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The perception of the value of children (VOC) can elucidate why individuals consider it beneficial to have children by uncovering their subjective intentions and experiences regarding their fertility decisions. Using VOC perceptions to understand fertility change in the modernization process, this qualitative study explores how parents' VOC change meshes with China's socioeconomic and cultural contexts. This article examines intergenerational VOC evolution under the support and constraints of socioeconomic environments and cultural norms. Grandparents, embedded in the rural economy and traditional culture, exhibit economic/utilitarian and social/normative VOC. Young parents, living, and having grown up in urban economic and modernized cultural contexts, recognize emotional/psychological VOC for fertility intention. Migrant parents living in urban economies but bound by traditional culture believe that social/normative VOC is important for fertility intention. The results advance understanding of the integration of individuals' psychological intentions with the socioeconomic-cultural contexts that influence their fertility and VOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar vapor generation based on light-to-heat conversion via photothermal materials has been considered as one of the emerging technologies for utilizing solar energy. Here, we report the fabrication of a novel monolithic aerogel (PNGA) composed of hydrophilic treated MnO2 nanowires and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) followed by in situ coating of polypyrrole on the surface of the PNGA to construct a light-to-heat conversion layer for efficient solar steam generation. Analysis of the morphology and porosity of the PNGA shows that the aerogel is full of interconnected pores and open channels with a low apparent density (0.127 g cm−3) and large specific surface area (1142.7 m2 g−1), which endow it with excellent thermal insulation (a low thermal conductivity of 0.21882 W m−1 K−1 in the wet state), self-floating and rapid water transmission properties. Benefiting from the polypyrrole coating, the PNGA shows a superintense optical absorption of ca. 100%. Interestingly, a superhydrophilic wettability could be achieved after surface modification of the PNGA with phytic acid, which could dramatically enhance its water transportation ability. Furthermore, the PNGA maintains a certain mechanical strength (0.08 MPa under 30% strain), thus making it mechanically robust to withstand the harsh environment. Taking the advantages mentioned above, our PNGA possesses an outstanding energy conversion efficiency of 93.8% under 1 kW m–2 irradiation, which is 4.9 times that of pure water (19.1%). In addition to the excellent ionic isolation and dye liquid treatment ability, the PNGA shows excellent stability and its energy conversion efficiency remains nearly unchanged after ten consecutive tests. Based on its excellent mechanical stability and high recyclability and a simple and scalable manufacture process, our PNGA sample may have great potential as an efficient photothermal material for a wide range of large-scale applications such as solar steam generation, wastewater treatment, seawater desalination and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis of malignant lymphoma is often difficult since the clinical manifestation of the lymphoma occurred in the maxillofacial region is very similar to that of the squamous cell carcinoma. When the pathological diagnosis is not clear, the surgeon is easy to misdiagnose and lead to mistreatment. A patient visited the Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South Universily for gingival mass with an ipsilateral submaxillary enlargement. The clinical manifestation and preoperative MRI are very prone to squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis, so we did not take a preoperative pathological examination. The gingival mass was surgical removed firstly, but frozen pathological result showed that it was malignant small round cell tumor. Since the patient was diagnosed as high degree malignant of small round cell tumor and the submandibular region have been significantly metastasized, so we carried out the combined radical dissection of gingival, mandible and neck surgery. The postoperative pathological report was malignant lymphoma, suggesting that the patient was a case of misdiagnosis and mistreatment. This article draws lessons from misdiagnosis and provided experience for seeking improvement measures.