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Gliomatosis peritonei (GP) and Growing Teratoma Syndrome (GTS) are rare and clinically significant conditions often associated with ovarian teratomas. GP involves the development of benign glial implants on the peritoneal surface, while GTS is characterised by the growth of benign, yet enlarging peritoneal implants following chemotherapy for malignant germ cell tumours. These implants are typically histologically mature teratomas devoid of malignancy. Our report documents a unique case where both GP and GTS manifested in a patient undergoing treatment for an immature ovarian teratoma. This dual occurrence is scarcely reported in the existing literature. The patient, a nulliparous woman in her 20s, developed a tumour indicative of GTS immediately after completing three cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin therapy. This chemotherapy regimen followed fertilitysparing surgery for a stage IIIb ovarian immature teratoma. Given that total tumour resection is pivotal in positively influencing the prognosis of GTS, early minimally invasive surgical intervention before significant tumour growth is essential. This approach is particularly crucial considering that ovarian germ cell tumours are commonly present in younger patients, necessitating a focus on fertility preservation in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic that strucked the world had changed the global health system and caused changes in clinical practice and practitioners' exposure. The aim of this research is to study the perception of UKM Obstetrics and gynaecology postgraduate students about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their specialist training. Methods: The survey had been carried out through Google Form among students enrolled in Doctor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (DROG) program in UKM and consist of three sections; socio-demographic information, changes in role during COVID-19 and perception towards training. Quantitative analysis performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Out of 47 respondents, 13 were working in MOH hospitals, 17 in UKM Hospital and 17 in both MOH and UKM hospitals. Total of 32 students (68.1%) felt increment in seeing obstetric patients and 31 students (65.9%) performed more obstetric procedures during COVID-19 pandemic. For gynaecology, 29 students (61.7%) claimed had been seeing less gynaecological patients and 40 students (85.1%) performed less gynaecological surgeries. Total of 35 students (74.5%) agreed that COVID-19 pandemic had affected their mental well-being and 42 students (89.4%) agreed their social well-being had been affected. Total of 43 trainees (91.5%) agreed that COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted their surgical skills in gynaecology and 38 students (80.1%) claimed their overall learning opportunities had been affected. Mean for training perception score is 52.53 and there is no significant difference in score mean among students according to difference in study year and training hospitals. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had caused negative impact to the specialty training among Obstetrics & Gynaecology postgraduate students in UKM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer (SEOC) is a rare female reproductive malignancy comprising ovarian and endometrial cancer. Precise diagnosis is crucial for treatment and prognostication, as overall outcome and treatment is differ from those of metastatic endometrial cancer (EC) or ovarian cancer (OC). In this review based on 4 case series of SEOC, we aim to discuss the clinical characteristic, accurate diagnosis using advance molecular analysis techniques and immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests and treatment modalities of SEOC. Method: Case series and literature review. Results: In our report, SEOCs are more prevalent in young premenopausal women with obesity, nulliparous and hereditary predisposition as risk factors. Abnormal menses, abdominal distention and abdominal pain were the common presenting symptoms. It made all diagnosis for SEOCs histologically based on established criteria. Surgery remains the main treatment modality with the goal for treatment and achieving diagnosis. All of our patients had an endometroid type histology with early stage and low grade histology for both endometrial carcinoma (EC) and ovarian carcinoma (OC) except two patients had concomitant seromucinous ovarian carcinoma (OC). We perform a review of the literature highlighting the characteristic and management of SEOC, particularly emphasizing the importance of IHC test on the histological confirmatory diagnosis and molecular studies. Conclusion: It is very essential to gain an accurate diagnosis, treat and prognosticate this disease as overall outcome and treatment is different compared to metastatic EC or OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition amongst women of reproductive age that can result in increased mortality and morbidity in women due to increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of common treatments of PCOS on the predictors of diabetes in non-diabetic PCOS women. Materials and methods: An extensive search was performed on the publications in three medical databases including pubmed, scopus and google scholar from 1995 till 2017. The articles were screened based on their quality and included in this systematic review. A total of 25 articles including cohort, randomised controlled trial, review and meta-analysis were included in the review. Results: This systematic review revealed that the effect of lifestyle modification might be low in PCOS subjects due to high drop-out rate while the benefits of this intervention including weight and fat reduction may not be achieved by medical interventions. Metformin treatment may result in improvements in insulin sensitivity while its weight reduction effect is still not documented in PCOS subjects. Thiazolidendiones might be tolerated by the PCOS subjects and may result in similar effects as metformin but this effect should be documented by further studies. Conclusion: Combination of lifestyle modification with metformin or thiazolidinedions might improve the outcome of the prevention strategies. On the other hand this study revealed a different response to treatments in non-obese compared with obese PCOS subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hybrid teaching method has been implemented in majority of medical schools to adapt with the Covid pandemic era. With this integrated method, we aim to determine the student's experience, satisfaction and barriers of hybrid undergraduate teaching in obstetrics & gynaecology posting. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among medical students undergoing hybrid teaching during obstetrics & gynaecology posting in the year of 2020 and 2021. Participants were 112 fourth and fifth year medical students whom were affected by the pandemic. Online questionnaires through Google forms were distributed to all eligible students. The questionnaire consists of four sections: socio-demographic, experience, satisfaction and barriers. Results: The response rate was 75%. Majority (90.2%) of the respondents were satisfied with the hybrid teaching. Among the barriers that sometimes encountered by our students were inability to adjust learning style, lack of technical skills, mental health difficulties, emotional difficulties, unreliable internet access and an unconducive study environment. Among all the demographic data studied, only ethnicity showed a significant association with the satisfaction of the students. Conclusion: Our study found that majority of students were satisfied with hybrid teaching with minimal barriers experienced. Hence its practice can be continued as it can be utilised at any time as compared to traditional teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and reproductive condition affecting women of reproductive age, although its expression profiles and molecular pathways are not fully understood., Aims: To identify the transcriptome expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in women with PCOS and controls. To investigate noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and potential treatment targets to improve women's fertility., Methods: RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted on PBMC samples from six patients with PCOS and six healthy controls. qRT-PCR validation was carried out in 68 subjects. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the combined impact of biomarkers., Results: A total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found between patients and controls (log 2 FC >1, p < 0.05). Enrichment analysis revealed cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, cytokine activity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. RNA sequencing showed consistency with qRT-PCR. Women with PCOS had significantly higher levels of AQP9 (p < 0.001), PROK2 (p = 0.001), and S100A12 (p < 0.001) expression compared to controls. AQP9 (AUC = 0.77), PROK2 (AUC = 0.71), and S100A12 (AUC = 0.82) adequately discriminated women with PCOS from healthy controls. In addition, multiple logistic regression on biomarkers resulted in a significant diagnostic power with an AUC = 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.81-0.97, p < 0.0001. Further associations were analyzed between relative gene expression and clinical, anthropometric, hormonal, and ultrasonographic data., Conclusions: Dysregulated RNA expression in PBMCs may contribute to an increased risk of PCOS and serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker. The involvement of inflammatory and cytokine-related pathways supports the notion that PCOS is a chronic inflammatory condition., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interests R.H. has nothing to disclose. M.P. has nothing to disclose. M.B.O. has nothing to disclose. K- H.L. has nothing to disclose. H.A.H. has nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Study Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of interstitial ectopic pregnancy and to compare the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cornuotomy (LC) and laparotomy (open) cornuotomy (OC) of cornual ectopic pregnancy and to analyze its associated factors., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving cases of interstitial ectopic in Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia, over a 10-year period (2005-2014). Data on sociodemographic, clinical profile, perioperative, and postoperative were obtained from the electronic medical records., Measurement and Main Results: The prevalence of cornual pregnancy was 4.0% ( n = 14) out of total 347 cases of all ectopic pregnancies in Putrajaya Hospital. The mean ± standard deviation age of patient in the LC group and OC group was 29.3 ± 5.9 years and 31.4 ± 7.3 years, respectively. The duration of hospitalization and mean operating time were both significantly shorter in the LC group than in the OC group (1.43 ± 0.54 versus 2.57 ± 0.79 and 61.4 ± 15.7 min versus 97.1 ± 38.2 min, respectively, P < 0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between both groups for the estimated blood loss, requirement of blood transfusion, complications, and future fertility., Conclusion: Laparoscopic cornual resection (cornuotomy) is a safe and less invasive procedure with a comparable complication rate. It has shown that it is feasibility and should be considered as initial treatment in managing those cases in trained hand surgeons., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a combination of chronic anovulation, obesity, and hyperandrogenism and can affect sexual function in women of reproductive age. It is also associated with endometrial cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency and predisposing factors of sexual dysfunction in PCOS patients., Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 married women with a definite diagnosis of PCOS were recruited. Sexual function was assessed in the domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain using the female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire. Patients were also assessed for mental health using the depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21) questionnaire. Presence of hirsutism was assessed using the Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) scoring system. Demographic data were obtained from patients during in-person interview., Results: Sexual dysfunction was present in 62.5% of patients with the domains of arousal and lubrication particularly affected (93.8% and 87.5%, respectively). Patients with symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly more likely to suffer sexual dysfunction than those without these symptoms (p=0.04 and p=0.03 respectively). Patients with stress symptoms reported higher orgasm dysfunction than those without (p=0.02). No significant difference in any of the FSFI score domains was observed between patients with and without hirsutism., Conclusions: PCOS patients markedly suffer from sexual dysfunction and therefore it seems appropriate to be screened for intervention. Poor mental health conditions that may be the result of infertility or other complications of PCOS should also be considered as curable causes of sexual dysfunction in these patients.