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10. Markedly Elevated Aspartate Aminotransferase from Non-Hepatic Causes.

Author

Han, Ji-Hee, Kwak, Ji-Yoon, Lee, Sang-Soo, Kim, Hyun-Gyu, Jeon, Hankyu, and Cha, Ra-Ri

Subjects
*ASPARTATE aminotransferase, *MYOCARDIUM, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *SKELETAL muscle, *SKELETAL muscle injuries, *SURVIVAL rate
Abstract

There have been no reports on mortality in patients with markedly elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels from non-hepatic causes to date. This study aimed to determine the etiologies of markedly elevated AST levels > 400 U/L due to non-hepatic causes and to investigate the factors associated with mortality in these cases. This retrospective study included 430 patients with AST levels > 400 U/L unrelated to liver disease at two centers between January 2010 and December 2021. Patients were classified into three groups according to etiology: skeletal muscle damage, cardiac muscle damage, and hematologic disorder. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with 30-day mortality. The most common etiology for markedly elevated AST levels was skeletal muscle damage (54.2%), followed by cardiac muscle damage (39.1%) and hematologic disorder (6.7%). The 30-day mortality rates for the skeletal muscle damage, cardiac muscle damage, and hematologic disorder groups were 14.2%, 19.5%, and 65.5%, respectively. The magnitude of the peak AST level significantly correlated with 30-day mortality, with rates of 12.8%, 26.7%, and 50.0% for peak AST levels < 1000 U/L, <3000 U/L, and ≥3000 U/L, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, cardiac muscle damage (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–5.80), hematologic disorder (OR = 9.47, 95% CI = 2.95–30.39), peak AST < 3000 U/L (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.36–6.35), and peak AST ≥ 3000 U/L (OR = 9.61, 95% CI = 3.54–26.08) were associated with increased 30-day mortality. Our study revealed three etiologies of markedly elevated AST unrelated to liver disease and showed that etiology and peak AST level significantly affected the survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. Dibutyl succinate, produced by an insect‐pathogenic fungus, Isaria javanica pf185, is a metabolite that controls of aphids and a fungal disease, anthracnose.

Author

Lee, Yong‐Seong, Han, Ji Hee, Kang, Beom Ryong, and Kim, Young Cheol

Subjects
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC fungi, MORTALITY, NYMPHS (Insects), LIQUID chromatography, ANTHRACNOSE
Abstract

BACKGROUND: An entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria javanica pf185, causes mortality in nymphs of the green peach aphid and inhibits the growth of fungal plant pathogens. However, the metabolites of pf185 involved in these antifungal and aphicidal activities are unknown. This study was performed to identify the metabolites with these activities. RESULTS: An antifungal metabolite was purified by repetitive column chromatography and preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Based on data from mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the active metabolite was identified as dibutyl succinate. The minimum concentration of dibutyl succinate to inhibit germination of conidia of the cause of anthracnose, Colletotrichum acutatum, was 4 mg mL−1. Dibutyl succinate at 2 µg mL−1 inhibited mycelial growth. It also had strong aphicidal activity against the nymphs of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, median lethal concentration (LC50) of 306 mg L−1 at 24 h exposure, and median lethal time (LT50) of 14.5 h at 388 mg L−1 exposure. CONCLUSION: This is the first report indicating that a single metabolite, dibutyl succinate, from the beneficial fungus I. javanica, has potential for use in integrated pest management to inhibit both insect and fungal plant pathogens. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry A single metabolite of an entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria javanica, dibutyl succinate, inhibited both spore germination and mycelial growth of a plant pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum acutatum, as well as being an aphicide for Myzus persicae. These findings suggest that I. javanica could be used in integrated pest management to control both fungal disease and aphid attack on crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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