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PurposeSocial stress is a psychological and biological pressure that stems from one's relationship with others in social environments, which has become the most serious humanitarian issue today. Learning environments are one of the most important environments for reducing or increasing social stress and concentration. This study aims to investigate the effect of classroom wall color on students' stress and concentration in four common types of classrooms.Design/methodology/approachThis research is a survey of 275 university students with an age range of 20–24. The methodology is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. Data analysis was performed by multiple variance analysis and the internal reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha.FindingsResults show that classroom wall color has a significant effect on student stress and concentration. In class type one, wall color had an effect of 10.4% on stress and concentration; in the second type, this variable had an effect of 8.8%, also in the third type it had an effect of 7.3% and 8.8% in the fourth type.Originality/valueIt can be concluded that wall color has an effective role in understanding the level of stress and concentration of users in the classrooms, and considering this factor in designing classrooms improves students' behavior and the quality of education in learning environments.

Religious buildings have a significant role in Muslims’ culture. The architects have developed some features in designing such buildings that create a unique sense of comfort and spiritual state in...

Investigating the components of environmental peace in an architectural work, especially Islamic mosques, requires a detailed understanding of this concept and its influential factors. In the architecture of the mosques of the past, certain patterns have always followed a continuous trend that made a logical relationship with the time before and after, but this continuity and trend are not seen today. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of environmental peace from two aspects of religion and spirituality. Religion means comprehensive instructions and complete guidelines that, on the one hand, show the goal and teaches the human being how to achieve it, and on the other hand, help the human being on problems that are difficult to understand by universal means of understanding (reason, experience, and intuition). Therefore, the identification of the true ultimate goal in human life as well as the determination of the intermediate goals that indicate the path to the ultimate goal is possible only through the recognition and adherence to the right religion, and this fact shows the close relationship between religion and spirituality. The research method investigates the relationship between variables through a correlation method and then through structural equations. The statistical population was selected based on the Cochran formula including 120 professors and postgraduate students in architecture and Islamic architecture of Tehran Universities. The research tool was a web-based questionnaire and its link was made available to the statistical community online. The structural equation method was used in SPSS and Amos software to test the regression and fitting test model. Pearson correlation test was also used to determine the relationship between research variables. The results show that the model of the influence of "religion" factors in enhancing "environmental peace" through the mediating variable of "spirituality" explains these relationships; in other words, in this indirect causal relation, enhancement of semantic factors mediated by "spirituality" factors enhances environmental peace in architecture.

The concept of spirituality is full of various and complex meanings; this word is used as scattered in various fields such as religion, architecture, music, painting, literature and astronomy. Achieving spirituality by recognizing the institutionalized abilities in the existence of mankind who is the prominent creature provides the realization of the mission of the servant in front of the goddess on the highest level. Creating distance of today's mosques' architectural body from this spiritual dimension is of great contemplation and research, because in all global societies, this issue is considered a value in the everyday life of man and has advanced to the extent that the medical science refers it as a medicine to reach tranquility. Spirituality and tranquility are two inseparable categories, and the components of spiritual dimension are considered as the sub-indicators of mental health. In this research, it was tried to analyze the impact of light color component on creating spirituality sense in a scientific way and introducing the spectra that have more impact on the promotion of spirituality sense in the mosques. The research method was descriptive-analytical in the first stage, and in the second stage, it has been performed as experimental and simulation using quantitative electroencephalography waves (brain map), virtual reality glass tools and 360° simulated images among the statistical population with 14-people sample size (randomly). The analysis of the data extracted from investigating the obtained brain map showed that the color spectrum of the turquoise according to the analysis in the samples in terms of creating a sense of tranquility was in the first priority and, respectively, the green, blue, white, yellow, red and black colors had allocated the next priorities to themselves in creating spiritual space.

The current study aims to examine the effect of age and gender of users on spirituality by using an experiment. Literature believes that age and gender have a huge effect on increased or decreased spirituality. The current study aims to examine these theories by a scientific and rational method and using cognitive neuroscience (recording electroencephalograph). In order to do this, an electroencephalograph was recorded for 45 users. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between age and gender of users and spirituality (F = 4.1, p

The present study tries analyzing the psychological effects of such an indicator as form (dome's pattern) in architectural designing of the religious environments like mosques so as to investigate the creation/enhancement of spiritual sense and come up with the best pattern for the construction of such environments in an order of priority. The study makes use of a combined analysis method in such a way that a descriptive-analytical method has been applied in the first section followed by simulations in the second section and, then, laboratory method in the third part through taking advantage of instruments for recording the users' brain waves (EEG/QEEG). taking an unfamiliar and irregular form into account for the constructed religious environments like mosques can adversely and unpleasantly influence the addressees' feelings and the negligence of this matter would cause the creation of an environment with such unfavorable features. Furthermore, in regard of the successful form for construction of the religious environments, the first, the third, the fourth, the second and finally the fifth patterns can be introduced in an order of priority.

The role of water in the formation of the first human habitats is a response to a biological need. But when above a need, home building and constructing residential complexes have a cultural meaning, architecture is emerged and water in human life has an artistic place and it is originated from the creativity of the artists and architects. Understanding the concept of water in architecture is understanding the concept of water architecture. Understanding the physical laws of water behavior is our emotions to the interaction of water and most importantly the role and allegory and its relationship with human life. Water is a paradoxical metaphor and along with soil, fire and air, consists of the four comprising elements of the universe. If someone asks us to define water, we say it is a colorless liquid which is the source of life, but is it really the definition of water in architecture and only in terms of the physical aspect, it is an interface between man and architecture? To answer this question, first we examine the available resources in this field and desk studies about the architectural spirit and then examine the water hidden side and the way it affects humans and architecture through descriptive-analytical method, so by contemplating in them, the question can also be answered. From the beginning, water was a vital element not only for the body but for the soul.

Spirituality is a lost human concept and meaning in the universe that is independent of time and place. It is an inclusive concept, which affects everyone. It has also a kind of overlap with the religion; however, unlike the spirituality, religion has potentially a type of certainty and boundaries, and specifically, some adopt it. This meaning implies realities or mental in the objective and concrete world or mental facts in the psyche. The term spirituality and its derivatives, although not being used in the original Islamic texts, is widespread in Muslims literature, both in Persian and in Arabic languages. The past architect being aware of this reality and relying on his beliefs has created a architecture proportionate to his time's culture and beliefs and using architectural elements and has filled the objective body with the spiritual beliefs. The research shows that the religious beliefs and spiritual practices prevent the spiritual and physical, as well as mental, illnesses and, at the same time, reduce the recurrence of the diseases and their symptoms. On the other hand, it accelerates the recovery rate and increases the probability of returning to the initial state.

The concept of spirituality is full of various and complex meanings; this word is used as scattered in various fields such as religion, architecture, music, painting, literature and astronomy. Achieving spirituality by recognizing the institutionalized abilities in the existence of mankind who is the prominent creature provides the realization of the mission of the servant in front of the goddess on the highest level. Creating distance of today’s mosques’ architectural body from this spiritual dimension is of great contemplation and research, because in all global societies, this issue is considered a value in the everyday life of man and has advanced to the extent that the medical science refers it as a medicine to reach tranquility. Spirituality and tranquility are two inseparable categories, and the components of spiritual dimension are considered as the sub-indicators of mental health. In this research, it was tried to analyze the impact of light color component on creating spirituality sense in a scientific way and introducing the spectra that have more impact on the promotion of spirituality sense in the mosques. The research method was descriptive-analytical in the first stage, and in the second stage, it has been performed as experimental and simulation using quantitative electroencephalography waves (brain map), virtual reality glass tools and 360° simulated images among the statistical population with 14-people sample size (randomly). The analysis of the data extracted from investigating the obtained brain map showed that the color spectrum of the turquoise according to the analysis in the samples in terms of creating a sense of tranquility was in the first priority and, respectively, the green, blue, white, yellow, red and black colors had allocated the next priorities to themselves in creating spiritual space.

Providing appropriate housing for the people is one of the responsibilities of the governments such as Islamic republic of Iran government. In recent years the government decided to implement the mass housing for low-income households, that this project was called “Mehr housing”. The aim of current research was evaluation the satisfaction rate of Mehr housing residents in Ardabil city, northwest of Iran. Heads of 120 household residents of Ardabil Mehr housing were selected randomly and asked some questions about characteristics of households and level and general aspects of satisfaction according Van Poll’s model and social factors. Residents were generally dissatisfied with the most of surveyed indicators such as cultural status, housing cooperatives function, Maskan bank function, accessing to city center, lacking facilities out of unit, lacking area for vehicle parking and costs issue. Majority of the households stated that their housing problem has not been resolved by the Mehr housing. In contrast, good quality of internal conditions, security of complex building open space and social participating of residents were reported as the main advantages of the sites.