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While the science supporting fisheries management has generally been dominated by the natural sciences, there has been a growing recognition that managing fisheries essentially means managing economic systems. Indeed, over the past seven decades, economic ideas and insights have increasingly come to play a role in fisheries management and policy. As an illustration of this, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has been actively seeking to expand the scope of its scientific expertise beyond natural sciences [another inter-governmental marine science organization which has done this over the same period is the North Pacific Marine Science organization (PICES)]. In particular, the recently created ICES Working Group on Economics set out to review current work and key future needs relating to economic research and management advice on marine capture fisheries. This article presents the results of this review and addresses how economic research can be incorporated into the science of ICES to provide integrated perspectives on fisheries systems that can contribute to the provision of advice in support of policy development and management decision-making for sustainable uses of living marine resources.

While the science supporting fisheries management has generally been dominated by the natural sciences, there has been a growing recognition that managing fisheries essentially means managing economic systems. Indeed, over the past seven decades, economic ideas and insights have increasingly come to play a role in fisheries management and policy. As an illustration of this, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has been actively seeking to expand the scope of its scientific expertise beyond natural sciences [another inter-governmental marine science organization which has done this over the same period is the North Pacific Marine Science organization (PICES)]. In particular, the recently created ICES Working Group on Economics set out to review current work and key future needs relating to economic research and management advice on marine capture fisheries. This article presents the results of this review and addresses how economic research can be incorporated into the science of ICES to provide integrated perspectives on fisheries systems that can contribute to the provision of advice in support of policy development and management decision-making for sustainable uses of living marine resources.

While the science supporting fisheries management has generally been dominated by the natural sciences, there has been a growing recognition that managing fisheries essentially means managing economic systems. Indeed, over the past seven decades, economic ideas and insights have increasingly come to play a role in fisheries management and policy. As an illustration of this, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has been actively seeking to expand the scope of its scientific expertise beyond natural sciences [another inter-governmental marine science organization which has done this over the same period is the North Pacific Marine Science organization (PICES)]. In particular, the recently created ICES Working Group on Economics set out to review current work and key future needs relating to economic research and management advice on marine capture fisheries. This article presents the results of this review and addresses how economic research can be incorporated into the science of ICES to provide integrated perspectives on fisheries systems that can contribute to the provision of advice in support of policy development and management decision-making for sustainable uses of living marine resources.

SEAwise deliverable 6.7 is the first of two deliverables in task 6.4. It investigates the consistency of existing targets and limits from the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Trade-offs between different objectives (ecological, economic, social), targets and limits are highlighted. A wide range of model types (from bio-economic to full ecosystem models) has been applied to various case study areas across the North East Atlantic and Mediterranean. Although model predictions are by nature uncertain, this study provides important information on likely inconsistencies between existing targets and limits and trade-offs expected under ecosystem- based fisheries management (EBFM). The scenarios investigated include the current range of management applied in terms of the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) concept (i.e. strict MSY approach vs. Pretty Good Yield (PGY) approach allowing sustainable deviations from single species FMSY point estimates). The landing obligation is a key aspect of current fisheries management and was fully considered, in particular for mixed demersal fisheries. Maintaining current fishing effort without further management measures was the least sustainable option in nearly all cases studies. This approach led to increased risk of stocks falling below critical biomass limits. Although the fishing effort adaptions needed is highly case specific, this indicates that further management measures are likely to be needed to ensure a sustainable exploitation of all stocks. Scenarios applying a strict MSY approach in combination with the landing obligation (i.e. FMSY as upper limit with fisheries ending when the first stock reaches FMSY) in most case studies led to the lowest fishing effort. This had positive effects on MSFD related indicators such as bycatch of Protected, Endangered and Threatened (PET) species, benthic impact and the Large Fish Indicator as well as global indicators such as CO2 emission or eco

Fishing is a human activity with various social and economic implications. In most countries, those implications are key factors to consider when deciding on specific management strategies. In this report, the fisheries management strategies implemented in the different European marine regions are reviewed, and relevant indicators, models and tools that can be used to predict the effectiveness of these strategies, from a social and economic point of view are identified. The objective was to identify the critical social and economic aspects of fisheries, relevant social and economic indicators, and regionally-relevant management measures to be considered in the evaluations of different management strategies later in the project. The scoping consultations and systematic reviews identified a long list of potentially relevant key social and economic aspects and management measures. Among these, the most frequently mentioned items identified in scoping with stakeholders were windfarms, employment/jobs, MPAs, food supply, small-scale fisheries, local communities and pollution. The systematic review identified landings (volume or value), effort (days at sea), fuel costs, number of vessels, profit, aspects of costs, economic performance, sustainability-resilience, compliance and capacity as frequently occurring topics. The fisheries management policies most frequently mentioned were effort control, landing obligation, Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ), MPAs and TAC. Among the papers analyzed, more than 30%, concerned the Mediterranean region, followed by Western Waters, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, indicating a higher contribution of Mediterranean studies to the conclusions. Aspects identified frequently in both scoping and in systematic reviews included MPAs and small-scale fisheries, which were all identified in both methods as frequently occurring. However, there were also aspects which appeared to be represented differently in the evaluations (e

The SEAwise project works to deliver a fully operational tool that will allow fishers, managers, and policy makers to easily apply Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) in their own fisheries. One of the key uncertainties in fisheries science and management can be linked to (our understanding of) fishers behaviour. In this deliverable we seek to better understand fishers behaviour by assessing literature, interviews and data to advance towards a better representation of fisher behaviour in our modelling. A better understanding of fisher behaviour is especially needed in the context of change affecting Europe’s marine ecosystems. Change is both related to the natural part of the ecosystem (i.e. climate change) as to the social side of the ecosystem (i.e. building of windparks).To that aim we present 9 different case studies in Europe as examples of how fisher behaviour has been studied and which factors are (or can be) relevant for a better understanding of fisher behaviour. Each case study ends with a table summarising the factors influencing behaviour, the categories within that factor and the (potential) application in modelling as well as the implications for management. The table below summarises the factors found / used in the case studies and the elements (social, cultural, ecological, economic and institutional) to which the relate. A variety of social factors were identified that are promising for use in modelling. A key conclusion is that social data are often context dependant and cannot be copy pasted from one situation to the other and in some case, additional data needs to be collected. The cases also demonstrate that mixed methods approaches and interdisciplinary approaches are key to get in-depth of understanding of fisher behaviour in fisheries science.

In this report, indicative insight is provided into the economic effects of future spatial scenarios on the North Sea usage functions. For each of these scenarios, the annual effects on the various usage functions on the Dutch part of the North Sea are calculated or qualitatively described for the years 2017 and 2040/2050. The economic effects are calculated in terms of the annual direct and indirect production value, added value, employment (FTE) and mitigation costs., In deze studie wordt een indicatieve economische vertaling gemaakt van de effecten van verschillende ruimtelijke inrichtingsvarianten op de Noordzee gebruiksfuncties. Hierbij wordt voor elke inrichtingsvariant de effecten waar mogelijk kwantitatief doorgerekend en waar dat niet mogelijk is kwalitatief beoordeeld voor de jaren 2017 en 2040/2050. De economische effecten worden hierbij berekend in termen van de jaarlijkse directe en indirecte productiewaarde, toegevoegde waarde, werkgelegenheid (fte) en mitigatiekosten.

In this report, indicative insight is provided into the economic and ecological effects of four future spatial scenarios on the North Sea usage functions. For each of these scenarios, the annual effects on the various usage functions on the Dutch part of the North Sea are calculated or qualitatively described for the years 2017 and 2040/2050. The economic effects are calculated in terms of the annual direct and indirect production value, added value and employment (FTE). The ecological effects are expressed in terms of risk for species groups (seabirds, seals, porpoises and other cetaceans, bats, fish and reef-building species) and cumulative impacts for ecosystem components (birds, fish, marine mammals and habitats)., In deze verkenning wordt een indicatieve economische en ecologische vertaling gemaakt van de effecten van vier verschillende ruimtelijke inrichtingsvarianten op de Noordzee gebruiksfuncties. Hierbij wordt voor elke inrichtingsvariant de effecten waar mogelijk kwantitatief doorgerekend en waar dat niet mogelijk is kwalitatief beoordeeld voor het referentiejaar 2017 en de jaren 2040/2050. De economische effecten worden hierbij berekend in termen van de jaarlijkse directe en indirecte productiewaarde, toegevoegde waarde en werkgelegenheid (fte). De ecologische effecten worden hierbij weergegeven in termen van risico voor soortgroepen (zeevogels, zeehonden, bruinvis en andere walvisachtigen, vleermuizen, vissen en rifbouwende soorten) en cumulatieve impacts voor ecosysteem componenten (vogels, vissen, zeezoogdieren en habitats).

Natural capital accounts (NCA), also known as ecosystem accounts, is an approach for systematically measuring and monitoring the condition of ecosystems and corresponding ecosystem services over time, with the aim to support research, decision-making and planning. It is argued that natural resources will be more sustainably used and managed when the relationship between ecosystems and economic and other human activities is considered. In a reflection of the Statistics Netherlands (CBS) report Natural capital accounts for the North Sea: The physical SEEA EEA accounts (CBS, 2019), the objective of this report is to identify and improve ecosystems, conditions and physical accounts for the North Sea as well as to identify methods and sources to calculate values (prices) of ecosystem services provided, in preparation for the North Sea natural capital accounts.

IMARES and LEI are both contracted on occasion to perform VMS-analyses to produce maps of fishing activity or economic value of fisheries in particular area(s) in the North Sea. Until present, IMARES and LEI use their own methodology which is inspired mostly on their own unique data availabilities which may lead to different results. This in turn may lead to questioning of these methodologies and results, especially in relation to estimations of economic value. The aim of the current study is to compare both methodologies by IMARES and LEI en decide upon a common (unique) methodology for producing fishing activity and value maps and estimating economic value of specific areas. The current report describes the jointly agreed methodology between scientists from IMARES and LEI, using input from the fishing industry. This methodology can be readily applied in future projects aimed at describing the value of particular areas in the North Sea in terms of fishing activity. A secondary aim - included on request of the Dutch Fish Product Board (PVIS) - is to address the question of how IMARES and/or LEI can make use of knowledge of the fishing industry in VMS mapping projects.

In 2020 moet 16% van de Nederlandse energievoorzieing duurzaam worden opgewekt. Windenergie op zee is een van de duurzame energiebronnen die Nederland gaat gebruiken om deze doelstelling te halen. Begin 2013 is besloten om een Haalbaarheidsstudie naar de (on)mogelijkheden van windenergie binnen de 12 mijlszone uit te voeren. In deze haalbaarheidsstudie worden de mogelijke effecten op de opbrengstwaarde voor de beroeps- en recreatieve visserij - indien windmolenparken worden aangelegd binnen vijf geselecteerde zoekgebieden - in kaart gebracht.