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Coarticulation is a process in which the movements of different articulators affect each other that in turn, brings a change either in the preceding or the following phonemes. As systematic linguistic study of regional languages in the state of AJ&K has not yet gained much importance, therefore, such phenomenon remained unexplored. The paper is an attempt to bring into focus the phenomenon of coarticulation in Pahari, a sister language of Urdu, spoken in the vicinity of Rawalakot. The paper focuses on two very common consequences of coarticulation i.e. assimilation and elision. More specifically, it addresses the issue of vocalic (vowel) assimilation at the lexical level while the process of elision both at the lexical as well as post lexical level for the above mentioned dialect of Pahari will be brought under light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Pakistan, universities are one of the major domains where English is commonly used since medium of instruction in most of the universities in Pakistan is English. In universities, students are required to produce a variety of written and spoken texts. Previous studies of university student English investigated only spoken or only written registers and none of the previous studies compared academic English produced by university students in both spoken and written modes. In this context, the present study sought to explore situational variation in graduate students' spoken and written academic English in Pakistani universities across four variables: registers, registers across disciplines, sub-registers, and sub-registers across disciplines. The study is based on Pakistani University Student English (PaUSE) corpus which contains 195 in-class presentations and 329 assignments produced by graduate students from four academic disciplines (botany, education, linguistics, and management sciences) pursuing graduate degrees in universities located in five major regions of Pakistan. Based on their communicative purposes, these presentations and assignments included in the PaUSE corpus were classified into six sub-registers (two spoken and four written): general presentations, research-based presentations, article reviews, literature reviews, research proposals, and research reports. Pakistani university student English was compared on situational characteristics across four variables. For this purpose, a framework was first developed, and the texts included in the PaUSE corpus were then compared for their situational characteristics across four variables. The findings reveal that there is considerable variation in the situational characteristics of Pakistani university student English across all variables. The findings of the present study make a strong case for exploring linguistic variation in Pakistani university student English that will be presented in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to investigate how person deixis is used in Urdu and how sentences can be interpreted more effectively with the help of this deictic knowledge. It also unveils different uses of Urdu person deixis along with their features. Urdu textbooks, novels, magazines, poetry books, newspapers, travelogues, etc. were used to collect the data for the present study. The frameworks proposed by Fillmore (1991, 1997), Levinson (1983) and Ingram (1971,1978) were used to analyze the data. The diverse and multidimensional deictic nature of Urdu first person plural pronouns has been revealed by the study. The first person plural in Urdu generally refers to plural. However, a group of people with the inclusion or exclusion of the addressee may also be referred by the first person plural in Urdu. They may refer to an individual in literary writings or to an individual in authority. The choice of second person pronouns in Urdu is purely deictic and they may refer to singular or plural referents depending on the context except ‘tu’ which always points out a singular referent. Urdu second person may jump to third person also. Unlike English, third person deictics in Urdu do not make any gender distinction. Sometimes, the plural third person may refer to a singular referent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]