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1. The grounds and scope of egalitarian justice

Author

Hampson, S. D.

Subjects
100
Abstract

The main problem that the thesis is concerned with is: in which contexts is the maintenance of inequalities in the distribution of social goods unjust, and why is it unjust in these contexts? The thesis has three main sections. In the first section I reject Thomas Nagel's argument that, even when applied to only the coercive institutions of the state, egalitarian principles could be reasonably rejected on the grounds that they would be overly demanding on those who could be better off in feasible non-egalitarian distributions. In rejecting Nagel's position, I argue that coercion involves a particular justificatory problem which rules out the considerations of partiality that Nagel appeals to from being grounds for reasonable rejection of principles of justice in this context. The focus of the second section is whether egalitarian principles of distributive justice might apply beyond the coercive institutions of the state - to, for example, the broader set of institutions which make up the 'basic structure' of a system of social cooperation. I argue against the recent work of Michael Blake and Thomas Nagel and conclude that institutional coercion, while sufficient to ground egalitarian principles of distributive justice, is not necessary. Non-coercive interactions in which one has no reasonable alternative but to comply with another's will may also raise the justificatory problems which lead us to egalitarianism. The third section discusses whether principles of egalitarian distributive justice apply beyond institutions, and to personal decisions, through what G.A. Cohen has called an 'egalitarian ethos'. I argue that while no compelling ground for the egalitarian ethos has yet been given, the arguments against it in the recent literature are also flawed. In particular, I argue that the objections that an egalitarian ethos would be overly 'demanding' or fail to meet a 'publicity constraint’ are not convincing.

Published
2009

2. Phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic modification of P102L inherited prion disease in an international series

Author

Webb, TEF, Poulter, M, Beck, J, Uphill, J, Adamson, G, Campbell, T, Linehan, J, Powell, C, Brandner, S, Pal, S, Siddique, D, Wadsworth, JD, Joiner, S, Alner, K, Petersen, C, Hampson, S, Rhymes, C, Treacy, C, Storey, E, Geschwind, MD, Nemeth, AH, Wroe, S, Collinge, J, and Mead, S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Psychology, Rare Diseases, Genetics, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Neurodegenerative, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE), Genetic Testing, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Adult, Age of Onset, Aged, Brain, Electrocardiography, Electromyography, England, Europe, Female, Genealogy and Heraldry, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease, Haplotypes, Heterozygote, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Pedigree, Phenotype, Point Mutation, Prions, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, P102L, sCJD, early-onset dementia, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, prion disease, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

The largest kindred with inherited prion disease P102L, historically Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, originates from central England, with émigrés now resident in various parts of the English-speaking world. We have collected data from 84 patients in the large UK kindred and numerous small unrelated pedigrees to investigate phenotypic heterogeneity and modifying factors. This collection represents by far the largest series of P102L patients so far reported. Microsatellite and genealogical analyses of eight separate European kindreds support multiple distinct mutational events at a cytosine-phosphate diester-guanidine dinucleotide mutation hot spot. All of the smaller P102L kindreds were linked to polymorphic human prion protein gene codon 129M and were not connected by genealogy or microsatellite haplotype background to the large kindred or each other. While many present with classical Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, a slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with later onset cognitive impairment, there is remarkable heterogeneity. A subset of patients present with prominent cognitive and psychiatric features and some have met diagnostic criteria for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. We show that polymorphic human prion protein gene codon 129 modifies age at onset: the earliest eight clinical onsets were all MM homozygotes and overall age at onset was 7 years earlier for MM compared with MV heterozygotes (P = 0.02). Unexpectedly, apolipoprotein E4 carriers have a delayed age of onset by 10 years (P = 0.02). We found a preponderance of female patients compared with males (54 females versus 30 males, P = 0.01), which probably relates to ascertainment bias. However, these modifiers had no impact on a semi-quantitative pathological phenotype in 10 autopsied patients. These data allow an appreciation of the range of clinical phenotype, modern imaging and molecular investigation and should inform genetic counselling of at-risk individuals, with the identification of two genetic modifiers.

Published
2008

3. Preanalytical Considerations and Outpatient Versus Inpatient Tests of Plasma Metanephrines to Diagnose Pheochromocytoma

Author

Pommer, G., Pamporaki, C., Peitzsch, M., Remde, H., Deutschbein, T., Nölting, S., Müller, L.M., Braun, L., Gruber, S., Pecori, A., Hampson, S., Davies, E., Stell, A., Rossi, G.P., Lenzini, L., Ceccato, F., Timmers, H.J.L.M., Deinum, J., Amar, L., Blanchard, A., Baron, S., Fassnacht, M., Dobrowolski, P., Januszewicz, A., Zennaro, M.C., Prejbisz, A., Eisenhofer, G., Pommer, G., Pamporaki, C., Peitzsch, M., Remde, H., Deutschbein, T., Nölting, S., Müller, L.M., Braun, L., Gruber, S., Pecori, A., Hampson, S., Davies, E., Stell, A., Rossi, G.P., Lenzini, L., Ceccato, F., Timmers, H.J.L.M., Deinum, J., Amar, L., Blanchard, A., Baron, S., Fassnacht, M., Dobrowolski, P., Januszewicz, A., Zennaro, M.C., Prejbisz, A., and Eisenhofer, G.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, CONTEXT: Sampling of blood in the supine position for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) results in lower rates of false positives for plasma normetanephrine than seated sampling. It is unclear how inpatient vs outpatient testing and other preanalytical factors impact false positives. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify preanalytical precautions to minimize false-positive results for plasma metanephrines. METHODS: Impacts of different blood sampling conditions on plasma metanephrines were evaluated, including outpatient vs inpatient testing, sampling of blood in semi- vs fully recumbent positions, use of cannulae vs direct venipuncture, and differences in outside temperature. A total of 3147 patients at 10 tertiary referral centers were tested for PPGL, including 278 with and 2869 without tumors. Rates of false-positive results were analyzed. RESULTS: Outpatient rather than inpatient sampling resulted in 44% higher plasma concentrations and a 3.4-fold increase in false-positive results for normetanephrine. Low temperature, a semi-recumbent position, and direct venipuncture also resulted in significantly higher plasma concentrations and rates of false-positive results for plasma normetanephrine than alternative sampling conditions, although with less impact than outpatient sampling. Higher concentrations and rates of false-positive results for plasma normetanephrine with low compared with warm temperatures were only apparent for outpatient sampling. Preanalytical factors were without impact on plasma metanephrines in patients with PPGL. CONCLUSION: Although inpatient blood sampling is largely impractical for screening patients with suspected PPGL, other preanalytical precautions (eg, cannulae, warm testing conditions) may be useful. Inpatient sampling may be reserved for follow-up of patients with difficult to distinguish true- from false-positive results.

Published
2022

25. A Guide to Courseware Authoring Options in ESL/FL Instruction.

Author

Hampson, S. L.

Abstract

A guide to courseware authoring aids for computer-assisted language instruction (CALIS) gives suggestions for the selection and use of programing options and provides an annotated listing of those options. Introductory sections discuss the use of computer-assisted language teaching, the selection of quality courseware, the types of authoring aids available, and the elements of authored instruction. The latter sections provide detailed, step-by-step instructions for creating an instructional unit with the CALIS author program. A product registry follows, with each entry including the vendor's name, address, and telephone number, the program title, price, a description of the program's features, computer system requirements, and the program's capability to accommodate foreign languages. Software directories and projects are also listed, the programs are indexed by languages and fonts, and a bibliography is provided. (MSE)

Published
1988

30. Urology I

Author

Young, M. R. A., Johnston, S. R., Rowlands, B. J., Gillan, I. T. F., Keane, P. F., Kernohan, R. M., Booth, C. M., Alam, A., Al-Dabbagh, M., Dawkins, G. P. C., Harrison, N. W., Hampson, S. J., Davies, J. H., Charig, C. R., and Shearer, R. J.

Published
1992
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33. Abstracts of the Hans Selye Symposium on Neuroendocrinology and Stress: September 13–15, 1989 Estérel, Quebec, Canada

Author

Amjad, Hassan, Jafary, H. A., Bakke, H. K., Murison, R., Burks, T. F., Peterson, Julia M., Cho, C. H., Koq, M. W. L., Oqle, C. W., Evangelista, S., Renzi, D., Meli, A., Fändriks, L., Flemström, G., Garner, A., Gregory, H., Hampson, S. E., Stanier, A. M., Willshire, I. R., Young, J. A., Gilloteaux, J., Pomerants, B. J., Kelly, T. R., Menu, R., Pelletier, G., Vanderhaeghen, J. J., Glavin, G. B., Gompertz, R. H. K., Goodlad, R. A., Wright, N. A., Michalowski, A., Baron, J. H., Williamson, R. C. N., Mathie, R. T., Michalowskit, A., Guth, P., Hanson, W. R., Houseman, K. A., Collins, P. W., Henke, P. G., Hernandez, D. E., Walker, C. H., Xue, B. G., Fitts, N., Zhao, A. B., Valenzuela, J. E., Mason, G. A., Holzer, P., Japundžić, I., Levi, E., Rakić, L. J., Japundžić, M., Kauffman, Jr., G. L., Kitajima, M., Konturek, S. J., Krantis, A., McKay, A., Duchesne, L., Kuwayama, H., Matsuo, Y., Eastwood, G. L., Liu, Jun-Li, Zhang, Xi-Jin, Wang, Chih-Chun, Yao, De-Jia, Huang, Jin, Wei, Ning, MacOueen, G., Bienenstock, J., Perdue, M. H., Miller, T. A., Smith, G. S., Stanislawska, M., Phan, T. M., Henagan, J. M., Morales, R. E., Johnson, B., Szabo, S., Morris, G. P., Mózsik, Gy., Király, á., Garamszegi, M., Nagy, L., SütŐ, G., Tóth, Gy., Vincze, á., Jávor, T., Osumi, Y., Okuma, Y., Yokotani, K., Nagata, M., Paré, W. P., Redei, E., Rangachari, P. K., Prior, T., Bell, R. A., Shanahan, Fergus, Sikirić, P., Rotkvić, I., Miše, S., Petek, M., Ručman, R., Seiwerth, S., Marshall, J. F., Neumeyer, J. L., Taché, Y., Wallace, John L., Weiner, H., Xing, L., King, J., Bryan, R., Yabana, T., Kondo, Y., Yachi, A., Yagci, R. V., Alptekin, N., Rossowski, W. J., Brown, A., Coy, D. H., Ertan, A., Yeginsu, A. O., Hammer, R. A., Arimura, A., Zhang, W. -R., Robert, A., Zheng Z. T., Wang Z. Y., Zhang L., Huang C. W., Bertók, L., Vattay, P., Kato, K., Folkman, J., Pozo, F., Fueyo, A., Esteban, M. M., Marín, B., and Rojo-Ortega, J. M.

Published
1989
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36. Benchmarking: the key to improved performance and lower costs

Author

Akther, F., Hampson, S., and Shibli, A.

Subjects
Power plants -- Economic aspects -- Statistics, Electric power-plants -- Economic aspects -- Statistics, Benchmarks -- Economic aspects -- Statistics, Benchmark, Business, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

The increase in the delivery of non-dispatchable renewable energy, together with a number of other factors, has resulted in an increasing requirement for electricity generators to have the ability to [...]

Published
2014

38. Preface to volume II

Author

Eliasz, A, Hampson, S.E, De Raad, B., Eliasz, A., Hampson, S. E., de Raad, B., Social Psychology, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology

Published
2005

40. The measurement of satisfaction with health care: implications for practice from a systematic review of the literature

Author

Crow, R., Gage, H., Hampson, S., Hart, J., Kimber, A., Storey, L., and Thomas, H.

Subjects
measurement of satisfaction, implications for practice, variasjon, health care, kvalitet, tjenestetilbud
Abstract

Satisfaction and its measurement are important for public policy analysts, healthcare managers, practitioners and users. Despite problems with establishing a tangible definition of “satisfaction” and difficulties with its measurement, the concept continues to be widely used. In many instances when investigators claim to be measuring satisfaction, more general evaluations of healthcare services are being undertaken. Satisfaction can be measured indirectly by asking users to rate the quality of services they have received, or report their experiences. Selection (or deselection) of providers is an objective behavioural indicator of satisfaction in healthcare systems where consumers’ choices are not constrained. Healthcare is a multi-dimensional service, but many means of measuring satisfaction do not show consumers’ relative preferences for different attributes, even though such information is important for cost-effective decision-making.

Published
2003

42. Understanding gender differences in older people's attitudes towards life-prolonging medical technologies

Author

Arber, S, Vandrevala, T, Daly, T, Hampson, S, Arber, S, Vandrevala, T, Daly, T, and Hampson, S

Abstract

The power of medical technologies to extend the final stages of life has heightened the need to understand what factors influence older people's wish to use such medical technologies. We analyse gender differences in such views, based on audio-recorded interviews with 33 men and 36 women (aged 65–93) in south-east England. Older women were twice as likely as men to oppose using medical technologies to extend life. More older women voiced ‘other-oriented’ reasons for their opposition, particularly not wanting to be a burden on others. Older men's attitudes were primarily ‘self-oriented’, reflecting a concern to stay alive for as long as possible, with fewer expressing concern about consequences for others. Women's greater life course involvement in caring and empathising with the wishes and concerns of others underlay these gender differences. Thus, women were ‘performing gender’ by putting others before themselves, even at this critical juncture in their lives.

Published
2008

45. Should all patients with ureteric colic be admitted?

Author

Morris, S. B., Hampson, S. J., Gordon, E. M., Shearer, R. J., and Woodhouse, C. R.

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Colic, Middle Aged, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, surgical procedures, operative, Patient Admission, Clinical Protocols, Letters and Comment, Humans, Ureteral Diseases, Emergency Service, Hospital, Research Article, Aged
Abstract

A two-part study was undertaken to determine if all patients with uncomplicated ureteric colic require admission. The analgesic requirements and outcome in 31 patients admitted with ureteric colic were assessed; 20/31 (64%) required no further analgesia after admission and 8/31 (26%) required only oral/rectal analgesia. In the second part of the study a protocol was introduced allowing patients with no complicating factors to be discharged directly from the A&E department. Of 58 patients seen in the A&E department, 29 were discharged for outpatient follow-up. Of these patients, 19 required no additional acute hospital treatment, five returned for further parenteral analgesia but outside the time they would have stayed in hospital under our previous protocol (ie beyond 48 h) and three returned within 48 h of their first attendance with pain which had not responded to oral analgesics. No patient discharged from A&E subsequently required intervention for obstruction or infection. We conclude that it is not necessary to admit patients with uncomplicated ureteric colic if the initial colic has been relieved and there is adequate social support.

Published
1995

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