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As technology advances, learning analytics is expanding to include students' collaboration settings. Despite their increasing application in practice, some types of analytics might not fully capture the comprehensive educational contexts in which students' collaboration takes place (e.g., when data is collected and processed without predefined models, which forces users to make conclusions without sufficient contextual information). Furthermore, existing definitions and perspectives on collaboration analytics are incongruent. In light of these circumstances, this opinion paper takes a collaborative classroom setting as context and explores relevant comprehensive models for collaboration analytics. Specifically, this paper is based on Pei-Ling Tan and Koh's ecological lens (2017, Situating learning analytics pedagogically: Towards an ecological lens. Learning: Research and Practice, 3(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2017.1305661), which illustrates the co-emergence of three interactions among students, teachers, and content interwoven with time. Moreover, this paper suggests several factors to consider in each interaction when executing collaboration analytics. Agendas and recommendations for future research are also presented.

Process data are becoming more and more popular in education research. In the field of computer-based assessments of collaborative problem solving (ColPS), process data have been used to identify students' test-taking strategies while working on the assessment, and such data can be used to complement data collected on accuracy and overall performance. Such information can be used to understand, for example, whether students are able to use a range of styles and strategies to solve different problems, given evidence that such cognitive flexibility may be important in labor markets and societies. In addition, process information might help researchers better identify the determinants of poor performance and interventions that can help students succeed. However, this line of research, particularly research that uses these data to profile students, is still in its infancy and has mostly been centered on small- to medium-scale collaboration settings between people (i.e., the human-to-human approach). There are only a few studies involving large-scale assessments of ColPS between a respondent and computer agents (i.e., the human-to-agent approach), where problem spaces are more standardized and fewer biases and confounds exist. In this study, we investigated students' ColPS behavioral patterns using latent profile analyses (LPA) based on two types of process data (i.e., response times and the number of actions) collected from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 ColPS assessment, a large-scale international assessment of the human-to-agent approach. Analyses were conducted on test-takers who: (a) were administered the assessment in English and (b) were assigned the "Xandar" unit at the beginning of the test. The total sample size was N = 2,520. Analyses revealed two profiles (i.e., Profile 1 [95%] vs. Profile 2 [5%]) showing different behavioral characteristics across the four parts of the assessment unit. Significant differences were also found in overall performance between the profiles.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the employment intentions of agriculture high school students in South Korea and to examine the factors associated with their employment intentions. Methodology: A survey was carried out among 1,750 students from six agriculture high schools. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: This study reveals that students are more likely to have employment intentions if (1) they perceive their employability positively, (2) they have lower educational aspirations, (3) their parents are unemployed, and (4) they positively perceive career education in schools. Practical Implications: This study highlights the importance of career education in strengthening students' skills and employability. It also provides insights into the support students receive from schools to enhance their future employment prospects. Theoretical Implications: This study has implications pertaining to the necessity of a modified version of the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) model, which incorporates additional factors that reflect the social contexts of Korea or other countries. Originality: This study is one of the few studies examining factors associated with the employment intentions of agriculture high school students. Its findings could be a helpful resource to promote the employment of students and to address workforce challenges the agricultural industry faces.

Psychiatric mental health clinicians often rely on proxy and self-report evaluations to determine the cognitive function of older adults however, performance measures have greater accuracy and predictive ability for everyday function. This study tested physical and cognitive predictors of functional abilities in fifty-one community residing older adults. We administered a computerized battery of executive function tasks, a performance-based measure of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and three physical function measures (grip strength, 30-second Chair Stand Test, and 8-foot Up and Go). Regression models assessed the associations of three components of executive function (updating, shifting, and inhibition) with IADLs and physical functions. Updating was a significant predictor of the Medications and Financial DAFS scores and of grip strength. Shifting also predicted grip strength. In conclusion, different executive functions predict different domains of IADL functioning. Working memory was a robust predictor of IADL functioning in older adults, especially medication management skills.

A highly orchestrated gene expression program establishes the properties that define mature adipocytes, but the contribution of posttranscriptional factors to the adipocyte phenotype is poorly understood. Here we have shown that the RNA-binding protein PSPC1, a component of the paraspeckle complex, promotes adipogenesis in vitro and is important for mature adipocyte function in vivo. Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation followed by RNA sequencing revealed that PSPC1 binds to intronic and 3'-untranslated regions of a number of adipocyte RNAs, including the RNA encoding the transcriptional regulator EBF1. Purification of the paraspeckle complex from adipocytes further showed that PSPC1 associates with the RNA export factor DDX3X in a differentiation-dependent manner. Remarkably, PSPC1 relocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during differentiation, coinciding with enhanced export of adipogenic RNAs. Mice lacking PSPC1 in fat displayed reduced lipid storage and adipose tissue mass and were resistant to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance due to a compensatory increase in energy expenditure. These findings highlight a role for PSPC1-dependent RNA maturation in the posttranscriptional control of adipose development and function.

The splicing regulator Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein (PTBP1) has four RNA binding domains that each binds a short pyrimidine element, allowing recognition of diverse pyrimidine-rich sequences. This variation makes it difficult to evaluate PTBP1 binding to particular sites based on sequence alone and thus to identify target RNAs. Conversely, transcriptome-wide binding assays such as CLIP identify many in vivo targets, but do not provide a quantitative assessment of binding and are informative only for the cells where the analysis is performed. A general method of predicting PTBP1 binding and possible targets in any cell type is needed. We developed computational models that predict the binding and splicing targets of PTBP1. A Hidden Markov Model (HMM), trained on CLIP-seq data, was used to score probable PTBP1 binding sites. Scores from this model are highly correlated (ρ = -0.9) with experimentally determined dissociation constants. Notably, we find that the protein is not strictly pyrimidine specific, as interspersed Guanosine residues are well tolerated within PTBP1 binding sites. This model identifies many previously unrecognized PTBP1 binding sites, and can score PTBP1 binding across the transcriptome in the absence of CLIP data. Using this model to examine the placement of PTBP1 binding sites in controlling splicing, we trained a multinomial logistic model on sets of PTBP1 regulated and unregulated exons. Applying this model to rank exons across the mouse transcriptome identifies known PTBP1 targets and many new exons that were confirmed as PTBP1-repressed by RT-PCR and RNA-seq after PTBP1 depletion. We find that PTBP1 dependent exons are diverse in structure and do not all fit previous descriptions of the placement of PTBP1 binding sites. Our study uncovers new features of RNA recognition and splicing regulation by PTBP1. This approach can be applied to other multi-RRM domain proteins to assess binding site degeneracy and multifactorial splicing regulation.

We show that the splicing regulator PTBP2 controls a genetic program essential for neuronal maturation. Depletion of PTBP2 in developing mouse cortex leads to degeneration of these tissues over the first three postnatal weeks, a time when the normal cortex expands and develops mature circuits. Cultured Ptbp2(-/-) neurons exhibit the same initial viability as wild type, with proper neurite outgrowth and marker expression. However, these mutant cells subsequently fail to mature and die after a week in culture. Transcriptome-wide analyses identify many exons that share a pattern of mis-regulation in the mutant brains, where isoforms normally found in adults are precociously expressed in the developing embryo. These transcripts encode proteins affecting neurite growth, pre- and post-synaptic assembly, and synaptic transmission. Our results define a new genetic regulatory program, where PTBP2 acts to temporarily repress expression of adult protein isoforms until the final maturation of the neuron. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01201.001.

Few studies have explored the experiences of family caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWD) in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). This study aimed for in-depth exploration on experiences of family caregivers of PLWD in ACT. Individual interviews were conducted with eight family caregivers of PLWD who were women and participated in an eight-week video conferencing ACT program. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two overarching themes emerged, including improved strategies in responding to emotions and thoughts in challenging caregiving situations and taking better care of myself. Participants perceived that ACT skills training improved their coping strategies and, subsequently, their daily emotions and relationship with their relatives with dementia. Participants also perceived ACT strategies and exercises as helpful and applicable resources for daily use in challenging caregiving situations. In addition, ACT helped participants feel comfortable taking the time to take care of themselves without feeling guilty and acknowledge that they must take care of themselves first to take better care of their relatives with dementia. These changes helped caregivers increase their participation in valued activities. This study contributes to the literature by exploring experiences of family caregivers of PLWD in ACT, including its perceived benefits on themselves. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04847986 () What is already known about this topic: Adverse mental health outcomes in family caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWD) can result from caregivers' difficulties in accepting challenges and emotions and the lack of strategies for managing their own emotions and balancing care demands with other important aspects of life. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an evidence-based practice that can promote mental health and engagement in personally valued activities through acceptance and mindfulness processes and behaviour change processes for valued living. There have been only two studies that involved a qualitative approach to explore the experiences of family caregivers of PLWD in ACT. These feasibility studies found that contents covered and the online delivery formats for ACT were acceptable to family caregivers of PLWD. What this topic adds: The present study contributes to the literature with in-depth exploration on experiences of family caregivers of PLWD in ACT with thick descriptions, including the benefits of ACT from the perspectives of family caregivers of PLWD. ACT helped family caregivers of PLWD improve strategies for responding to their emotions and thoughts that arise from challenging caregiving situations. Caregivers also perceived ACT as helpful and applicable for daily use in challenging caregiving situations. ACT helped these caregivers feel comfortable taking the time they needed to take care of themselves without feeling guilty and acknowledge that they must take care of themselves first to take better care of their relatives with dementia; these changes helped caregivers increase their participation in valued activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study examined the preliminary reliability and validity of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module (PedsQL FIM) in families of children with Barth syndrome (BTHS). Method. A total of 72 parents with children or youth between the ages of 5 and 19 participated in this study. Thirty-three parents of children with BTHS and 39 parents of unaffected children completed the PedsQL FIM and a demographic information form. Internal consistency reliability and item-total correlations were calculated to test the reliability of the PedsQL FIM. Construct validity was examined using the known-groups method. We estimated the mean score differences of the PedsQL FIM between the two groups using three different models, including unadjusted, multivariate regression, and propensity score matching with inverse probability of treatment weighting (PS-IPTW) models. Results. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were greater than 0.70 for all scales of the PedsQL FIM, except for the communication scale. The item-total correlations were significant for all scales with moderate to high correlations (p <.05). In construct validity, the mean scores of the PedsQL FIM between the two groups were significantly different (p <.05) for all scales and total score in the unadjusted and PS-IPTW models. However, in the multivariate regression model, the family relationships scale was not significant between the two groups. Conclusion. The PedsQL FIM demonstrated adequate measurement properties of preliminary reliability and validity in assessing the impact of children with BTHS on parental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and family functioning. Further research needs to be conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the PedsQL FIM with a large sample of BTHS and with other pediatric rare diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a dearth of literature that explores the relationships among leisure satisfaction, acceptance of disability, social relationships, and life satisfaction among adults with intellectual disability from Eastern countries. The purpose of this study was to examine how leisure satisfaction, disability acceptance, and social relationships are associated with life satisfaction among Korean adults with mild intellectual disability. This study used the 2011 Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED). Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, the results showed that leisure satisfaction and disability acceptance were statistically significant predictors of life satisfaction. This study suggests that leisure satisfaction and positive disability acceptance can contribute to the psychological and physiological well-being of adults with intellectual disability.