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4. The 2024 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action

Author

van Daalen, K.R., Tonne, C., Semenza, J.C, Rocklöv, J., Markandya, A., Dasandi, N., Jankin, S., Achebak, H., Ballester, J., Bechara, H., Beck, .T.M., Callaghan, M.W., Carvalho, B.M., Chambers, J., Pradas, M.C., Courtenay, O., Dasgupta, S., Eckelman, M.J., Farooq, Z., Fransson, P., Gallo, E., Gasparyan, O., Gonzalez-Reviriego, N., Hamilton, I., Hänninen, R., Hatfield, C., He, K., Kazmierczak, A., Kendrovski, V., Kennard, H., Kiesewetter, G., Kouznetsov, R., Kriit, H.K., Llabrés-Brustenga, A., Lloyd, S.J., Batista, M.L., Maia, C., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Mi, Z., Milà, C., Minx, J.C., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Palamarchuk, J., Pantera, D.K., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Rafaj, P., Robinson, E., Sánchez-Valdivia, N., Scamman, D., Schmoll, O., Sewe, M.O., Sherman, J.D., Singh, P., Sirotkina, E., Sjödin, H., Sofiev, M., Solaraju-Murali, B., Springmann, M., Treskova, M., Triñanes, J., Vanuytrecht, E., Wagner, F., Walawender, M., Warnecke, L., Zhang, R., Romanello, M., Antò, J.M., Nilsson, M., Lowe, R., van Daalen, K.R., Tonne, C., Semenza, J.C, Rocklöv, J., Markandya, A., Dasandi, N., Jankin, S., Achebak, H., Ballester, J., Bechara, H., Beck, .T.M., Callaghan, M.W., Carvalho, B.M., Chambers, J., Pradas, M.C., Courtenay, O., Dasgupta, S., Eckelman, M.J., Farooq, Z., Fransson, P., Gallo, E., Gasparyan, O., Gonzalez-Reviriego, N., Hamilton, I., Hänninen, R., Hatfield, C., He, K., Kazmierczak, A., Kendrovski, V., Kennard, H., Kiesewetter, G., Kouznetsov, R., Kriit, H.K., Llabrés-Brustenga, A., Lloyd, S.J., Batista, M.L., Maia, C., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Mi, Z., Milà, C., Minx, J.C., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Palamarchuk, J., Pantera, D.K., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Rafaj, P., Robinson, E., Sánchez-Valdivia, N., Scamman, D., Schmoll, O., Sewe, M.O., Sherman, J.D., Singh, P., Sirotkina, E., Sjödin, H., Sofiev, M., Solaraju-Murali, B., Springmann, M., Treskova, M., Triñanes, J., Vanuytrecht, E., Wagner, F., Walawender, M., Warnecke, L., Zhang, R., Romanello, M., Antò, J.M., Nilsson, M., and Lowe, R.

Abstract

Record-breaking temperatures were recorded across the globe in 2023. Without climate action, adverse climate-related health impacts are expected to worsen worldwide, affecting billions of people. Temperatures in Europe are warming at twice the rate of the global average, threatening the health of populations across the continent and leading to unnecessary loss of life. The Lancet Countdown in Europe was established in 2021, to assess the health profile of climate change aiming to stimulate European social and political will to implement rapid health-responsive climate mitigation and adaptation actions. In 2022, the collaboration published its indicator report, tracking progress on health and climate change via 33 indicators and across five domains. This new report tracks 42 indicators highlighting the negative impacts of climate change on human health, the delayed climate action of European countries, and the missed opportunities to protect or improve health with health-responsive climate action. The methods behind indicators presented in the 2022 report have been improved, and nine new indicators have been added, covering leishmaniasis, ticks, food security, health-care emissions, production and consumption-based emissions, clean energy investment, and scientific, political, and media engagement with climate and health. Considering that negative climate-related health impacts and the responsibility for climate change are not equal at the regional and global levels, this report also endeavours to reflect on aspects of inequality and justice by highlighting at-risk groups within Europe and Europe's responsibility for the climate crisis.

Published
2024
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5. Energy epidemiology : an epidemiological approach to empirically-based population-level energy demand research

Author

Hamilton, I. G., Oreszczyn, T., Steadman, J. P., and Summerfield, A. J.

Subjects
333.79
Abstract

The shift to a low carbon economy and the need to address energy demand priorities will involve the retrofit of millions of buildings resulting in changes in energy demand services at the national and international scale. Studying energy demand in buildings at a population level is different than in individual or small samples because of population heterogeneity. Evaluating policies and determining the effect of technologies in situ in millions of buildings means using techniques that support that level of analysis and use empirically derived data that can represent complex real-world conditions. Health epidemiology, which studies the distribution and determinants of population health outcomes, offers a compelling framework for studying population level energy demand. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the adaption of the conceptual and methodological framework of epidemiology can support the study of energy, people and buildings. This thesis tests this hypothesis by examining relevant epidemiological concepts and its methodological framework along with three studies that adapt and apply epidemiological methods to energy demand and energy efficiency retrofits in UK houses. The method studies use a database of over 13 million dwellings to study energy efficiency retrofit uptake and their impact on energy demand. The method study findings support the case that an epidemiological approach to energy demand provides an appropriate and plausible conceptual and methodological framework for determining population-level evidence to inform modelling and policy development and evaluation. Adapting the epidemiological approach is not a panacea to dealing with the challenges facing the field of research in energy demand in buildings. However, it does provide a set of concepts, methods and analysis tools that are capable of supporting an empirically-based population-level research approach, identified as a necessary step towards to developing a robust foundation of evidence.

Published
2015

6. Fisher Information and Kinetic-energy Functionals: A Dequantization Approach

Author

Hamilton, I. P. and Mosna, Ricardo A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We strengthen the connection between Information Theory and quantum-mechanical systems using a recently developed dequantization procedure whereby quantum fluctuations latent in the quantum momentum are suppressed. The dequantization procedure results in a decomposition of the quantum kinetic energy as the sum of a classical term and a purely quantum term. The purely quantum term, which results from the quantum fluctuations, is essentially identical to the Fisher information. The classical term is complementary to the Fisher information and, in this sense, it plays a role analogous to that of the Shannon entropy. We demonstrate the kinetic energy decomposition for both stationary and nonstationary states and employ it to shed light on the nature of kinetic-energy functionals., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. To appear in J. Comput. Appl. Math

Published
2009
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7. Classical kinetic energy, quantum fluctuation terms and kinetic-energy functionals

Author

Hamilton, I. P., Mosna, Ricardo A., and Site, L. Delle

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Mathematical Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We employ a recently formulated dequantization procedure to obtain an exact expression for the kinetic energy which is applicable to all kinetic-energy functionals. We express the kinetic energy of an N-electron system as the sum of an N-electron classical kinetic energy and an N-electron purely quantum kinetic energy arising from the quantum fluctuations that turn the classical momentum into the quantum momentum. This leads to an interesting analogy with Nelson's stochastic approach to quantum mechanics, which we use to conceptually clarify the physical nature of part of the kinetic-energy functional in terms of statistical fluctuations and in direct correspondence with Fisher Information Theory. We show that the N-electron purely quantum kinetic energy can be written as the sum of the (one-electron) Weizsacker term and an (N-1)-electron kinetic correlation term. We further show that the Weizsacker term results from local fluctuations while the kinetic correlation term results from the nonlocal fluctuations. For one-electron orbitals (where kinetic correlation is neglected) we obtain an exact (albeit impractical) expression for the noninteracting kinetic energy as the sum of the classical kinetic energy and the Weizsacker term. The classical kinetic energy is seen to be explicitly dependent on the electron phase and this has implications for the development of accurate orbital-free kinetic-energy functionals. Also, there is a direct connection between the classical kinetic energy and the angular momentum and, across a row of the periodic table, the classical kinetic energy component of the noninteracting kinetic energy generally increases as Z increases., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Theor Chem Acc

Published
2006
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9. The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms

Author

Romanello, M, di Napoli, C, Green, C, Kennard, H, Lampard, P, Scamman, D, Walawender, M, Ali, Z, Ameli, N, Ayeb-Karlsson, S, Beggs, PJ, Belesova, K, Ford, LB, Bowen, K, Cai, W, Callaghan, M, Campbell-Lendrum, D, Chambers, J, Cross, TJ, van Daalen, KR, Dalin, C, Dasandi, N, Dasgupta, S, Davies, M, Dominguez-Salas, P, Dubrow, R, Ebi, KL, Eckelman, M, Ekins, P, Freyberg, C, Gasparyan, O, Gordon-Strachan, G, Graham, H, Gunther, SH, Hamilton, I, Hang, Y, Hanninen, R, Hartinger, S, He, K, Heidecke, J, Hess, JJ, Hsu, S-C, Jamart, L, Jankin, S, Jay, O, Kelman, I, Kiesewetter, G, Kinney, P, Kniveton, D, Kouznetsov, R, Larosa, F, Lee, JKW, Lemke, B, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Lott, M, Lotto Batista, M, Lowe, R, Sewe, MO, Martinez-Urtaza, J, Maslin, M, McAllister, L, McMichael, C, Mi, Z, Milner, J, Minor, K, Minx, JC, Mohajeri, N, Momen, NC, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Morrissey, K, Munzert, S, Murray, KA, Neville, T, Nilsson, M, Obradovich, N, O'Hare, MB, Oliveira, C, Oreszczyn, T, Otto, M, Owfi, F, Pearman, O, Pega, F, Pershing, A, Rabbaniha, M, Rickman, J, Robinson, EJZ, Rocklov, J, Salas, RN, Semenza, JC, Sherman, JD, Shumake-Guillemot, J, Silbert, G, Sofiev, M, Springmann, M, Stowell, JD, Tabatabaei, M, Taylor, J, Thompson, R, Tonne, C, Treskova, M, Trinanes, JA, Wagner, F, Warnecke, L, Whitcombe, H, Winning, M, Wyns, A, Yglesias-Gonzalez, M, Zhang, S, Zhang, Y, Zhu, Q, Gong, P, Montgomery, H, Costello, A, Romanello, M, di Napoli, C, Green, C, Kennard, H, Lampard, P, Scamman, D, Walawender, M, Ali, Z, Ameli, N, Ayeb-Karlsson, S, Beggs, PJ, Belesova, K, Ford, LB, Bowen, K, Cai, W, Callaghan, M, Campbell-Lendrum, D, Chambers, J, Cross, TJ, van Daalen, KR, Dalin, C, Dasandi, N, Dasgupta, S, Davies, M, Dominguez-Salas, P, Dubrow, R, Ebi, KL, Eckelman, M, Ekins, P, Freyberg, C, Gasparyan, O, Gordon-Strachan, G, Graham, H, Gunther, SH, Hamilton, I, Hang, Y, Hanninen, R, Hartinger, S, He, K, Heidecke, J, Hess, JJ, Hsu, S-C, Jamart, L, Jankin, S, Jay, O, Kelman, I, Kiesewetter, G, Kinney, P, Kniveton, D, Kouznetsov, R, Larosa, F, Lee, JKW, Lemke, B, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Lott, M, Lotto Batista, M, Lowe, R, Sewe, MO, Martinez-Urtaza, J, Maslin, M, McAllister, L, McMichael, C, Mi, Z, Milner, J, Minor, K, Minx, JC, Mohajeri, N, Momen, NC, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Morrissey, K, Munzert, S, Murray, KA, Neville, T, Nilsson, M, Obradovich, N, O'Hare, MB, Oliveira, C, Oreszczyn, T, Otto, M, Owfi, F, Pearman, O, Pega, F, Pershing, A, Rabbaniha, M, Rickman, J, Robinson, EJZ, Rocklov, J, Salas, RN, Semenza, JC, Sherman, JD, Shumake-Guillemot, J, Silbert, G, Sofiev, M, Springmann, M, Stowell, JD, Tabatabaei, M, Taylor, J, Thompson, R, Tonne, C, Treskova, M, Trinanes, JA, Wagner, F, Warnecke, L, Whitcombe, H, Winning, M, Wyns, A, Yglesias-Gonzalez, M, Zhang, S, Zhang, Y, Zhu, Q, Gong, P, Montgomery, H, and Costello, A

Published
2023

10. Blood-brain barrier leakage hotspots collocating with brain lesions due to sporadic and monogenic small vessel disease.

Author

Rudilosso, S., Stringer, M.S., Thrippleton, M., Chappell, F., Blair, G.W., Jaime Garcia, D., Doubal, F., Hamilton, I., Janssen, E., Kopczak, A., Ingrisch, M., Kerkhofs, D., Backes, W.H., Staals, J., Duering, M., Dichgans, M., Wardlaw, J.M., Rudilosso, S., Stringer, M.S., Thrippleton, M., Chappell, F., Blair, G.W., Jaime Garcia, D., Doubal, F., Hamilton, I., Janssen, E., Kopczak, A., Ingrisch, M., Kerkhofs, D., Backes, W.H., Staals, J., Duering, M., Dichgans, M., and Wardlaw, J.M.

Abstract

01 september 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is known to be impaired in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), and is measurable by dynamic-contrast enhancement (DCE)-MRI. In a cohort of 69 patients (42 sporadic, 27 monogenic SVD), who underwent 3T MRI, including DCE and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) sequences, we assessed the relationship of BBB-leakage hotspots to SVD lesions (lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and microbleeds). We defined as hotspots the regions with permeability surface area product highest decile on DCE-derived maps within the white matter. We assessed factors associated with the presence and number of hotspots corresponding to SVD lesions in multivariable regression models adjusted for age, WMH volume, number of lacunes, and SVD type. We identified hotspots at lacune edges in 29/46 (63%) patients with lacunes, within WMH in 26/60 (43%) and at the WMH edges in 34/60 (57%) patients with WMH, and microbleed edges in 4/11 (36%) patients with microbleeds. In adjusted analysis, lower WMH-CVR was associated with presence and number of hotspots at lacune edges, and higher WMH volume with hotspots within WMH and at WMH edges, independently of the SVD type. In conclusion, SVD lesions frequently collocate with high BBB-leakage in patients with sporadic and monogenic forms of SVD.

Published
2023

11. The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms

Author

Romanello, M., Napoli, C., Green, C., Kennard, H., Lampard, P., Scamman, D., Walawender, M., Ali, Z., Ameli, N., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Beggs, P., Belesova, K., Berrang Ford, L., Bowen, K., Cai, W., Callaghan, M., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Chambers, J., Cross, T., van Daalen, K., Dalin, C., Dasandi, N., Dasgupta, S., Davies, M., Dominguez-Salas, P., Dubrow, R., Ebi, K., Eckelman, M., Ekins, P., Freyberg, C., Gasparyan, O., Gordon-Strachan, G., Graham, H., Gunther, S., Hamilton, I., Hang, Y., Hänninen, R., Hartinger, S., He, K., Heidecke, J., Hess, J., Hsu, S., Jamart, L., Jankin, S., Jay, O., Kelman, I., Kiesewetter, G., Kinney, P., Kniveton, D., Kouznetsov, R., Larosa, F., Lee, J., Lemke, B., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lott, M., Lotto Batista, M., Lowe, R., Odhiambo Sewe, M., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Maslin, M., McAllister, L., McMichael, C., Mi, Z., Milner, J., Minor, K., Minx, J., Mohajeri, N., Momen, N., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Morrissey, K., Munzert, S., Murray, K., Neville, T., Nilsson, M., Obradovich, N., O'Hare, M., Oliveira, C., Oreszczyn, T., Otto, M., Owfi, F., Pearman, O., Pega, F., Pershing, A., Rabbaniha, M., Rickman, J., Robinson, E., Rocklöv, J., Salas, R., Semenza, J., Sherman, J., Shumake-Guillemot, J., Silbert, G., Sofiev, M., Springmann, M., Stowell, J., Tabatabaei, M., Taylor, J., Thompson, R., Tonne, C., Treskova, M., Trinanes, J., Wagner, F., Warnecke, L., Whitcombe, H., Winning, M., Wyns, A., Yglesias-González, M., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Q., Gong, P., Montgomery, H., Costello, A., Romanello, M., Napoli, C., Green, C., Kennard, H., Lampard, P., Scamman, D., Walawender, M., Ali, Z., Ameli, N., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Beggs, P., Belesova, K., Berrang Ford, L., Bowen, K., Cai, W., Callaghan, M., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Chambers, J., Cross, T., van Daalen, K., Dalin, C., Dasandi, N., Dasgupta, S., Davies, M., Dominguez-Salas, P., Dubrow, R., Ebi, K., Eckelman, M., Ekins, P., Freyberg, C., Gasparyan, O., Gordon-Strachan, G., Graham, H., Gunther, S., Hamilton, I., Hang, Y., Hänninen, R., Hartinger, S., He, K., Heidecke, J., Hess, J., Hsu, S., Jamart, L., Jankin, S., Jay, O., Kelman, I., Kiesewetter, G., Kinney, P., Kniveton, D., Kouznetsov, R., Larosa, F., Lee, J., Lemke, B., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lott, M., Lotto Batista, M., Lowe, R., Odhiambo Sewe, M., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Maslin, M., McAllister, L., McMichael, C., Mi, Z., Milner, J., Minor, K., Minx, J., Mohajeri, N., Momen, N., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Morrissey, K., Munzert, S., Murray, K., Neville, T., Nilsson, M., Obradovich, N., O'Hare, M., Oliveira, C., Oreszczyn, T., Otto, M., Owfi, F., Pearman, O., Pega, F., Pershing, A., Rabbaniha, M., Rickman, J., Robinson, E., Rocklöv, J., Salas, R., Semenza, J., Sherman, J., Shumake-Guillemot, J., Silbert, G., Sofiev, M., Springmann, M., Stowell, J., Tabatabaei, M., Taylor, J., Thompson, R., Tonne, C., Treskova, M., Trinanes, J., Wagner, F., Warnecke, L., Whitcombe, H., Winning, M., Wyns, A., Yglesias-González, M., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Q., Gong, P., Montgomery, H., and Costello, A.

Published
2023

12. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Author

Tucker, M., Schipper, A., Adams, T., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Babic, N., Barker, K., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Behr, D., Belant, J., Beyer Jr, D., Blaum, N., Blount, D., Bockmühl, D., Pires Boulhosa, R. L., Brown, M., Buuveibaatar, B., Cagnacci, F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Černe, R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chan, A. N., Chase, M., Chaval, Y., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Y., Cherry, S., Ćirović, D., Çoban, E., Cole, E., Conlee, L., Courtemanch, A., Cozzi, G., Davidson, S., Debloois, D., Dejid, N., Denicola, V., Desbiez, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Drake, D., Egan, M., Eikelboom, J., Fagan, W., Farmer, M., Fennessy, J., Finnegan, S., Fleming, C., Fournier, B., Fowler, N., Gantchoff, M., Garnier, A., Gehr, B., Geremia, C., Goheen, J., Hauptfleisch, M., Hebblewhite, M., Heim, M., Hertel, A., Heurich, M., Hewison, M., Hodson, J., Hoffman, N., Hopcraft, G., Huber, D., Isaac, E., Janik, K., Ježek, M., Johansson, Ö., Jordan, N. R., Kaczensky, P., Kamaru, D., Kauffman, M., Kautz, T., Kays, R., Kelly, A., Kindberg, J., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Lamb, C., Lasharr, T., Leimgruber, P., Leitner, H., Lierz, M., Linnell, J., Lkhagvaja, P., Long, R., López-Bao, J., Loretto, M.-C., Marchand, P., Martin, H., Martinez, L., Mcbride Jr, R., Mclaren, A., Meisingset, E., Melzheimer, J., Merrill, E., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Moore, S., Moorter, B. V., Morellet, N., Morrison, T., Müller, R., Mysterud, A., Noonan, M., O’Connor, D., Olson, D., Olson, K., Ortega, A., Ossi, F., Panzacchi, M., Patchett, R., Patterson, B., Paula, R. C. D., Payne, J., Peters, W., Petroelje, T., Pitcher, B., Pokorny, B., Poole, K., Potočnik, H., Poulin, M.-P., Pringle, R., Prins, H., Ranc, N., Reljić, S., Robb, B., Röder, R., Rolandsen, C., Rutz, C., Salemgareyev, A., Samelius, G., Sayine-Crawford, H., Schooler, S., Şekercioğlu, Ç., Selva, N., Semenzato, P., Sergiel, A., Sharma, K., Shawler, A., Signer, J., Silovský, V., Silva, J., Simon, R., Smiley, R., Smith, D., Solberg, E., Soto, D., Spiegel, O., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stahler, D., Stephenson, J., Stewart, C., Strand, O., Sunde, P., Svoboda, N., Swart, J., Thompson, J., Toal, K., Uiseb, K., Vanacker, M., Velilla, M., Verzuh, T., Wachter, B., Wagler, B., Whittington, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C., Wittemyer, G., Young, J., Zięba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Huijbregts, M., Mueller, T., Tucker, M., Schipper, A., Adams, T., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Babic, N., Barker, K., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Behr, D., Belant, J., Beyer Jr, D., Blaum, N., Blount, D., Bockmühl, D., Pires Boulhosa, R. L., Brown, M., Buuveibaatar, B., Cagnacci, F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Černe, R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chan, A. N., Chase, M., Chaval, Y., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Y., Cherry, S., Ćirović, D., Çoban, E., Cole, E., Conlee, L., Courtemanch, A., Cozzi, G., Davidson, S., Debloois, D., Dejid, N., Denicola, V., Desbiez, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Drake, D., Egan, M., Eikelboom, J., Fagan, W., Farmer, M., Fennessy, J., Finnegan, S., Fleming, C., Fournier, B., Fowler, N., Gantchoff, M., Garnier, A., Gehr, B., Geremia, C., Goheen, J., Hauptfleisch, M., Hebblewhite, M., Heim, M., Hertel, A., Heurich, M., Hewison, M., Hodson, J., Hoffman, N., Hopcraft, G., Huber, D., Isaac, E., Janik, K., Ježek, M., Johansson, Ö., Jordan, N. R., Kaczensky, P., Kamaru, D., Kauffman, M., Kautz, T., Kays, R., Kelly, A., Kindberg, J., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Lamb, C., Lasharr, T., Leimgruber, P., Leitner, H., Lierz, M., Linnell, J., Lkhagvaja, P., Long, R., López-Bao, J., Loretto, M.-C., Marchand, P., Martin, H., Martinez, L., Mcbride Jr, R., Mclaren, A., Meisingset, E., Melzheimer, J., Merrill, E., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Moore, S., Moorter, B. V., Morellet, N., Morrison, T., Müller, R., Mysterud, A., Noonan, M., O’Connor, D., Olson, D., Olson, K., Ortega, A., Ossi, F., Panzacchi, M., Patchett, R., Patterson, B., Paula, R. C. D., Payne, J., Peters, W., Petroelje, T., Pitcher, B., Pokorny, B., Poole, K., Potočnik, H., Poulin, M.-P., Pringle, R., Prins, H., Ranc, N., Reljić, S., Robb, B., Röder, R., Rolandsen, C., Rutz, C., Salemgareyev, A., Samelius, G., Sayine-Crawford, H., Schooler, S., Şekercioğlu, Ç., Selva, N., Semenzato, P., Sergiel, A., Sharma, K., Shawler, A., Signer, J., Silovský, V., Silva, J., Simon, R., Smiley, R., Smith, D., Solberg, E., Soto, D., Spiegel, O., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stahler, D., Stephenson, J., Stewart, C., Strand, O., Sunde, P., Svoboda, N., Swart, J., Thompson, J., Toal, K., Uiseb, K., Vanacker, M., Velilla, M., Verzuh, T., Wachter, B., Wagler, B., Whittington, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C., Wittemyer, G., Young, J., Zięba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Huijbregts, M., and Mueller, T.

Abstract

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.

Published
2023

13. Quantifying national household air pollution (HAP) exposure to PM2.5 in rural and urban areas

Author

Mohajeri, N., Hsu, S., Milner, J., Taylor, J., Kiesewetter, G., Gudmundsson, A., Kennard, H., Hamilton, I., Davies, M., Mohajeri, N., Hsu, S., Milner, J., Taylor, J., Kiesewetter, G., Gudmundsson, A., Kennard, H., Hamilton, I., and Davies, M.

Abstract

According to WHO (World Health Organization), in 2020, 14% of people in global urban areas relied on polluting solid fuels and technologies, compared with 52% of the rural population. The health impacts of such inequality are massive. It was estimated that 3.2 million premature deaths per year (2020), particularly in low-income and middle-income countries due to household air pollution (HAP). Several studies provide estimates of the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from household air pollution (HAP-PM2.5) for users of different fuel/cookstove types in rural and urban areas. However, hardly any studies estimate the population-weighted exposure to HAP-PM2.5 at the global scale. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate PM2.5 exposure coefficients and their uncertainties for an annual average of HAP-PM2.5 personal exposure. The predicted HAP-PM2.5 exposure at the user level was used to estimate the national-level exposure for the population living in urban and rural areas. The results suggest that switching from polluting solid fuels (biomass, charcoal, coal) to cleaner fuels (gas and electricity) for heating and cooking can potentially reduce the national-level HAP-PM2.5 personal exposure on average by 53%. However, there exists a significant disparity between rural and urban areas, partly reflecting inequality in energy access. More specifically, switching from polluting solid fuels for heating and cooking to cleaner fuels can reduce the personal exposure to HAP-PM2.5 in rural areas by 54% and in urban areas by 38%. The study indicates that increased access to clean fuels and improved stove interventions are needed to achieve the goals of universal energy access and equality between urban and rural areas.

Published
2023
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14. Seizing the window of opportunity to mitigate the impact of climate change on the health of people in China

Author

Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Bawuerjiang, D., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Fang, X., Gao, T., Gao, Y., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, ., Hamilton, I., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Ke, P., Kiesewetter, G., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, R., Li, S., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Luo, Z., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Shan, Y., Su, J., Sun, T., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Wen, S., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, B., Xu, M., Yan, Y., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zeng, .Y, Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M., Zhao, Q., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhu, Z., Fu-chun, M., Gong, P., Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Bawuerjiang, D., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Fang, X., Gao, T., Gao, Y., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, ., Hamilton, I., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Ke, P., Kiesewetter, G., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, R., Li, S., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Luo, Z., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Shan, Y., Su, J., Sun, T., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Wen, S., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, B., Xu, M., Yan, Y., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zeng, .Y, Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M., Zhao, Q., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhu, Z., Fu-chun, M., and Gong, P.

Abstract

The health threats posed by climate change in China are increasing rapidly. Each province faces different health risks. Without a timely and adequate response, climate change will impact lives and livelihoods at an accelerated rate and even prevent the achievement of the Healthy and Beautiful China initiatives. The 2021 China Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change is the first annual update of China’s Report of the Lancet Countdown. It comprehensively assesses the impact of climate change on the health of Chinese households and the measures China has taken. Invited by the Lancet committee, Tsinghua University led the writing of the report and cooperated with 25 relevant institutions in and outside of China. The report includes 25 indicators within five major areas (climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement) and a policy brief. This 2021 China policy brief contains the most urgent and relevant indicators focusing on provincial data: The increasing health risks of climate change in China; mixed progress in responding to climate change. In 2020, the heatwave exposures per person in China increased by 4.51 d compared with the 1986–2005 average, resulting in an estimated 92% increase in heatwave-related deaths. The resulting economic cost of the estimated 14500 heatwave-related deaths in 2020 is US$176 million. Increased temperatures also caused a potential 31.5 billion h in lost work time in 2020, which is equivalent to 1.3% of the work hours of the total national workforce, with resulting economic losses estimated at 1.4% of China’s annual gross domestic product. For adaptation efforts, there has been steady progress in local adaptation planning and assessment in 2020, urban green space growth in 2020, and health emergency management in 2019. 12 of 30 provinces reported that they have com

Published
2023
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16. Accelerometers and simple algorithms identify activity budgets and body orientation in African elephants Loxodonta africana

Author

Soltis, J, King, L, Vollrath, F, and Douglas-Hamilton, I

Subjects
Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Accelerometers can be used to monitor animal behavior remotely, but validation is required for each species. Previously, we showed that accelerometer data in collars could be used to identify specific behaviors in African elephants Loxodonta africana, using complex analytical methods. Here, we show that simple methods can also be used to identify elephant activity levels and body orientation. Subjects were 6 African elephants: 3 at Disneyís Animal KingdomÆ, Florida, USA, and 3 in Samburu-Laikipia, Kenya. Each elephant wore a collar containing a tri-axial accelerometer positioned on top of the neck. Simultaneous video recordings allowed validation of accelerometer data against observed behavior. The standard deviation of the total acceleration was shown to be a valid measure of dynamic acceleration, differentiating activity levels associated with resting, feeding, bathing, walking, and rapid walking. The mean of the total acceleration was shown to be a valid measure of static acceleration, and indicated upright and recumbent orientations. Simulations showed how accuracy was affected by sample rate, number of axes examined, and analysis window lengths. Based on 34 continuous 24 h acceleration streams, the 6 elephants exhibited an average of 2.5 h of overnight recumbence associated with minimal movement, indicating sleep. Daily activity budgets exhibited periods of minimal activity (e.g. resting, 17%), low activity (e.g. feeding, 68%), medium activity (e.g. walking, 13%), and high activity (e.g. rapid walking, 2%). Kenyan elephants were slightly more active and exhibited less restful recumbence compared to zoo elephants. Accelerometers in elephant collars can detect activity levels that are associated with specific behaviors, and can detect body orientation as a proxy for sleep.

Published
2016
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18. Beehive fences as effective deterrents for crop-raiding elephants: field trials in northern Kenya

Author

King, LE, Douglas-Hamilton, I, and Vollrath, F

Abstract

Increasing elephant populations in Kenya since 1989 have been widely praised as a conservation success story. However, where elephants and agricultural land overlap, incidents of human–elephant conflict are on the increase. Wildlife managers and farmers are now trying different farm-based deterrents to keep elephants out of crops. Here, we present data on the effectiveness of a novel beehive fence deployed in a Turkana community of 62 communally run farms in Kenya. Specifically, 1700m of beehive fences semi-surrounded the outer boundaries of seventeen farms, and we compared elephant farm invasion events with these and to seventeen neighbouring farms whose boundaries were ‘protected’ only by thorn bush barriers. We present data from 45 farm invasions, or attempted invasions, recorded over 2 years. Thirteen groups of elephants approached the beehive fences and turned away. Of the 32 successful farm invasions, only one bull elephant broke through the beehive fences. These results demonstrate that beehive fences are more effective than thorn bush barriers at deterring elephants and may have a role to play in alleviating farmer–elephant conflict. Additionally, the harvesting of 106kg of honey during the trial period suggests that beehive fences may also improve crop production and enhance rural livelihoods through honey sales.

Published
2022

24. The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future

Author

van Daalen, K., Romanello, M., Rocklöv, J., Semenza, J., Tonne, C., Markandya, A., Dasandi, N., Jankin, S., Achebak, H., Ballester, J., Bechara, H., Callaghan, M., Chambers, J., Dasgupta, S., Drummond, P., Farooq, Z., Gasparyan, O., Gonzalez-Reviriego, N., Hamilton, I., Hänninen, R., Kazmierczak, A., Kendrovski, V., Kennard, H., Kiesewetter, G., Lloyd, S., Lotto Batista, M., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Milà, C., Minx, J., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Palamarchuk, J., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Robinson, E., Scamman, D., Schmoll, O., Sewe, M., Sjödin, H., Sofiev, M., Solaraju-Murali, B., Springmann, M., Triñanes, J., Anto, J., Nilsson, M., Lowe, R., van Daalen, K., Romanello, M., Rocklöv, J., Semenza, J., Tonne, C., Markandya, A., Dasandi, N., Jankin, S., Achebak, H., Ballester, J., Bechara, H., Callaghan, M., Chambers, J., Dasgupta, S., Drummond, P., Farooq, Z., Gasparyan, O., Gonzalez-Reviriego, N., Hamilton, I., Hänninen, R., Kazmierczak, A., Kendrovski, V., Kennard, H., Kiesewetter, G., Lloyd, S., Lotto Batista, M., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Milà, C., Minx, J., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Palamarchuk, J., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Robinson, E., Scamman, D., Schmoll, O., Sewe, M., Sjödin, H., Sofiev, M., Solaraju-Murali, B., Springmann, M., Triñanes, J., Anto, J., Nilsson, M., and Lowe, R.

Published
2022
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25. The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future

Author

van Daalen, K.R., Romanello, M., Rocklöv, J., Semenza, J.C., Tonne, C., Markandya, A., Dasandi, N., Jankin, S., Achebak, H., Ballester, J., Bechara, H., Callaghan, M.W., Chambers, J., Dasgupta, S., Drummond, P., Farooq, Z., Gasparyan, O., Gonzalez-Reviriego, N., Hamilton, I., Hänninen, R., Kazmierczak, A., Kendrovski, V., Kennard, H., Kiesewetter, G., Lloyd, S.J., Lotto Batista, M., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Milà, C., Minx, J.C., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Palamarchuk, J., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Robinson, E.J.Z., Scamman, D., Schmoll, O., Sewe, M.O., Sjödin, H., Sofiev, M., Solaraju-Murali, B., Springmann, M., Triñanes, J., Anto, J.M., Nilsson, M., Lowe, R., van Daalen, K.R., Romanello, M., Rocklöv, J., Semenza, J.C., Tonne, C., Markandya, A., Dasandi, N., Jankin, S., Achebak, H., Ballester, J., Bechara, H., Callaghan, M.W., Chambers, J., Dasgupta, S., Drummond, P., Farooq, Z., Gasparyan, O., Gonzalez-Reviriego, N., Hamilton, I., Hänninen, R., Kazmierczak, A., Kendrovski, V., Kennard, H., Kiesewetter, G., Lloyd, S.J., Lotto Batista, M., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Milà, C., Minx, J.C., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Palamarchuk, J., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Robinson, E.J.Z., Scamman, D., Schmoll, O., Sewe, M.O., Sjödin, H., Sofiev, M., Solaraju-Murali, B., Springmann, M., Triñanes, J., Anto, J.M., Nilsson, M., and Lowe, R.

Published
2022

26. The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels

Author

Romanello, M., Di Napoli, C., Drummond, P., Green, C., Kennard, H., Lampard, P., Scamman, D., Arnell, N., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Ford, L., Belesova, K., Bowen, K., Cai, W., Callaghan, M., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Chambers, J., van Daalen, K., Dalin, C., Dasandi, N., Dasgupta, S., Davies, M., Dominguez-Salas, P., Dubrow, R., Ebi, K., Eckelman, M., Ekins, P., Escobar, L., Georgeson, L., Graham, H., Gunther, S., Hamilton, I., Hang, Y., Hänninen, R., Hartinger, S., He, K., Hess, J., Hsu, S.-C., Jankin, S., Jamart, L., Jay, O., Kelman, I., Kiesewetter, G., Kinney, P., Kjellstrom, T., Kniveton, D., Lee, J., Lemke, B., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lott, M., Batista, M., Lowe, R., MacGuire, F., Sewe, M., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Maslin, M., McAllister, L., McGushin, A., McMichael, C., Mi, Z., Milner, J., Minor, K., Minx, J., Mohajeri, N., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Morrissey, K., Munzert, S., Murray, K., Neville, T., Nilsson, M., Obradovich, N., O'Hare, M., Oreszczyn, T., Otto, M., Owfi, F., Pearman, O., Rabbaniha, M., Robinson, E., Rocklöv, J., Salas, R., Semenza, J., Sherman, J., Shi, L., Shumake-Guillemot, J., Silbert, G., Sofiev, M., Springmann, M., Stowell, J., Tabatabaei, M., Taylor, J., Triñanes, J., Wagner, F., Wilkinson, P., Winning, M., Yglesias-González, M., Zhang, S., Gong, P., Montgomery, H., Costello, A., Romanello, M., Di Napoli, C., Drummond, P., Green, C., Kennard, H., Lampard, P., Scamman, D., Arnell, N., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Ford, L., Belesova, K., Bowen, K., Cai, W., Callaghan, M., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Chambers, J., van Daalen, K., Dalin, C., Dasandi, N., Dasgupta, S., Davies, M., Dominguez-Salas, P., Dubrow, R., Ebi, K., Eckelman, M., Ekins, P., Escobar, L., Georgeson, L., Graham, H., Gunther, S., Hamilton, I., Hang, Y., Hänninen, R., Hartinger, S., He, K., Hess, J., Hsu, S.-C., Jankin, S., Jamart, L., Jay, O., Kelman, I., Kiesewetter, G., Kinney, P., Kjellstrom, T., Kniveton, D., Lee, J., Lemke, B., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lott, M., Batista, M., Lowe, R., MacGuire, F., Sewe, M., Martinez-Urtaza, J., Maslin, M., McAllister, L., McGushin, A., McMichael, C., Mi, Z., Milner, J., Minor, K., Minx, J., Mohajeri, N., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Morrissey, K., Munzert, S., Murray, K., Neville, T., Nilsson, M., Obradovich, N., O'Hare, M., Oreszczyn, T., Otto, M., Owfi, F., Pearman, O., Rabbaniha, M., Robinson, E., Rocklöv, J., Salas, R., Semenza, J., Sherman, J., Shi, L., Shumake-Guillemot, J., Silbert, G., Sofiev, M., Springmann, M., Stowell, J., Tabatabaei, M., Taylor, J., Triñanes, J., Wagner, F., Wilkinson, P., Winning, M., Yglesias-González, M., Zhang, S., Gong, P., Montgomery, H., and Costello, A.

Published
2022
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28. The Third Century; Postsecondary Planning for the Nontraditional Learner. A Summary.

Author

Iowa State Higher Education Facilities Commission, Des Moines. and Hamilton, I. Bruce

Abstract

The Iowa Higher Education Facilities Commission and the Office of New Degree Programs designed a study with five missions: (1) to identify who the nontraditional learners are and define their learning needs; (2) to inventory all of the unusual educational services already in place; (3) to recommend ways of informing the public more fully about opportunities that now exist; (4) to determine what additional or alternative educational delivery systems might be needed; and (5) to evaluate a proposal for a new type of degree program which was put forward in 1973. Survey instruments were used to conduct a statewide, demographically-based interview field poll, along with an extensive interview system and reviews of similar studies. Extensive results and recommendations were reported. It was concluded that results show that the post secondary institutions in Iowa are excellent, numerous, and of high quality, but heavily oriented to the traditional, full-time younger person who is embarking upon his or her career. However, as the demand for on-campus study decreases, resources must be gradually reallocated to accommodate mature learners. (HAB)

Published
1976

29. The Third Century. Postsecondary Planning for the Nontraditional Learner.

Author

Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ. and Hamilton, I. Bruce

Abstract

A statewide study of the needs of continuing education opportunities for persons motivated toward further study but unable to take advantage of conventional delivery systems of postsecondary education is reported. Four data collective activities were utilized: a learning interest interview field poll of 800 respondents; an inventory of current programs in Iowa for nontraditional students; a 3 to 5 percent sample survey of adult and part-time nontraditional learners currently enrolled in programs; and a series of eight group interviews of nonenrolled adults in separate geographical regions. Data were also gathered first-hand from the institutions themselves. Trends in other states were studied as well. Conclusions and recommendations are outlined regarding policies, balance, expansion, Iowa Commonwealth College, services, cooperation, and data. Projections of the learning population in the year 2000 were used to emphasize the potential magnitude of the national enrollment, and it was found that in Iowa an even larger percentage of the population will be adults and/or retired. It is suggested that if Iowa is successful in adapting its educational enterprises, the nontraditional learner will not only be well-served but will have become the traditional learner by the year 2000. (LBH)

Published
1976

30. Family Separation and Reunion: Families of Prisoners of War and Servicemen Missing in Action.

Author

Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA. and McCubbin, Hamilton I.

Abstract

This book is an outgrowth of two major projects. The first is a research investigation being conducted by the Center for Prisoner of War Studies, and the second is the extension of services to families. The volume encompasses three major periods: the waiting period (early 1960's to February 1973); the repatriation period (February 1973 to April 1973); and the readjustment and reintegration period (April 1973 to the present). Chapters are organized and presented in the context of these periods. Introductory chapters provide a historical perspective of the Prisoner of War (PW) and Missing in Action (MIA) situation in Southeast Asia, as well as a demographic profile of the men and their families. In the second section, the casualty and waiting period, the complexity of family adjustment to father absence is emphasized. The third section is devoted to repatriation and the returned prisoner of war. The fourth section, which covers the readjustment and reintegration period, describes major dilemmas and factors involved in adjustment, such as adjustment of families of returned prisoners of war, and adjustment of relatives of servicemen missing or killed in action. The final section examines underlying assumptions, theories and concepts characterizing the military outreach and follow-up program for returned PW's, their families, and families of MIA servicemen. (Author/JLL)

Published
1974

31. The Effect of Nonstandard Undergraduate Assessment and Reporting Practices on the Graduate School Admissions Process. GRE Board Research Report GREB No. 76-14R.

Author

Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ., Knapp, Joan, and Hamilton, I. Bruce

Abstract

This survey identified problems encountered by deans and admissions staff from 35 graduate schools regarding a typical undergraduate assessment and reporting procedures such as credit by examination, credit for prior learning or field experience, narrative transcripts, and pass/fail grading. Eighteen of these schools were studied in depth via site visits in order to provide attitudinal and anecdotal information. Graduate school deans and faculty reported that they have not received a great number of nonstandard transcripts or transcripts with nonstandard notation. Nevertheless, when such records do appear in student applications, they cause two major problems: because grades usually are not associated with nonstandard notation, grade-point averages cannot be calculated easily; and information that explains nonstandard notation rarely accompanies the transcripts. Credit by examination, credit for prior learning, and credit for faculty-sponsored field experience cause fewer problems in the admissions process than narrative transcripts, provided the number of these credits is small and not in the student's major field. Narrative descriptions of achievement are problematic because of the lack of a comparative basis for judgment, the uneven nature of the descriptions, and the length of the reports. Survey questions and sample transcripts are appended. (Author/GDC)

Published
1978

32. Coping in Dual-Employed Families: Spousal Differences.

Author

Skinner, Denise A. and McCubbin, Hamilton I.

Abstract

The Dual Employed Coping Scales (DECS) were developed to measure coping behaviors and patterns of dual-employed families. The original DECS (58 self-report items) was administered to a sample of 60 individuals in dual-employed families. In another study, in which 69 dual-employed couples completed the DECS and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales, factor analytic procedures for the DECS yielded 49 items with internal reliability and 4 patterns of coping: (1) maintaining, restructuring, and strengthening the family system; (2) procurement of support to maintain family roles; (3) modifying roles and standards to maintain work/family balance; and (4) maintaining a positive perspective on the lifestyle and reducing tension and strains. Analysis of DECS data suggested gender role differentiation in dual-employed coping styles. Dual-employed wives used significantly more coping behaviors than their husbands, with much effort focused on accommodating their work to their family. Successful family adaptation also related to the wives' attempts to accommodate work to family, while the husbands' use of time for personal coping behaviors such as exercising appeared to interfere with family adaptation. Results of the study support the DECS as a tool for measuring dual-employed family coping behaviors. (MCF)

Published
1982

33. Resiliency in African-American Families. Resiliency in Families Series, Volume 3.

Author

McCubbin, Hamilton I., Thompson, Elizabeth A., Thompson, Anne I., Futrell, Jo A., McCubbin, Hamilton I., Thompson, Elizabeth A., Thompson, Anne I., and Futrell, Jo A.

Abstract

This book addresses issues facing racial and ethnic minority families. These chapters grew out of a conference at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, that focused on the strengths and resources of minority families. They represent an effort to share knowledge that can be used for the design of ethnically and culturally sensitive family services. Part I addresses issues related to the contexts in which African American families live, and Part II focuses on issues of resilience within the family. The following chapters are included: (1) "Breaking the Silence: Growing Up in Today's Inner City" (Alex Kotlowitz); (2) "African-American Families: Strengths and Realities" (Harriette Pipes McAdoo); (3) "Culture, Resiliency, and Mutual Psychological Development" (Nancy P. Genero); (4)"Indigenous Resources and Strategies of Resistance: Informal Caregiving and Racial Socialization in Black Communities" (Michael C. Thornton); (5) "Resiliency in African-American Families: Military Families in Foreign Environments" (Hamilton I. McCubbin); (6) "Housing and Neighborhood Satisfaction of Single-Parent Mothers and Grandmothers" (Marilyn L. Cantwell and Dorothy I. Jenkins); (7) "Healing Forces in African-American Families" (Cherie A. Bagley and Juanitaelizabeth Carroll); (8) "The Lack of Prenatal Care in Poor Urban African-American Postpartal Women: A Phenomenological Study" (Carol Sue Holtz); (9) "Level of Satisfaction in African-American Marriages: A Preliminary Investigation" (Michael E. Connor); (10) "Variation in Adolescent Pregnancy Status: A National Tri-Ethnic Study" (Velma McBride Murry); (11) "'Being There': The Perception of Fatherhood among a Group of African-American Adolescent Fathers" (William D. Allen and William J. Doherty); (12) "African-American Couples' Lived Experience of Infertility" (Su An Arnn Phipps); (13) "Observing Mother-Daughter Interaction in African-American and Asian-American Families" (Nancy A. Gonzales, Yumi Hiraga, and Ana Mari Cauce); (14) "Resiliency and Coping in 'At-Risk' African-American Youth and Their Families" (Hamilton I. McCubbin, William Michael Fleming, Anne I. Thompson, Paul Neitman, Kelly M. Elver, and Sue Ann Savas); and (15) "Resilient Families in an Ethnic and Cultural Context" (Hamilton I. McCubbin, Jo A. Futrell, Elizabeth A. Thompson, and Anne I. Thompson). Each chapter contains references. (Contains 39 tables and 4 figures.) (SLD)

Published
1998

34. Resiliency in Native American and Immigrant Families. Resiliency in Families Series.

Author

McCubbin, Hamilton I., Thompson, Elizabeth A., Thompson, Anne I., Fromer, Julie E., McCubbin, Hamilton I., Thompson, Elizabeth A., Thompson, Anne I., and Fromer, Julie E.

Abstract

This book is the first part of a two-volume collection devoted to issues facing racial and ethnic minority families. These chapters grew out of a conference at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, which focused on the strengths and resources of minority families. They represent an effort to share knowledge that can be used for the design of ethnically and culturally sensitive family services. The three chapters in Part I, "Overview and Theory," address theoretical issues and issues related to multiple ethnic groups. The introductory chapter gives an overview of theoretical developments on the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation. Authors of these chapters apply a resiliency framework to explorations of educational outcomes for students of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. Part II, "Native Americans," focuses on resiliency issues faced by Native Hawaiians and Native American Indians in seven chapters. In each case, the relationships of cultural, political, and situational factors and the resilient adaptation of families are explored in the context of the group's cultural heritage. Part III, "Immigrant Americans," contains 11 chapters that investigate the resilient factors specific to racial and ethnic immigrant families. This part is divided into sections on Asian Americans and Latino/Hispanic Americans. Among the themes explored are intergenerational support and the transmission of cultural heritage. Other chapters apply a resiliency perspective to discussions of caregiving, coping, and the availability of community and social support services. Each chapter contains references. (Contains 36 tables and 17 figures.) (SLD)

Published
1998

35. Graduate School Programs for Minority/Disadvantaged Students.

Author

Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ. and Hamilton, I. Bruce

Abstract

This survey was conducted to obtain specific information about procedures and programs developed for minority and/or disadvantaged students by graduate schools. The purpose of the survey is fourfold: (1) to provide a current detailed description of the status of special programs or activities for minority and/or disadvantaged students by total group and by several subcategories of institution; (2) to gain insight into the administration of such programs, the cost involved, the level at which effective action can best take place, and the extent to which such programs have been effective; (3) to identify plans for further activity in this area; and (4) to identify particularly distinctive programs for possible further exploration as models for other institutions to emulate. The survey instrument was a questionnaire sent to a sample group of 302 institutions offering graduate degrees. From the data provided, 153 responses could be calculated. Results include: (1) between 80 and 110 of the institutions have specifically designed policies or procedures aimed at meeting the needs of minority/disadvantaged students at the graduate level; (2) most activities for minority/disadvantaged students have taken place at the undergraduate level; and (3) there is little coordination between departments and graduate admissions to attract minority/disadvantaged students. Appropriate appendices are included. (Author/PG)

Published
1973

36. Some Issues and Examples of Alternate Modes of Graduate Education: A Discussion Paper.

Author

Educational Testing Service, Washington, DC. and Hamilton, I. Bruce

Abstract

This overview presents some of the issues that face those concerned with post baccalaureate education, particularly these issues that emerge from new activities and proposals before the graduate community currently. Three sections and an appendix are presented. Covered are: (1) definitions and distinctions; (2) issue-clusters in the areas of the components of graduate education, the processes, and the concepts; (3) recent examples of new programs that might serve as models. Also included is an inventory and compendia of examples of nontraditional study prepared for the Commission on Non-Traditional Study. (Author/KE)

Published
1972

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