signal of SYBR Green I remained at a low level. Similarly, DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) and its inhibitors could also be detected by redesigning hairpin H D with the Dam recognition sequences. Furthermore, the sensing system was applied to analyze the endogenic Dam methyltransferase in the real samples such as E. coli cell lysate., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

To investigate the fermentative characteristics of Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, the key microbes known to be involved in doenjang-meju (a Korean traditional fermented soybean brick) fermentation, we prepared and analyzed two sets of doenjang-meju inoculated with either Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus velezensis (BDM) or A. oryzae and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LDM). A large decrease in pH was observed during the early fermentation period in LDM, whereas the pH remained relatively constant in BDM. Although observed in higher levels in BDM during the early fermentation period, free sugar and amino acid contents and Aspergillus abundance were higher in LDM thereafter, which aligned with α-amylase and protease activity profiles in LDM and BDM, suggesting their association with Aspergillus. Higher levels of isoflavone aglycones and glycerol along with greater β-glucosidase and lipase activities in LDM and BDM, respectively, were suggestive of the characteristics of Leuconostoc and Bacillus, respectively. More diverse and higher amounts of volatile compounds were observed in BDM than in LDM. The α-amylase, lipase, protease, β-glucosidase, and antimicrobial activities of A. oryzae, B. velezensis, and L. mesenteroides were examined through genomic analyses and in vitro assays, which well supported the results of their fermentative characteristics in LDM and BDM., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultative aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and non-motile rod bacteria, strains BL T and W38 T , that were isolated from soil and freshwater, respectively, were taxonomically characterized. Both strains optimally grew at 30 °C and pH 7.0 in Reasoner's 2A medium and contained ubiquinone-8 as the sole respiratory quinone. As major fatty acids (>10 %), strain BL T contained iso-C 15 : 0 and summed features 3 and 9 (comprising iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1  ω 7 c /ω6 c and iso-C 17 : 1  ω 9 c and/or C 16 : 0 10-methyl, respectively), whereas strain W38 T contained iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 and summed feature 9. Diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine as major polar lipids and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as minor polar lipids were detected in both strains. The DNA G+C contents of strains BL T and W38 T were 68.3 and 65.3 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that strains BL T and W38 T formed a tight phylogenetic lineage with Tahibacter species, and they shared 98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 75.5 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 16.6 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values, indicating that they are different species. Strains BL T and W38 T were most closely related to Tahibacter caeni BUT-6 T and Tahibacter aquaticus PYM5-11 T with 97.7 and 98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. ANI and dDDH values between strain BL T and T. caeni BUT-6 T and between strain W38 T and T. aquaticus DSM 21667 T were 78.5 and 21.6% and 75.3 and 21.0 %, respectively. Based on their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic properties, strains BL T and W38 T represent two different novel species of the genus Tahibacter , for which the names Tahibacter soli sp. nov. and Tahibacter amnicola sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of T. soli and T. amnicola are BL T (=KACC 22831 T =JCM 35402 T ) and W38 T (=KACC 22832 T =JCM 35749 T ), respectively.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated strain U1 T , was isolated from plastic dumped soil sampled in the Republic of Korea. Cell of strain U1 T were non-motile rods showing catalase-negative and oxidase-positive activities. Strain U1 T was shown to grow at 10-37 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0), and in the presence of 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Strain U1 T contained iso-C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1  ω5 c and summed feature 3 (comprising C 16 : 1  ω 6 c and/or C 16 : 1  ω7 c ) as the major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) and menaquinone-7 as the sole respiratory quinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids were identified as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain U1 T calculated from the whole-genome sequence was 45.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain U1 T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Dyadobacter . Strain U1 T has the highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Dyadobacter bucti QTA69 T (97.9 %). Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain U1 T and D. bucti QTA69 T were 74.6 % and 18.9 %, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain U1 T represents a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter , for which the name Dyadobacter pollutisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is U1 T (= KACC 22210 T =JCM 34491 T ).

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming and facultative aerobic bacterium, designated C11 T , was isolated from mountain soil collected in the Republic of Korea. The cells were motile rods with peritrichous flagella, and positive for catalase and oxidase activities. Strain C11 T grew at 15-45 °C (optimum, 30-37 °C) and pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Strain C11 T contained menaquinone-7 as the sole isoprenoid quinone and iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38.8 mol%. Strain C11 T was most closely related to Neobacillus drentensis IDA1967 T and Mesobacillus foraminis CV53 T , with 98.0 and 97.7 %, 71.7 and 69.9 %, and 20.1 and 20.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, average nucleotide identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences showed that strain C11 T was included in a phyletic lineage with members of the genus Neobacillus but was distinct from members of the genus Mesobacillus . Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties suggested that strain C11 T represents a novel species of the genus Neobacillus , for which the name Neobacillus terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C11 T (=KACC 21661 T =JCM 33943 T ).

A strictly aerobic Gram-negative bacterium, designated R8 T , isolated from garden soil in South Korea was subjected to a taxonomic study. The cells were non-spore-forming, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative, and non-motile rods (without flagella). Growth was observed between 10 °C and 40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and between pH 6.0 and 9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0%-1.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 49.9% and the major isoprenoid quinone was found to be menaquinone-7. The major fatty acids of strain R8 T were iso-C 15:0 , C 16:1 ω5c, and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C 15:0 2-OH and/or C 16:1 ω7c/ω6c). Phosphatidylethanolamine was identified as a major polar lipid. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain R8 T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.3% with Chitinophaga sedimenti TFL-3  T . Phylogenetic analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequences and concatenated 92 marker protein sequences revealed that strain R8 T formed a robust phylogenetic lineage with C. sedimenti within the genus Chitinophaga. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain R8 T to Chitinophaga species were less than 77.9% and 21.1%, respectively. The phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic properties support that strain R8 T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga horti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R8 T (= KACC 19895  T  = JCM 33215  T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Hemolysin-coregulated protein 1 (Hcp1) is an effector released by the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in certain pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) that causes apoptosis and contributes to the development of meningitis. The exact toxic consequences of Hcp1 and whether it intensifies the inflammatory response by triggering pyroptosis are yet unknown. Here, utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method, we removed the gene expressing Hcp1 from wild-type E. coli W24 and examined the impact of Hcp1 on E. coli virulence in Kunming (KM) mice. It was found that Hcp1-sufficient E. coli was more lethal, exacerbating acute liver injury (ALI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) or even systemic infections, structural organ damage, and inflammatory factor infiltration. These symptoms were alleviated in mice infected with W24Δ hcp1 . Additionally, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which Hcp1 worsens AKI and found that pyroptosis is involved, manifested as DNA breaks in many renal tubular epithelial cells. Genes or proteins closely related to pyroptosis are abundantly expressed in the kidney. Most importantly, Hcp1 promotes the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of active caspase-1, thereby cleaving GSDMD-N and accelerating the release of active IL-1β and ultimately leading to pyroptosis. In conclusion, Hcp1 enhances the virulence of E. coli , aggravates ALI and AKI, and promotes the inflammatory response; moreover, Hcp1-induced pyroptosis is one of the molecular mechanisms of AKI.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe genotype-phenotype associations and novel insights into genetic characteristics in a trio-based cohort of inherited eye diseases (IEDs)., Methods: To determine the etiological role of de novo mutations (DNMs) and genetic profile in IEDs, we retrospectively reviewed a large cohort of proband-parent trios of Chinese origin. The patients underwent a detailed examination and was clinically diagnosed by an ophthalmologist. Panel-based targeted exome sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from blood samples, containing coding regions of 792 IED-causative genes and their flanking exons. All participants underwent genetic testing., Results: All proband-parent trios were divided into 22 subgroups, the overall diagnostic yield was 48.67% (605/1243), ranging from 4% to 94.44% for each of the subgroups. A total of 108 IED-causative genes were identified, with the top 24 genes explaining 67% of the 605 genetically solved trios. The genetic etiology of 6.76% (84/1243) of the trio was attributed to disease-causative DNMs, and the top 3 subgroups with the highest incidence of DNM were aniridia (n = 40%), Marfan syndrome/ectopia lentis (n = 38.78%), and retinoblastoma (n = 37.04%). The top 10 genes have a diagnostic yield of DNM greater than 3.5% in their subgroups, including PAX6 (40.00%), FBN1 (38.78%), RB1 (37.04%), CRX (10.34%), CHM (9.09%), WFS1 (8.00%), RP1L1 (5.88%), RS1 (5.26%), PCDH15 (4.00%), and ABCA4 (3.51%). Additionally, the incidence of DNM in offspring showed a trend of correlation with paternal age at reproduction, but not statistically significant with paternal (P = 0.154) and maternal (P = 0.959) age at reproduction., Conclusions: Trios-based genetic analysis has high accuracy and validity. Our study helps to quantify the burden of the full spectrum IED caused by each gene, offers novel potential for elucidating etiology, and plays a crucial role in genetic counseling and patient management.

Purpose: To expand the mutation spectrum of patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) disease., Participants: 74 probands (53 families and 21 sporadic probands) with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) disease and their available family members (n = 188) were recruited for sequencing., Methods: Panel-based targeted screening was performed on all subjects. Before sanger sequencing, variants of LRP5, NDP, FZD4, TSPAN12, ZNF408, KIF11, RCBTB1, JAG1, and CTNNA1 genes were verified by a series of bioinformatics tools and genotype-phenotype co-segregation analysis., Results: 40.54% (30/74) of the probands were sighted to possess at least one etiological mutation of the nine FEVR-causative genes. The etiological mutation detection rate was 37.74% (20/53) in family-attainable probands while 47.62% (10/21) in sporadic cases. The diagnosis rate of patients in the early-onset subgroup (≤5 years old, 45.4%) is higher than that of the children or adolescence-onset subgroup (6-16 years old, 42.1%) and the late-onset subgroup (≥17 years old, 39.4%). A total of 36 etiological mutations were identified in this study, comprising 26 novel mutations and 10 reported mutations. LRP5 was the most prevalent mutant gene among the 36 mutation types with a percentage of 41.67% (15/36). Followed by FZD4 (10/36, 27.78%), TSPAN12 (5/36, 13.89%), NDP (4/36, 11.11%), KIF11 (1/36, 2.78%), and RCBTB1 (1/36, 2.78%). Among these mutations, 63.89% (23/36) were missense mutations, 25.00% (9/36) were frameshift mutations, 5.56% (2/36) were splicing mutations, 5.56% (2/36) were nonsense mutations. Moreover, the clinical pathogenicity of these variants was defined according to American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and genomics guidelines: 41.67% (15/36) were likely pathogenic variants, 27.78% (10/36) pathogenic variants, 30.55% (11/36) variants of uncertain significance. No etiological mutations discovered in the ZNF408, JAG1, and CTNNA1 genes in this FEVR cohort., Conclusions: We systematically screened nine FEVR disease-associated genes in a cohort of 74 Chinese probands with FEVR disease. With a detection rate of 40.54%, 36 etiological mutations of six genes were authenticated in 30 probands, including 26 novel mutations and 10 reported mutations. The most prevalent mutated gene is LRP5, followed by FZD4, TSPAN12, NDP, KIF11, and RCBTB1. In total, a de novo mutation was confirmed. Our study significantly clarified the mutation spectrum of variants bounded up to FEVR disease., (© 2022 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Purposes: We aimed to characterize the USH2A genotypic spectrum in a Chinese cohort and provide a detailed genetic profile for Chinese patients with USH2A-IRD. Methods: We designed a retrospective study wherein a total of 1,334 patients diagnosed with IRD were included as a study cohort, namely 1,278 RP and 56 USH patients, as well as other types of IEDs patients and healthy family members as a control cohort. The genotype-phenotype correlation of all participants with USH2A variant was evaluated. Results: Etiological mutations in USH2A, the most common cause of RP and USH, were found in 16.34% (n = 218) genetically solved IRD patients, with prevalences of 14.87% (190/1,278) and 50% (28/56). After bioinformatics and QC processing, 768 distinct USH2A variants were detected in all participants, including 136 disease-causing mutations present in 665 alleles, distributed in 5.81% of all participants. Of these 136 mutations, 43 were novel, nine were founder mutations, and two hot spot mutations with allele count ≥10. Furthermore, 38.5% (84/218) of genetically solved USH2A-IRD patients were caused by at least one of both c.2802T>G and c.8559-2 A>G mutations, and 36.9% and 69.6% of the alleles in the RP and USH groups were truncating, respectively. Conclusion: USH2A-related East Asian-specific founder and hot spot mutations were the major causes for Chinese RP and USH patients. Our study systematically delineated the genotype spectrum of USH2A-IRD, enabled accurate genetic diagnosis, and provided East Asian and other ethnicities with baseline data of a Chinese origin, which would better serve genetic counseling and therapeutic targets selection., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Li, Jiang, Han, Gao, Yang, Jiang, Zhang, Zhang, Gao, Wu and Li.)

Background: Globally, several generations of doctors in the field of lymphedema have created numerous publications. To date, no bibliometric analysis has been performed specifically on these publications. For the further promotion of research on lymphedema and to align with the international research frontiers, it is essential to understand the current state of Lymphedema research output., Objective: This study aims to statistically and visually analyze the characteristics of publications output, distribution of contributions and development process of lymphedema, enriching the knowledge base of Lymphedema, and then seek potential research topics and collaborators., Methods: Based on the Web of Science core collection database, we firstly analyzed the quantity and quality of publications in the field of lymphedema, secondly profiled the publishing groups in terms of country, institution, author's publication and cooperation network, and finally sorted out and summarized the hot topics of research., Results: A total of 8569 papers were retrieved from 1900-2021. The top4 journals with the most publications were LYMPHOLOGY, LYMPHATIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGY, PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY and ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY. The top 4 countries with the most publications were USA, Japan, UK, and China. The United States dominates the total number of publications and the international cooperation network. The most productive research institution is Harvard University, and the research institution with the most collaborating institutions is Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Mortimer, Peter S contributes the most research in this field. The research achievements of Japanese scholars in this field are of great significance. The top 5 ranked keywords are "Breast Cancer", "Health-Related Quality Of Life", "Lymphscintigraphy", "Lymphovenous Anastomosis", and "Lymphangiogenesis"., Conclusion: More and more scholars are devoted to the research of cancer-related Lymphedema. It is foreseeable that breast cancer-related lymphedema and lymphangiogenesis will remain a focus of future research. Advances in Lymphatic vessel imaging and the development of lymphatic microsurgery will further play a role in the clinical workup of lymphedema. Meanwhile, This study can help researchers identify potential collaborators and partner institutions and contribute to further research., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zhang, Wang, Han and Du.)

Objective: To observe the safety of donor NK cell infusions in the settings of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and after consolidation chemotherapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)., Methods: Forty patients with AML were included, in which 21 patients aged over 60 years were at the stage of complete remission (CR) and 19 patients that received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Mononucleated cells were isolated from peripheral blood from the donors (for allo-HSCT) or healthy immediate family members (elderly AML). The cells were seeded into the flasks pre-coated with NK cell specific activators, and expanded in media containing recombinant human IL-15 and IL-2 for 14 days. The cells were transfused intravenously after the identification of quality control. Trypan blue exclusion test was used for the determination of cell viability and counting. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess the surface antigenic profile. Seventy-eight infusions of the cell products were received by the elderly patients with AML after consolidation chemotherapy, 11 infusions were received by the patients during allo-HSCT and 32 infusions 3 moths after transplantation. The safety of cell therapy, body temperature, blood pressure and other indexes were observe during and 48 hours after cell transfusion. Meanwhile, the occurrence and severity of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were documented., Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of NK cells (CD3 - CD56 + ) in the mononucleated cells before culture was (14.10±4.22)% (n=121), and the proportion increased dramatically up to (87.29±8.75)% (n=121) after culture for 14 days, the number of NK cells increased to 753.47±140.13 times (n=121). The doses of the infused NK cells was (7.58±2.50)×10 7 /kg per infusion. Moderate fever occurred in three cases after multiple infusions, and the temperature restored to normal on the same day after treatment. Fever was observed in one patient after every infusion of four times in total. The temperature reached to 38.5-39.0 ℃ and returned to normal within 1-2 hours after adequate antipyretic treatment, and then there was no discomfort. No GVHD was observed in the elderly AML patients, while 6 cases that received allo-HSCT developed moderate acute GVHD, among them grade I in 5 cases and grade II in 1 case. No other severe toxicities were observed., Conclusion: NK cell products with a high-purity could be obtained by ex vivo expansion with this protocol. The transfusion of these expanded cells is generally safe in the elderly patients with AML that have received chemotherapy or patients that received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective: To analyze the prognostic factors of haplo-HSCT combined with MSC in the treatment of SAA., Methods: 127 SAA patients who had undergone haplo-HSCT with co-infusion of MSC in our center from January 2014 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Median age was 11 (1-37) years, and median follow-up time was 39.8 (1-74) months., Results: The median time for neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 14 d and 18 d respectively. The cumulative incidences of grade III-IV aGVHD was 4.4%±1.9% at day +100. The 2-year cumulative incidence of extensive cGVHD was 8.3%± 2.7%. The estimated 3-year OS was 86.1%±3.1%. Univariate analysis showed that high-dose CD34 + cells (>6.69×106/kg) could promote the engraftment of neutrophil (97.9%±0.05% vs 88.6%±0.13% at day +21, P=0.0006) and platelet (81.2%±0.33% vs 70.8%±0.26% at day +28, P=0.002) and did not increase the incidence of aGVHD (10.4%±0.1% vs 18.9%±0.1% at day +100, P=0.18). More nucleated cells (>12.78×10 8 /kg) caused a lower incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD (8.6%±0.13% vs 21.7%±0.25% at day+100, P=0.04) and a higher incidence of 3-year OS (91.3%±3.2% vs 78.1%±6.5%, P=0.03) than less nucleated cells (≤12.78×10 8 /kg). Younger patients (age≤12 y) had faster neutrophil engraftment (94.9%±0.06% vs 87.5%±0.24% at day+21, P=0.02), higher 3-year OS (93.6%±2.8% vs 75.9%±6.4%, P=0.006) and higher 3-year FFS (93.6%±2.8% vs 68.3%±7.1%, P=0.000) than older patients (age>12 y). The shorter the time from diagnosis to HSCT (≤29.5 months), the higher the 3-year FFS of patients (88.8%±3.5% vs 74.2%±7.2%, P=0.028). Male patients with female donors had higher cumulative incidence of extensive cGVHD than others (20.0%±0.8% vs 4.6%±0.1%, P=0.01)., Conclusion: In the haplo-HSCT of SAA, the prognosis of children patients is better than that of adults patients. More CD34 + cells and nucleated cells can promote engraftment, reduce the incidence of aGVHD and improve OS. HSCT should be performed as early as possible, and the occurrence of cGVHD should be reduced in male patients by avoiding female donors.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of SAA patients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to improve diagnosis and treatment of PTLD., Methods: The clinical data of 192 patients with SAA patients who underwent HSCT in a single center from September 2010 to September 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were received antithymocyte globulin（ATG） conditioning regimen and mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) infusion., Results: Among 192 cases, PTLD occurred in 14 cases, the incidence was 7.29％， 9 of them were diagnosed by pathology， and 5 were diagnosed clinically. EBV infection occurred with a median time of 72（35-168） days, Viral load higher than 1×10 4 copies/ml occured in all PTLD patients. The incidence of probable PTLD in patients ≤12 years old and ＞12 years old was 11.11%, 2.38%, respectively (P<0.01）. Univariate and multivariate analysis that the EBV infection, patients age≤12 years old, HLA-mismatch in URD-HSCT, grade II to IV aGVHD were the independent risk factors for PTLD. All PTLD patients were treated with rituximab(RTX) when EBV-DNA load higher than 1×10 4 copies/ml, or reducted the use of immunosuppression(RIS), patients with poor therapeutic effect were treated combined with EBV-specific CTLs(EBV-CTL) and chemotherapy. All patients were treated effectively, and the total effective rate was 100％. The median follow-up time was 65(62-115) months, and the overall survival rate was 92.85%. One patients died of cerebral hemorrhage, 7 months after PTLD curred., Conclusion: The incidence of PTLD after HSCT with SAA who used ATG and MSC in conditioning regimen closely relates to EBV infection, age of patients≤12 years, HLA-mismatch in URD-HSCT, grade II to IV GVHD. Rituximab combined with RIS may reduce the incidence of PTLD, combined EBV-CTL and chemotherapy may be the useful and most important treatment for PTLD.

Fermented soybean products are gaining attention in the food industry owing to their nutritive value and health benefits. In this study, we performed genomic analysis and physiological characterization of two Debaryomyces spp. yeast isolates obtained from a Korean traditional fermented soy sauce "ganjang". Both Debaryomyces hansenii ganjang isolates KD2 and C11 showed halotolerance to concentrations of up to 15% NaCl and improved growth in the presence of salt. Ploidy and whole-genome sequencing analyses indicated that the KD2 genome is haploid, whereas the C11 genome is heterozygous diploid with two distinctive subgenomes. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis using intron sequences indicated that the C11 strain was generated via hybridization between D. hansenii and D. tyrocola ancestor strains. The D. hansenii KD2 and D. hansenii-hybrid C11 produced various volatile flavor compounds associated with butter, caramel, cheese, and fruits, and showed high bioconversion activity from ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol, a characteristic flavor compound of soybean products. Both KD2 and C11 exhibited viability in the presence of bile salts and at low pH and showed immunomodulatory activity to induce high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The safety of the yeast isolates was confirmed by analyzing virulence and acute oral toxicity. Together, the D. hansenii ganjang isolates possess physiological properties beneficial for improving the flavor and nutritional value of fermented products., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, etiology, therapy and outcome of hyperthyroidism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)., Methods: The clinical data of 7 patients who experienced hyperthyroidism were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital., Results: These 7 patients (5 males, 2 females) suffered hyperthyroidism after HSCT. All patients did not apply the pretreatment regimen containing total body irradiation (TBI). The median age was 25 years old, only one child. Six patients underwent haploidentical HSCT except one patient after unrelated HSCT. The median time of hyperthyroidism occurrence was 20 months. Two patients experienced chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) when hyperthyroidism occurred and were treated successfully with glucocorticoid, however one patient suffered hypothyroidism 3 months later and needed long-term oral levothyroxine maintenance. One patient developed hypothyroidism post treatment of 131 I. The other four patients were treated with methimazole and all of them showed normal thyroid function except one patient suffered from hypothyroidism 1 year later and needed long-term oral levothyroxine maintenance., Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism is a rare complication after HSCT but may affect healthy and lead to lower quality of life. Routine thyroid function monitoring should be recommended after HSCT. Treatment of hyperthyroidism should be given according to the pathogeny.

Although haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) offers almost all acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients an opportunity for immediate transplantation, it exhibits a higher incidence of graft failure and graft versus host disease (GVHD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterised by their haematopoiesis-promoting and immunomodulatory capacity. Thus, we designed a combination of haplo-HSCT and MSCs for ALL patients. ALL patients (n = 110) were given haploidentical HSCs combined with allogenic MSCs, and ALL patients without MSC infusion (n = 56) were included as controls. The 100-day cumulative incidences of grade ≥2 acute GVHD (aGVHD) and grade ≥3 aGVHD were 40.00% and 9.09% compared to 42.32% (P = 0.79) and 22.79% (P = 0.03) in patients without MSC infusion, respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidences of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) and extensive cGVHD were 22.27% and 10.27% compared to 32.14% (P = 0.19) and 22.21% (P = 0.04) in patients without MSC infusion, respectively. No significant differences in the 3-year relapse incidence, nonrelapse mortality, leukaemia-free survival or overall survival in groups with and without MSC cotransplantation were observed. Multivariate analysis showed that MSC infusion contributed to a lower risk of developing extensive cGVHD. Our data suggested that haplo-HSCT combined with MSCs may provide an effective and safe treatment for ALL patients., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

To investigate the general fermentation characteristics of doenjang-meju (a Korean traditional soybean brick), they were periodically collected from eight different manufacturers during all fermentation stages, and their microbial communities and metabolic compounds (metabolites and volatile compounds) were analyzed. Bacillus and/or lactic acid bacteria (LAB, mainly Enterococcus) and Aspergillus were abundant during fermentation. Fructose and glucose; glycerol; acetate and lactate; and cadaverine, putrescine, tyramine, and histamine were identified as the major sugars, carbon compound, organic acids, and biogenic amines, respectively. Tetramethylpyrazine, butyric acid, butyl butyrate, butanol, acetic acid, 2-methylbutyrate, acetoin, 2,3-butandiol, and nonadecane were the major volatile compounds. However, the profiles of microbial communities, metabolites, and volatile compounds during fermentation varied significanlty among samples. Principal component analysis revealed that doenjang-meju had two differentiated fermentation features, Bacillus-dominated fermentation and LAB (mainly Enterococcus)-dominated fermentation, each having different metabolite and volatile compound profiles. Particularly, fewer volatile compounds were detected in LAB-dominated doenjang-meju samples. Correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation between Bacillus and LAB, and bacteria and fungi were less correlated with each other. Enterococcus, LAB, and Bacillus were positively correlated with lactate, flavonoid aglycones, and putrescine, respectively, suggesting that they might be mainly responsible for producing the compounds during fermentation. This study provides insights into the general fermentation characteristics of doenjang-meju., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Precisely onsite monitoring of hypochlorite (ClO - ) is of great significance to guide its rational use, reducing/avoiding its potential threat toward food safety and human health. Considering ClO - could quench fluorescence of curcumin (CCM) by oxidizing the o-methoxyphenol of CCM into benzoquinone, a portable ratiometric fluorescence sensor integrated with smartphone was designed for realizing the visual point-of-care testing (POCT) of ClO - . The amphiphilic phospholipid polymer was used as carrier to wrap curcumin, forming a novel liposome-encapsulated CCM, which provided a scaffold to bind with [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ through electrostatic interaction, thus assembling [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ -functionalized liposome-encapsulated CCM ([Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ @CCM-NPs). Further integrated with smartphone, visual imaging of [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ @CCM-NPs could be achieved and the accurate onsite detection of ClO - could be realized with a detection limit of 66.31 nM and a linear range of 0.2210 to 80.0 μM. In addition, the sensor could monitor ClO - in real samples with an onsite detection time of ∼154.0 s., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Metal selenides, as potential alternative candidates for sodium storage, have promising applicability due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, their huge volume change and sluggish electrode kinetics during sodium ion uptake and release processes can result in insufficient cycling life and inferior rate performance, hindering their practical application. Herein, nitrogen (N)-doped carbon-confined cobalt selenide anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotube networks (denoted as CoSe 2 @NC/MWCNTs) was designed and successfully built through a selenization process with ZIF-67 MOF as the template. The existence of the interconnected MWCNT network plays a crucial role in not only enhancing the electronic conductivity and ion/electron-transfer efficiency but also ensuring structural stability. Consequently, the optimized CoSe 2 @NC/MWCNTs composite delivers a high reversible capacity of 479.6 mA h g -1 at a current rate of 0.2 A g -1 , accompanied by a 92.0% capacity retention over 100 cycles and a predominant rate performance of 227.4 mA h g -1 even under 20 A g -1 when examined as the anode in Na-ion batteries. Moreover, the kinetic behaviors were confirmed using CV profiles at various rates, as well as the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Besides, the HRTEM images clearly reveal the sodium-ion storage mechanism of the CoSe 2 hybrid. These results make CoSe 2 @NC/MWCNTs a prospective anode material in advanced sodium-ion batteries.