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Resume Introduction L’infection urinaire figure au second rang des infections bacteriennes de l’enfant, apres celle des voies respiratoires. L’objectif du present travail etait d’etudier l’ecologie bacterienne et la sensibilite aux antibiotiques des germes isoles au cours des infections urinaires de l’enfant au Centre hospitalier universitaire pediatrique Charles-de-Gaulle de Ouagadougou. Patients et methode Il s’est agi d’une etude retrospective descriptive portant sur la periode du 1er juillet 2010 au 30 juin 2015, incluant 141 enfants âges de 0 a 15 ans, hospitalises dans le service de pediatrie medicale pour une infection urinaire. Resultats La frequence hospitaliere de l’infection urinaire etait de 0,7 %. L’âge moyen des patients etait de 43,1 mois. Les patients de sexe feminin representaient 57,4 %, soit un sex-ratio de 0,7. Les bacilles a Gram negatif etaient souvent en cause (67,4 %) avec Escherichia Coli et les Klebsielles sp dans 35,5 % et 22 % des cas respectivement. Les principales bacteries a Gram positif etaient les staphylocoques (15,5 %), les enterocoques (11,3 %) et les streptocoques (5,6 %). Les enterobacteries isolees etaient sensibles a la netilmicine (80 %), au chloramphenicol (76,4 %) et au furane (82,6 %). Toutes les souches de staphylocoque etaient sensibles au furane, a la gentamicine, au chloramphenicol et au cefixime. Dans 66,7 % des cas, les souches de staphylocoque isolees etaient resistantes a l’amoxicilline. Conclusion L’infection urinaire est une pathologie frequente en pediatrie. Sa prise en charge doit etre precoce et adequate, en se basant sur la connaissance de l’ecologie bacterienne afin de reduire le risque de complication renale a long terme.

Urinary tract infection is the second most common bacterial infection in children, after respiratory tract infection. The objective of this work was to study the bacterial ecology and antibiotic susceptibility of germs isolated during childhood urinary tract infections at the Paediatric University Hospital Charles-de-Gaulle in Ouagadougou.This was a descriptive retrospective study covering the period from July 1The hospital frequency of urinary tract infection was 0.7%. The mean age of the patients was 43.1 months. Female patients accounted for 57.4%, a sex-ratio of 0.7. Gram-negative bacilli were often involved (67.4%) with Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella in 35.5% and 22% of cases respectively. The main Gram-positive bacteria were staphylococci (15.5%), enterococci (11.3%) and streptococci (5.6%). Enterobacteriaceae isolated were sensitive to netilmicin (80%), chloramphenicol (76.4%), and furan (82.6%). All strains of staphylococcus were susceptible to furan, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and cefixime. In 66.7% of cases, the isolated strains of staphylococcus were resistant to amoxicillin.Urinary tract infection is a common problem in pediatrics. Its management must be early and adequate based on knowledge of the bacterial ecology in order to reduce the risk of long-term renal complications.

Context: Seizures rank high among the commonest emergencies encountered in Pediatrics. As far as the etiologies are concerned, the most frequently confronted cause is infectious diseases. Therefore, particularly in the present work context, febrile seizures have been inadequately investigated. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence of febrile convulsions in our pediatrics department. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed in the Pediatrics Medical Service Department of the Pediatrics University Hospital Charles de Gaulle of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Infants from one and thirty months of age, hospitalized between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012, were included in this study. Seizures are defined as those who accompany fevers above or equal to 38°C. However, the exclusions from the study included those infants recognized as epileptics; those with abnormal psychomotor development; those afflicted with encephalitis and meningitis; and children with hypoglycemia or dehydration with ionic disorders, as well as those infants who lacked lumbar puncture results. Data were analyzed using the Epi Info software version 3.5.1. Results: While the average age of the patients was 13 months, the average incidence of the febrile seizures was 2.5%. The seizures occurred all through the year, peaking in October (14.1%). The peak frequency (38.7%) was recorded in children from 12 to 24 months. About one-half of the patients (46.2%) registered a temperature from 38.5°C to 39.4°C. In 68.9% of the cases, the tonic convulsions were of the common type of convulsions. The number of convulsions was in the range of >2 episodes/24 h in 83.3% of the children. The pathologies commonly associated with tonic convulsions included acute gastroenteritis (29.4%), malaria (25.8%) and bronchopneumopathies (23.3%). The evolution was favorable in 95.3% of the cases. Conclusion: While this study confirms the benign character of the febrile convulsions, their recurrent quality necessitates the codification of a prospective study, for clearer identification and closer case monitoring.

Introduction:l’objectif de ce travail était d’analyser les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs de l’hémoglobinurie chez l’enfant au CHU Pédiatrique Charles-De-Gaulle de Ouagadougou. Méthodes:il s’est agi d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive sur la période allant du 01 juillet au 31 décembre 2014. Ont été inclus dans l’étude, tous les enfants âgés de zéro à 15 ans hospitalisés dans le Service de Pédiatrie Médicale du CHU Pédiatrique Charles-de-Gaulle, chez qui une hémoglobinurie macroscopique a été diagnostiquée pendant la période de l’étude. Résultats:trente-huit patients ont été inclus dans l’étude. La fréquence hospitalière de l’hémoglobinurie était de 1,9%. L’âge moyen des patients était de 80,8 ± 44,1 mois (extrêmes = 21 et 168). Il s’agissait de 23 garçons (60,5%) et 15 filles (39,5%). Les principaux signes cliniques étaient: la fièvre (86,8%), les urines foncées « coca cola » (86,8%), la pâleur (63,2%), l’hépatomégalie (50%). Le débit de filtration glomérulaire (DFG) était inférieur à 80 mL/min/1,73m2chez 23 patients (69,7%); 21 patients avaient un déficit en G6PD. Les principales étiologies présumées de l’hémoglobinurie étaient: le paludisme grave, les infections bactériennes et virales, le déficit en G6PD, la fièvre bilieuse hémoglobinurique. Les traitements administrés étaient: les dérivées de l’artémisinine, les antibiotiques et les antipyrétiques. Le recours à la dialyse a été nécessaire chez un patient. Conclusion:l’hémoglobinurie est un symptôme qui pose surtout un problème de diagnostic étiologique dans notre contexte. Sa gravité réside dans le fait qu’elle peut provoquer une IRA sévère.

In Burkina Faso, although children are sometimes separated from adults in prisons, they still live in the same conditions of overcrowding, which can reach 180% of the capacity. The aim of our study was to describe living conditions, nutritional status, and morbidity of children in detention centers of Burkina Faso. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive study is to describe the social and health conditions of children held in 20 detention centers in Burkina Faso. During the study period, 109 children, with a mean age of 16.3 years, were examined in 20 correction centers. The main reason for incarceration was theft (66% cases, n = 72). Detention exceeded more than one month for 76 children (70%), and 59% (N = 46) had had fewer than one visit per month since their incarceration. Of these 20 facilities, 6 had no separate quarters for children. The main symptoms and diseases encountered in these children were fever in 19% of the cases (N = 16), macroscopic hematuria in 13% (N = 11), urinary tract infection in 12% (N = 10) and diarrhea in 12% (N = 10). These results show that there is a need to take preventive measures to protect these children's health, especially by improving the quality of living conditions in detention center.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) causes chronic hemolysis which is a risk factor for cholelithiasis. Its development may lead to severe and life-threatening complications. Objective: Determine the prevalence of cholelithiasis, the conditions of diagnosis and related factors. Materials and Method: We retrospectively reviewed records of 110 patients with sickle cell disease followed up in Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital from January 2003 to December 2013, including 103 patients who had abdominal ultrasonography. Results: Cholelithiasis prevalence was 24.3%. The mean age of patients was 10.8 years, (range 3 to 15 years). Sex ratio was 2.1. In 88% cases, cholelithiasis was diagnosed based on the characteristic symptoms of right hypocondrial pain, fever and icterus. Most factors associated with cholelithiasis were as follows: age above 10 years (OR = 4), occurrence of at least three (03) vaso-occlusive crises per year (OR = 7.6), history of blood transfusion (OR = 8), right hypochondrial pain (OR = 4.5) and icterus (OR = 15). Only 20% of patients suffering from a symptomatic cholelithiasis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and results were conclusive. Conclusion: Patients with sickle cell disease, especially those aged above 10, should be routinely tested for cholelithiasis using abdominal ultrasonography at least once a year. Because of the difficulties in managing evolutive complications in case of an emergency in our context, we advocate laparoscopic cholecystectomy of any cholelithiasisas soon as it is diagnosed in children with sickle cell disease.

L'ostéogenèse imparfaite (OI) regroupe un ensemble d'affections constitutionnelles de gravité variable dû à une anomalie de la production du collagène et de la matrice de l'os entraînant une fragilité osseuse. La présente étude rapporte quatre cas d'ostéogenèse imparfaite suivis aux Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires Charles de Gaulle et Yalgado Ouédraogo. Le but de ce travail était d'analyser les aspects cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs de la maladie. Cette étude souligne la nécessité d'améliorer la prise en charge de cette maladie rare mais non exceptionnelle et handicapante.

L'ostéogenèse imparfaite (OI) regroupe un ensemble d'affections constitutionnelles de gravité variable dû à une anomalie de la production du collagène et de la matrice de l'os entraînant une fragilité osseuse. La présente étude rapporte quatre cas d'ostéogenèse imparfaite suivis aux Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires Charles de Gaulle et Yalgado Ouédraogo. Le but de ce travail était d'analyser les aspects cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs de la maladie. Cette étude souligne la nécessité d'améliorer la prise en charge de cette maladie rare mais non exceptionnelle et handicapante.Key words: Ostéogenèse imparfaite, anomalies osseuses, Burkina-Faso