Search

We strengthen the connection between Information Theory and quantum-mechanical systems using a recently developed dequantization procedure whereby quantum fluctuations latent in the quantum momentum are suppressed. The dequantization procedure results in a decomposition of the quantum kinetic energy as the sum of a classical term and a purely quantum term. The purely quantum term, which results from the quantum fluctuations, is essentially identical to the Fisher information. The classical term is complementary to the Fisher information and, in this sense, it plays a role analogous to that of the Shannon entropy. We demonstrate the kinetic energy decomposition for both stationary and nonstationary states and employ it to shed light on the nature of kinetic-energy functionals., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. To appear in J. Comput. Appl. Math

We employ a recently formulated dequantization procedure to obtain an exact expression for the kinetic energy which is applicable to all kinetic-energy functionals. We express the kinetic energy of an N-electron system as the sum of an N-electron classical kinetic energy and an N-electron purely quantum kinetic energy arising from the quantum fluctuations that turn the classical momentum into the quantum momentum. This leads to an interesting analogy with Nelson's stochastic approach to quantum mechanics, which we use to conceptually clarify the physical nature of part of the kinetic-energy functional in terms of statistical fluctuations and in direct correspondence with Fisher Information Theory. We show that the N-electron purely quantum kinetic energy can be written as the sum of the (one-electron) Weizsacker term and an (N-1)-electron kinetic correlation term. We further show that the Weizsacker term results from local fluctuations while the kinetic correlation term results from the nonlocal fluctuations. For one-electron orbitals (where kinetic correlation is neglected) we obtain an exact (albeit impractical) expression for the noninteracting kinetic energy as the sum of the classical kinetic energy and the Weizsacker term. The classical kinetic energy is seen to be explicitly dependent on the electron phase and this has implications for the development of accurate orbital-free kinetic-energy functionals. Also, there is a direct connection between the classical kinetic energy and the angular momentum and, across a row of the periodic table, the classical kinetic energy component of the noninteracting kinetic energy generally increases as Z increases., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Theor Chem Acc

The Iowa Higher Education Facilities Commission and the Office of New Degree Programs designed a study with five missions: (1) to identify who the nontraditional learners are and define their learning needs; (2) to inventory all of the unusual educational services already in place; (3) to recommend ways of informing the public more fully about opportunities that now exist; (4) to determine what additional or alternative educational delivery systems might be needed; and (5) to evaluate a proposal for a new type of degree program which was put forward in 1973. Survey instruments were used to conduct a statewide, demographically-based interview field poll, along with an extensive interview system and reviews of similar studies. Extensive results and recommendations were reported. It was concluded that results show that the post secondary institutions in Iowa are excellent, numerous, and of high quality, but heavily oriented to the traditional, full-time younger person who is embarking upon his or her career. However, as the demand for on-campus study decreases, resources must be gradually reallocated to accommodate mature learners. (HAB)

A statewide study of the needs of continuing education opportunities for persons motivated toward further study but unable to take advantage of conventional delivery systems of postsecondary education is reported. Four data collective activities were utilized: a learning interest interview field poll of 800 respondents; an inventory of current programs in Iowa for nontraditional students; a 3 to 5 percent sample survey of adult and part-time nontraditional learners currently enrolled in programs; and a series of eight group interviews of nonenrolled adults in separate geographical regions. Data were also gathered first-hand from the institutions themselves. Trends in other states were studied as well. Conclusions and recommendations are outlined regarding policies, balance, expansion, Iowa Commonwealth College, services, cooperation, and data. Projections of the learning population in the year 2000 were used to emphasize the potential magnitude of the national enrollment, and it was found that in Iowa an even larger percentage of the population will be adults and/or retired. It is suggested that if Iowa is successful in adapting its educational enterprises, the nontraditional learner will not only be well-served but will have become the traditional learner by the year 2000. (LBH)

This survey identified problems encountered by deans and admissions staff from 35 graduate schools regarding a typical undergraduate assessment and reporting procedures such as credit by examination, credit for prior learning or field experience, narrative transcripts, and pass/fail grading. Eighteen of these schools were studied in depth via site visits in order to provide attitudinal and anecdotal information. Graduate school deans and faculty reported that they have not received a great number of nonstandard transcripts or transcripts with nonstandard notation. Nevertheless, when such records do appear in student applications, they cause two major problems: because grades usually are not associated with nonstandard notation, grade-point averages cannot be calculated easily; and information that explains nonstandard notation rarely accompanies the transcripts. Credit by examination, credit for prior learning, and credit for faculty-sponsored field experience cause fewer problems in the admissions process than narrative transcripts, provided the number of these credits is small and not in the student's major field. Narrative descriptions of achievement are problematic because of the lack of a comparative basis for judgment, the uneven nature of the descriptions, and the length of the reports. Survey questions and sample transcripts are appended. (Author/GDC)

The Dual Employed Coping Scales (DECS) were developed to measure coping behaviors and patterns of dual-employed families. The original DECS (58 self-report items) was administered to a sample of 60 individuals in dual-employed families. In another study, in which 69 dual-employed couples completed the DECS and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales, factor analytic procedures for the DECS yielded 49 items with internal reliability and 4 patterns of coping: (1) maintaining, restructuring, and strengthening the family system; (2) procurement of support to maintain family roles; (3) modifying roles and standards to maintain work/family balance; and (4) maintaining a positive perspective on the lifestyle and reducing tension and strains. Analysis of DECS data suggested gender role differentiation in dual-employed coping styles. Dual-employed wives used significantly more coping behaviors than their husbands, with much effort focused on accommodating their work to their family. Successful family adaptation also related to the wives' attempts to accommodate work to family, while the husbands' use of time for personal coping behaviors such as exercising appeared to interfere with family adaptation. Results of the study support the DECS as a tool for measuring dual-employed family coping behaviors. (MCF)

This book is an outgrowth of two major projects. The first is a research investigation being conducted by the Center for Prisoner of War Studies, and the second is the extension of services to families. The volume encompasses three major periods: the waiting period (early 1960's to February 1973); the repatriation period (February 1973 to April 1973); and the readjustment and reintegration period (April 1973 to the present). Chapters are organized and presented in the context of these periods. Introductory chapters provide a historical perspective of the Prisoner of War (PW) and Missing in Action (MIA) situation in Southeast Asia, as well as a demographic profile of the men and their families. In the second section, the casualty and waiting period, the complexity of family adjustment to father absence is emphasized. The third section is devoted to repatriation and the returned prisoner of war. The fourth section, which covers the readjustment and reintegration period, describes major dilemmas and factors involved in adjustment, such as adjustment of families of returned prisoners of war, and adjustment of relatives of servicemen missing or killed in action. The final section examines underlying assumptions, theories and concepts characterizing the military outreach and follow-up program for returned PW's, their families, and families of MIA servicemen. (Author/JLL)

We show that the geometric phase arising from a conical intersection of the lowest potential energy surfaces of HO2 causes its bending vibrational wavefunctions to be double valued, which allows them to be locally symmetric on one side of the intersection and locally antisymmetric on the other. The material of the proposed publication was reviewed and the technical content will not reveal any information not already in the public domain and will not give any foreign industry or government a competitive advantage.

We calculate vibrational levels and wave functions for HO2 using the recently reported ab initio potential energy surface of Walch and Duchovic. There is intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer when the hydrogen atom tunnels through a T-shaped saddle point separating two equivalent equilibrium geometries, and correspondingly, the energy levels are split. We focus on vibrational levels and wave functions with significant splitting. The first three vibrational levels with splitting greater than 2/cm are (15 0), (0 7 1) and (0 8 0) where V(sub 2) is the O-O-H bend quantum number. We discuss the dynamics of hydrogen atom transfer; in particular, the O-O distances at which hydrogen atom transfer is most probable for these vibrational levels. The material of the proposed presentation was reviewed and the technical content will not reveal any information not already in the public domain and will not give any foreign industry or government a competitive advantage.

Examined the relationship of gender-role orientation and specific behavioral coping responses of wives (N=82) experiencing a long-term separation from their military spouses. Results showed that an androgynous gender-role orientation was significantly associated with four of the five coping patterns identified as helpful to wives managing a separation. (LLL)

Traditional approaches to family stress theory have underscored the importance of the family as a reactor to stress, as a manager of resources within the family system. In contrast, the active process of employing coping strategies within the family and in transactions with the community have received limited consideration in both research and theory building. This paper examines three studies of family coping strategies employed in adapting to family separations. Through analysis of coping strategies which vary according to the severity of the stressors (family separations) an attempt is made to clarify the role of coping behavior in family stress theory. Three concepts of Community Norms, Interpersonal Supports, and Collective Supports are introduced into the family stress framework, along with new propositions. Family coping behavior, which is an active, rather than reactive process, is viewed as a vital if not critical aspect of family stress theory. (Author)

Recent developments in family stress and coping research and a review of data and observations of families in a war-induced crisis situation led to an investigation of the relationship between a stressor and family outcomes. The study, based on the Double ABCX Model in which A (the stressor event) interacts with B (the family's crisis-meeting resources) which interacts with C (the family's interpretation of the event) which produces X (the crisis), was designed to study variables that discriminate between balanced and imbalanced family units faced with the chronic strain of raising a child with cerebral palsy. The 217 families responded to questionnaires about family life changes and parental coping. The balanced group revealed moderate scores on cohesion and adaptability subscales. This group was able to change their power structure, role relationships, and rules in response to stress. The imbalanced families were characterized by rigidity and chaos. The data partially support a multivariate and interactive approach to the study of differences between balanced and imbalanced families. (JAC)