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3. ASCEND-Eye: Effects of Aspirin on Diabetic Retinopathy

Author

Sammons, Emily, Bowman, Louise, Stevens, William, Buck, Georgina, Hammami, Imen, Parish, Sarah, Armitage, Jane, Collins, R., Armitage, J., Bowman, L., Parish, S., Peto, R., Barton, J., Simpson, D., Adler, A., Aung, T., Baigent, C., Bodansky, H.J., Farmer, A., Haynes, R., McPherson, R., Mafham, M., Neil, H.A.W., Samani, N., Sleight, P., Weissberg, P., Sandercock, P., Gerstein, H., Gray, R., Hennekens, C., Fletcher, L., Murphy, K., Hurley, S., Lee, R., Pickworth, S., Willett, M., Wincott, M., Sammons, E., Lay, M., Buck, G., Murawska, A., Stevens, W., Wallendszus, K., Young, A., Hammami, I., Melham, K., Brown, G., Latham-Mollart, J., Brewer, A., Scanlon, P., Patel, P., Olson, M., Kay, J., Banerjee, S., Evans, L., Davies, A., Griffiths, M., Clayton, H., Kirby, P., Pennington, M., Clarke, D., Anslow, J., Hallam, A., Witts, J., Egan, S., Wharton, A., Sachdev, A., Derbyshire, A., Williamson, E., Hepplestone, K., Mithra, S., Oliver, S., Wiatrak-Olszewska, P., Gazis, T., Alvey, K., Wu, E., Cook, H., Gregory, N., Parkinson, P., Anderson, J., Bolter, L., Maharajan, P., McFee, R., Allsop, L., Sowter, D., Hodgson, D., Thow, J., Featonby, J., Furnival, R., Lipinski, H., Benjamin, H., McAfee, T., Payne, E., Still, L., Sammons, Emily L., Bowman, Louise J., and Stevens, William M.

Published
2024
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4. ASCEND-Eye: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Diabetic Retinopathy

Author

Sammons, Emily, Bowman, Louise, Stevens, William, Buck, Georgina, Hammami, Imen, Parish, Sarah, Armitage, Jane, Collins, R., Armitage, J., Barton, J., Simpson, D., Adler, A., Aung, T., Baigent, C., Bodansky, H.J., Farmer, A., Haynes, R., McPherson, R., Mafham, M., Neil, H.A.W., Samani, N., Sleight, P., Weissberg, P., Sandercock, P., Gerstein, H., Gray, R., Hennekens, C., Fletcher, L., Murphy, K., Hurley, S., Lee, R., Pickworth, S., Willett, M., Wincott, M., Lay, M., Buck, G., Murawska, A., Stevens, W., Wallendszus, K., Young, A., Hammami, I., Brown, G., Latham-Mollart, J., Brewer, A., Scanlon, P., Patel, P., Olson, M., Kay, J., Banerjee, S., Evans, L., Davies, A., Griffiths, M., Clayton, H., Kirby, P., Pennington, M., Clarke, D., Anslow, J., Hallam, A., Witts, J., Egan, S., Wharton, A., Sachdev, A., Derbyshire, A., Williamson, E., Hepplestone, K., Mithra, S., Oliver, S., Wiatrak-Olszewska, P., Gazis, T., Alvey, K., Wu, E., Cook, H., Gregory, N., Parkinson, P., Anderson, J., Bolter, L., Maharajan, P., McFee, R., Allsop, L., Sowter, D., Hodgson, D., Thow, J., Featonby, J., Furnival, R., Lipinski, H., Benjamin, H., McAfee, T., Payne, E., Still, L., Sammons, Emily L., Bowman, Louise J., and Stevens, William M.

Published
2024
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14. ASCEND-Eye

Author

Sammons, Emily L., primary, Buck, Georgina, additional, Bowman, Louise J., additional, Stevens, William M., additional, Hammami, Imen, additional, Parish, Sarah, additional, Armitage, Jane, additional, Sammons, Emily, additional, Bowman, Louise, additional, Stevens, William, additional, Collins, R., additional, Armitage, J., additional, Bowman, L., additional, Parish, S., additional, Peto, R., additional, Barton, J., additional, Simpson, D., additional, Adler, A., additional, Aung, T., additional, Baigent, C., additional, Bodansky, H.J., additional, Farmer, A., additional, Haynes, R., additional, McPherson, R., additional, Mafham, M., additional, Neil, H.A.W., additional, Samani, N., additional, Sleight, P., additional, Weissberg, P., additional, Sandercock, P., additional, Gerstein, H., additional, Gray, R., additional, Hennekens, C., additional, Fletcher, L., additional, Murphy, K., additional, Hurley, S., additional, Lee, R., additional, Pickworth, S., additional, Willett, M., additional, Wincott, M., additional, Sammons, E., additional, Lay, M., additional, Buck, G., additional, Murawska, A., additional, Stevens, W., additional, Wallendszus, K., additional, Young, A., additional, Hammami, I., additional, Melham, K., additional, Brown, G., additional, Latham-Mollart, J., additional, Brewer, A., additional, Scanlon, P., additional, Patel, P., additional, Olson, M., additional, Kay, J., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Evans, L., additional, Davies, A., additional, Griffiths, M., additional, Clayton, H., additional, Kirby, P., additional, Pennington, M., additional, Clarke, D., additional, Anslow, J., additional, Hallam, A., additional, Witts, J., additional, Egan, S., additional, Wharton, A., additional, Sachdev, A., additional, Derbyshire, A., additional, Williamson, E., additional, Hepplestone, K., additional, Mithra, S., additional, Oliver, S., additional, Wiatrak-Olszewska, P., additional, Gazis, T., additional, Alvey, K., additional, Wu, E., additional, Cook, H., additional, Gregory, N., additional, Parkinson, P., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Bolter, L., additional, Maharajan, P., additional, McFee, R., additional, Allsop, L., additional, Sowter, D., additional, Hodgson, D., additional, Thow, J., additional, Featonby, J., additional, Furnival, R., additional, Lipinski, H., additional, Benjamin, H., additional, McAfee, T., additional, Payne, E., additional, and Still, L., additional

Published
2024
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15. Roles of Lysine-63-linked ubiquitination on Hif-1α in cell fate decisions between cell proliferation and apoptosis under cadmium effects in epithelial cells

Author

Chargui, Abderrahmen, primary, Belaid, Amine, additional, Hashem, Abeer, additional, Al-Hazzani, Amal A., additional, Abd_Allah, Elsayed Fathi, additional, Hammami, Imen, additional, Nahdi, Afef, additional, Marzougui, Salem, additional, Hofman, Paul, additional, Elmay, Michèle, additional, and Mograbi, Baharia, additional

Published
2023
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16. ASCEND-Eye

Author

Sammons, Emily L., primary, Buck, Georgina, additional, Bowman, Louise J., additional, Stevens, William M., additional, Hammami, Imen, additional, Parish, Sarah, additional, Armitage, Jane, additional, Sammons, Emily, additional, Bowman, Louise, additional, Stevens, William, additional, Collins, R., additional, Armitage, J., additional, Barton, J., additional, Simpson, D., additional, Adler, A., additional, Aung, T., additional, Baigent, C., additional, Bodansky, H.J., additional, Farmer, A., additional, Haynes, R., additional, McPherson, R., additional, Mafham, M., additional, Neil, H.A.W., additional, Samani, N., additional, Sleight, P., additional, Weissberg, P., additional, Sandercock, P., additional, Gerstein, H., additional, Gray, R., additional, Hennekens, C., additional, Fletcher, L., additional, Murphy, K., additional, Hurley, S., additional, Lee, R., additional, Pickworth, S., additional, Willett, M., additional, Wincott, M., additional, Lay, M., additional, Buck, G., additional, Murawska, A., additional, Stevens, W., additional, Wallendszus, K., additional, Young, A., additional, Hammami, I., additional, Brown, G., additional, Latham-Mollart, J., additional, Brewer, A., additional, Scanlon, P., additional, Patel, P., additional, Olson, M., additional, Kay, J., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Evans, L., additional, Davies, A., additional, Griffiths, M., additional, Clayton, H., additional, Kirby, P., additional, Pennington, M., additional, Clarke, D., additional, Anslow, J., additional, Hallam, A., additional, Witts, J., additional, Egan, S., additional, Wharton, A., additional, Sachdev, A., additional, Derbyshire, A., additional, Williamson, E., additional, Hepplestone, K., additional, Mithra, S., additional, Oliver, S., additional, Wiatrak-Olszewska, P., additional, Gazis, T., additional, Alvey, K., additional, Wu, E., additional, Cook, H., additional, Gregory, N., additional, Parkinson, P., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Bolter, L., additional, Maharajan, P., additional, McFee, R., additional, Allsop, L., additional, Sowter, D., additional, Hodgson, D., additional, Thow, J., additional, Featonby, J., additional, Furnival, R., additional, Lipinski, H., additional, Benjamin, H., additional, McAfee, T., additional, Payne, E., additional, and Still, L., additional

Published
2023
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20. Genetic associations of adult height with risk of cardioembolic and other subtypes of ischemic stroke: A mendelian randomization study in multiple ancestries

Author

Linden, Andrew B., Clarke, Robert, Hammami, Imen, Hopewell, Jemma C., Guo, Yu, Whiteley, William N., Lin, Kuang, Turnbull, Iain, Chen, Yiping, Yu, Canqing, Lv, Jun, Offer, Alison, Bennett, Derrick, Walters, Robin G., Li, Liming, Chen, Zhengming, and Parish, Sarah

Subjects
Stature, Tall -- Health aspects, Stroke (Disease) -- Risk factors -- Genetic aspects -- Prevention, Genetic research, Atrial fibrillation -- Risk factors -- Genetic aspects, Genetic variation -- Health aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background Taller adult height is associated with lower risks of ischemic heart disease in mendelian randomization (MR) studies, but little is known about the causal relevance of height for different subtypes of ischemic stroke. The present study examined the causal relevance of height for different subtypes of ischemic stroke. Methods and findings Height-associated genetic variants (up to 2,337) from previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were used to construct genetic instruments in different ancestral populations. Two-sample MR approaches were used to examine the associations of genetically determined height with ischemic stroke and its subtypes (cardioembolic stroke, large-artery stroke, and small-vessel stroke) in multiple ancestries (the MEGASTROKE consortium, which included genome-wide studies of stroke and stroke subtypes: 60,341 ischemic stroke cases) supported by additional cases in individuals of white British ancestry (UK Biobank [UKB]: 4,055 cases) and Chinese ancestry (China Kadoorie Biobank [CKB]: 10,297 cases). The associations of genetically determined height with established cardiovascular and other risk factors were examined in 336,750 participants from UKB and 58,277 participants from CKB. In MEGASTROKE, genetically determined height was associated with a 4% lower risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 0.99; p = 0.007) of ischemic stroke per 1 standard deviation (SD) taller height, but this masked a much stronger positive association of height with cardioembolic stroke (13% higher risk, OR 1.13 [95% CI 1.07, 1.19], p < 0.001) and stronger inverse associations with large-artery stroke (11% lower risk, OR 0.89 [0.84, 0.95], p < 0.001) and small-vessel stroke (13% lower risk, OR 0.87 [0.83, 0.92], p < 0.001). The findings in both UKB and CKB were directionally concordant with those observed in MEGASTROKE, but did not reach statistical significance: For presumed cardioembolic stroke, the ORs were 1.08 (95% CI 0.86, 1.35; p = 0.53) in UKB and 1.20 (0.77, 1.85; p = 0.43) in CKB; for other subtypes of ischemic stroke in UKB, the OR was 0.97 (95% CI 0.90, 1.05; p = 0.49); and for other nonlacunar stroke and lacunar stroke in CKB, the ORs were 0.89 (0.80, 1.00; p = 0.06) and 0.99 (0.88, 1.12; p = 0.85), respectively. In addition, genetically determined height was also positively associated with atrial fibrillation (available only in UKB), and with lean body mass and lung function, and inversely associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in both British and Chinese ancestries. Limitations of this study include potential bias from assortative mating or pleiotropic effects of genetic variants and incomplete generalizability of genetic instruments to different populations. Conclusions The findings provide support for a causal association of taller adult height with higher risk of cardioembolic stroke and lower risk of other ischemic stroke subtypes in diverse ancestries. Further research is needed to understand the shared biological and physical pathways underlying the associations between height and stroke risks, which could identify potential targets for treatments to prevent stroke., Author(s): Andrew B. Linden 1, Robert Clarke 1, Imen Hammami 1, Jemma C. Hopewell 1, Yu Guo 2, William N. Whiteley 1,3, Kuang Lin 1, Iain Turnbull 1, Yiping Chen [...]

Published
2022
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21. Stroke Width Transform for Linear Structure Detection: Application to River and Road Extraction from High-Resolution Satellite Images

Author

Sghaier, Moslem Ouled, Hammami, Imen, Foucher, Samuel, Lepage, Richard, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, Series Editor, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Sudan, Madhu, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Vardi, Moshe Y, Series Editor, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Karray, Fakhri, editor, Campilho, Aurélio, editor, and Cheriet, Farida, editor

Published
2017
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27. Extensive Investigation on the Effect of Niobium Insertion on the Physical and Biological Properties of 45S5 Bioactive Glass for Dental Implant

Author

Hammami, Imen, primary, Gavinho, Sílvia Rodrigues, additional, Pádua, Ana Sofia, additional, Lança, Maria do Carmo, additional, Borges, João Paulo, additional, Silva, Jorge Carvalho, additional, Sá-Nogueira, Isabel, additional, Jakka, Suresh Kumar, additional, and Graça, Manuel Pedro Fernandes, additional

Published
2023
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28. On the Estimation of Mass Functions Using Self Organizing Maps

Author

Hammami, Imen, Dezert, Jean, Mercier, Grégoire, Hamouda, Atef, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, Series editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, Series editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series editor, Siekmann, Jörg, Series editor, and Cuzzolin, Fabio, editor

Published
2014
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29. In Vitro Characterization of Doped Bioglass 45S5/HAp Coatings Obtained by CoBlast TM Deposition.

Author

Pádua, Ana Sofia, Gavinho, Sílvia Rodrigues, Vieira, Tânia, Hammami, Imen, Silva, Jorge Carvalho, Borges, João Paulo, and Graça, Manuel Pedro Fernandes

Subjects
HYDROXYAPATITE coating, BIOACTIVE glasses, SURFACE coatings, DOPING agents (Chemistry), ALKALINE phosphatase, ORAL surgery, CELL adhesion, BONE regeneration
Abstract

Bone replacement is one of the major medical procedures in the oral surgery field due to the progressive ageing population and to illness or trauma in younger age groups. The use of implants without biological activity and effective osseointegration increases the chances of implant failure. This work aims to improve the interaction between implants and bone by using Bioglass 45S5 (BG)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) mixtures, including copper-, zinc-, and cerium-doped BG, as well as co-doping by the mentioned metals, as coatings produced by the CoBlastTM technique. All coatings present a uniform coverage of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Furthermore, in vitro testing using human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells indicated that BG/HAp coatings have no cytotoxic effect, and the used of doping agents did not alter cell adhesion, proliferation, or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression when compared to undoped coating. These results demonstrate that BG/HAp by CoBlastTM can be a solution to improve implants' osseointegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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30. Generic Discounting Evaluation Approach for Urban Image Classification

Author

Samet, Ahmed, Hammami, Imen, Lefèvre, Eric, Hamouda, Atef, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Qin, Zengchang, editor, and Huynh, Van-Nam, editor

Published
2013
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31. In vivo exposure to a new 2‐cyano‐2‐ p ‐nitrophenyl‐ N ‐benzylthioamide decreases doxorubicin‐triggered structural damages in the mature testis

Author

Boussada, Marwa, primary, Hammami, Imen, additional, Ben Ali, Ridha, additional, Ammar, Awatef Ben, additional, Alves, Marco, additional, Oliveira, Pedro Fontes, additional, Akacha, Azaiez Ben, additional, Abdelkarim, Ines Limam, additional, Zekri, Sami, additional, and El May, Michèle Véronique, additional

Published
2022
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33. Weight loss in a cardiovascular trial population identifies people at future risk of dementia

Author

Van Der Veere, Pieter, Hammami, Imen, Buck, Georgina, Greenland, Melanie, Offer, Alison, Nunn, Michelle, Whiteley, William, Bulbulia, Richard, Collins, Rory, Armitage, Jane, Mafham, Marion, Parish, Sarah, and Group, The Heart Protection Study Collaborative

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

Introduction Populations at increased risk of dementia need to be identified for well-powered trials of preventive interventions. Weight loss, which often occurs in pre-clinical dementia, could identify a population at sufficiently high dementia risk. Methods In 12,975 survivors in the Heart Protection Study statin trial of people with, or at high risk of, cardiovascular disease, the association of weight change over 5 years during the trial with post-trial dementia recorded in electronic hospital admission and death records (n = 784) was assessed, after adjustment for age, sex, treatment allocation, and deprivation measures. Results Among the 60% without substantial weight gain (≤2 kg weight gain), each 1 kg weight loss was associated with a risk ratio for dementia of 1.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.07). Weight loss ≥4 kg and cognitive function below the mean identified participants aged ≥67 years with a 13% 10-year dementia risk. Discussion The combination of weight loss and high vascular risk identified individuals at high risk of dementia who could be recruited to dementia prevention trials.

Published
2022

44. Fusion d'images de télédétection hétérogènes par méthodes crédibilistes

Author

Hammami , Imen, Département lmage et Traitement Information (IMT Atlantique - ITI), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique, Basel Solaiman, Khaled Bsaïes, Département lmage et Traitement Information ( ITI ), and IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique )

Subjects
Optical and radar images, Théorie des fonctions de croyance, Théorie des copules, Carte de Kohonen, Fusion des données hétérogènes, Kohonen's map, Belief function theory, Copula theory, Heterogeneous data fusion, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [ INFO.INFO-TI ] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing, Dependencies, Images optiques et radars, Dépendances, Estimation
Abstract

With the advent of new image acquisition techniques and the emergence of high-resolution satellite systems, remote sensing data to be exploited have become increasingly rich and varied. Their combination has thus become essential to improve the process of extracting useful information related to the physical nature of the observed surfaces. However, these data are generally heterogeneous and imperfect, which poses several problems in their joint treatment and requires the development of specific methods. It is in this context that falls this thesis that aimed at developing a new evidential fusion method dedicated to heterogeneous remote sensing images processing at high resolution. In order to achieve this objective, we first focus our research, firstly, on the development of a new approach for the belief functions estimation based on Kohonen’s map in order to simplify the masses assignment operation of the large volumes of data occupied by these images. The proposed method allows to model not only the ignorance and the imprecision of our sources of information, but also their paradox. After that, we exploit this estimation approach to propose an original fusion technique that will solve problems due to the wide variety of knowledge provided by these heterogeneous sensors. Finally, we study the way in which the dependence between these sources can be considered in the fusion process using the copula theory. For this reason, a new technique for choosing the most appropriate copula is introduced. The experimental part of this work isdevoted to land use mapping in case of agricultural areas using SPOT-5 and RADARSAT-2 images. The experimental study carried out demonstrates the robustness and effectiveness of the approaches developed in the framework of this thesis.; Avec l’avènement de nouvelles techniques d’acquisition d’image et l’émergence des systèmes satellitaires à haute résolution, les données de télédétection à exploiter sont devenues de plus en plus riches et variées. Leur combinaison est donc devenue essentielle pour améliorer le processus d’extraction des informations utiles liées à la nature physique des surfaces observées. Cependant, ces données sont généralement hétérogènes et imparfaites ce qui pose plusieurs problèmes au niveau de leur traitement conjoint et nécessite le développement de méthodes spécifiques. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit cette thèse qui vise à élaborer une nouvelle méthode de fusion évidentielle dédiée au traitement des images de télédétection hétérogènes à haute résolution. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, nous axons notre recherche, en premier lieu, sur le développement d’une nouvelle approche pour l’estimation des fonctions de croyance basée sur la carte de Kohonen pour simplifier l’opération d’affectation des masses des gros volumes de données occupées par ces images. La méthode proposée permet de modéliser non seulement l’ignorance et l’imprécision de nos sources d’information, mais aussi leur paradoxe. Ensuite, nous exploitons cette approche d’estimation pour proposer une technique de fusion originale qui permettra de remédier aux problèmes dus à la grande variété des connaissances apportées par ces capteurs hétérogènes. Finalement, nous étudions la manière dont la dépendance entre ces sources peut être considérée dans le processus de fusion moyennant la théorie des copules. Pour cette raison, une nouvelle technique pour choisir la copule la plus appropriée est introduite. La partie expérimentale de ce travail est dédiée à la cartographie de l’occupation des sols dans les zones agricoles en utilisant des images SPOT-5 et RADARSAT-2. L’étude expérimentale réalisée démontre la robustesse et l’efficacité des approches développées dans le cadre de cette thèse.

Published
2017

46. Chronic crude garlic-feeding modified adult male rat testicular markers: mechanisms of action

Author

El May Michèle V, Benahmed Mohamed, Amara Souheila, Hammami Imen, and Mauduit Claire

Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Reproduction, QH471-489
Abstract

Abstract Background Garlic or Allium sativum (As) shows therapeutic effects such as reduction of blood pressure or hypercholesterolemia but side-effects on reproductive functions remain poorly investigated. Because of garlic's chemical complexity, the processing methods and yield in preparations differ in efficacy and safety. In this context, we clarify the mechanisms of action of crushed crude garlic on testicular markers. Methods During one month of treatment, 24 male rats were fed 5%, 10% and 15% crude garlic. Results We showed that crude garlic-feeding induced apoptosis in testicular germ cells (spermatocytes and spermatids). This cell death process was characterized by increased levels of active CASP3 but not CASP6. Expression of the caspase inhibitors BIRC3 and BIRC2 was increased at all doses of As while expression of XIAP and BIRC5 was unchanged. Moreover, expression of the IAP inhibitor DIABLO was increased at doses 10% and 15% of As. The germ cell death process induced by As might be related to a decrease in testosterone production because of the reduced expression of steroidogenic enzymes (Star, Cyp11a, Hsd3b5 and Hsd17b). Evaluation of Sertoli markers showed that TUBB3 and GSTA2 expression was unchanged. In contrast, AMH, RHOX5 and CDKN1B expression was decreased while GATA4 expression was increased. Conclusion In summary, we showed that feeding with crude garlic inhibited Leydig steroidogenic enzyme expression and Sertoli cell markers. These alterations might induce apoptosis in testicular germ cells.

Published
2009
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