Search

Objectives: To assess the air pollution-associated self-reported symptoms among the general population of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital & Combined Military Hospital,Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2021 to Apr 2022. Methodology: The data was collected using a pre-formed questionnaire and was distributed among the general population that reported to Pak Emirates Military Hospital and Combined Military Hospital OPD, Rawalpindi Pakistan and the students of varying colleges of Islamabad and Rawalpindi Pakistan. People were thoroughly explained about the content and the purpose of our study. The data was collected after their consent and were told about their right to fill whole or part of the form and that they can withdraw or drop out of the study at any point. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23. Results: Mean age of the population was 29.41±12.41 years. The physical effects were categorized according to their scores as mild 54(21.3%), moderate 122(48.2%) and severe 77(30.4%). About 150(50.8%) participants reported positive behavioral and psychological effects of air pollution. About 160(63.4%) people reported that they’ve been using preventive measures to avoid the air pollution associated health effects. While 174(68.8%) people had sufficient awareness regarding air pollution and its effects (p

Problemstilling Vi ønsker å implementere algoritmen for høysensitiv troponin T-måling ved ankomst og etter én time (0/1-timesalgoritmen) for avklaring av pasienter med brystsmerter uten ST- elevasjoner på Skien interkommunale legevakt. Vårt hovedmål med kvalitetsforbedringsprosjektet er å kunne avklare pasienter med brystsmerter på legevakt, og dermed redusere andelen henvisninger av pasienter med brystsmerter fra legevakt til sykehus. Kunnskapsgrunnlag European Society of Cardiology (ESC) har utarbeidet en algoritme for håndtering av akutte brystsmerter uten ST-elevasjon. Retningslinjene anbefaler høysensitiv troponin T-måling ved ankomst og etter én time. Ut ifra endringene i troponinnivåer kan man velge å observere pasienten ytterligere, legge dem inn eller sende dem hjem. Retningslinjene viser at algoritmen har høy negativ prediktiv verdi og trygt kan brukes for å utelukke myokardinfarkt. To norske studier har sett på bruken av disse retningslinjene. Dette ble gjort ved Oslo allmennlegevakt og Levanger sykehus med lovende resultater. Dagens praksis, tiltak og kvalitetsindikatorer Skien legevakt gikk til innkjøp av en maskin for måling av troponin T våren 2021. Av ulike årsaker, deriblant manglende nasjonale retningslinjer, har denne maskinen blitt svært lite brukt. For å måle effekten av kvalitetsforbedringsprosjektet har vi valgt å se på antall ganger maskinen kjøres (prosessindikator) og reduksjon i andelen henvisninger av pasienter med uspesifikke brystsmerter uten ST-elevasjon fra legevakten til sykehuset (prosessindikator). Vi ønsker også å implementere måling av troponin T i en «brystsmertepakke» i journalsystemet (strukturindikator). Prosess, ledelse og organisering Prosjektet består av en arbeidsgruppe med representanter fra Skien legevakt, Skien kommune og Skien sykehus. Vi har utarbeidet ulike faser ved gjennomføring av prosjektet med evalueringer underveis. Prosjektet vil strekke seg over en periode på 12 måneder. Gjennom kvalitetsforbedringsprosjektet har vi brukt Langley et. al. sin modell for kvalitetsforbedring. Konklusjon Etter grundig evaluering av kunnskapsgrunnlaget, samt fordeler og ulemper ved implementering, konkluderer vi med at argumentene for implementering veier tyngre enn argumentene imot. På bakgrunn av dette vurderer vi prosjektet som gjennomførbart.

An automated condition monitoring system is designed to diagnose different type of faults and their severity in an induction motor. The parameters include current, vibration, rotor speed and temperature are used to determine different electrical and mechanical faults. Most of the faults such as stator short windings, broken rotor bars and air gap eccentricity are determined by the frequency domain analysis of current and the technique used for this purpose is Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA). These different faults can be diagnosed using this technique because each type of fault produces a spike in the frequency spectrum at a specific frequency. Winding temperature is also measured to complement the diagnosis based on this technique. Vibration analysis is used to detect mechanical faults; most important of which are the bearing faults and the parameter of rotor speed is required for this purpose. The system designed is capable of working under different load conditions. The system uses MATLAB software, Arduino Microcontroller and inexpensive sensors that's why its a cost effective solution.

Background: The main reason of visual disability is myopia that can be avoided. Objective: The goal of this research study was to assess the extent of myopia and its associated factors in children of age between 6 to 12 years. These children were presented to ophthalmology outpatient of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Patients and methods: From 1st July, 2017 to 30th June 2018, this research study was organized. The children selected for this study were between 6 to 12 years. The study was carried out in ophthalmology outpatient department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Written agreement was sign by the parents of children visiting Ophthalmology outpatient department. Ethical committee of the Hospital accepted the consent. By means of questionnaire, factors that were associated with the disease were noted. Personal information f every child selected for study, was assembled. In this way by using Snellen’s chart, sensitivity of each child wa] noticed. 1% cyclopentolate eye drops were used for these children who were observed sensitivity less than 6/6. Then these children experience refraction. Refraction was carried out by means of retinoscopy. If any dissimilarity was presented, it was examined through chi square test. SPSS-21 was employed for data entry and assessment. The value of P was Results: Total children selected for study were 2936. The percentage of female was 67.37%.The percentage of children between 6 -8 years, 9-11 years and 12 years of age was 32.86% , 54.67% and 12.47 respectively. The percentage of myopic children was 57.93%. The time duration of TV watching was ≤1 hour per day, 2-4 hours and >4 hours in 62.39% ,35.62% and 2.02% children respectively. The percentage of the children were playing games or using computer for 1 hour was 60.72% ,35.66% for 2-4 hours and 3.62% for >4 hours. 17.3% children were reading for ≤1 hours, 76.22% fir 2-8 hours and 6.48% for>8 hours. The family background of 65.8% children was positive for myopia. Conclusion: Work and myopia had strong association. Parental myopia was also linked to myopia. Keywords: Myopia, Risk factors, Reading hours.

Objective: The comparison of sublay and onlay technique for repairing ventral hernia in terms of postoperative drain removal time and wound infection.This randomized controlled study was held from June to December 2018. Sublay took place in Services Hospital Lahore. The hernia patients were divided into two equal groups A and B. Group A was subjected to onlay technique while latter were given sublay repair technique. After 1 year of index surgery operative repair was performed. This time period was necessary for scar maturation. After experiment, data was analyzed using SPSS-23 and time taken for drain removal of both the groups was compared. Results: There were 100 patients, half in each group. Mean age of patients present in group A was 40.30­±0.23 days. The condition in terms of wound infection was also important. Conclusion: For repairing ventral hernia, sublay hernia repair was a good alternative to onlay repair of ventral hernia. Keywords: ventral hernia, sublay, onlay.