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X International Symposium on Kiwifruit Mineral nutrients are essential components of basal media for optimal growth and development of plants grown in vitro. Their deficiency causes physiological disorders. Vitamins have several physiological functions, however, their role in the growth and development of micropropagated plants remains scarce and controversial. The objective of this work has been to get insight on the role of mineral nutrients and vitamins as main components of the in vitro basal medium on the quality of micropropagated kiwiberry (hardy kiwi). Two computer tools were used: design of experiments (DOE) and machine learning (ML), particularly neurofuzzy logic (NL). Two different experiments were designed using a well-sampled five-dimensional experimental design space of 33 treatments using DOE. In both experiments five independent factors were established, in the first the following mineral salts: NH4NO3, KNO3, Mesos, Micros and iron, while in the second, the following five vitamins: myoinositol, thiamine, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine and vitamin E. Neurofuzzy logic models were used to identify the critical vitamins and mineral nutrients on shoot length (SL) and shoot quality (SQ). Neurofuzzy logic models showed that only 7 out of 18 mineral elements were critical factors affecting both, SL and SQ, while only 3 out of 5 vitamins were relevant. In conclusion, these results shed light on the effect of mineral nutrients as key requirements on shoot growth and quality and, for the first time, identified the relevant role of vitamin E on shoot growth of micropropagated kiwiberry.

Introduction L’asthme et la rhinite allergique sont des pathologies souvent associes et constituent des problemes de sante publique du fait de leurs morbidites et leurs impacts sur la qualite de vie. Objectif de l’etude Identifier les facteurs predictifs du developpement de l’asthme chez les patients presentant une rhinite allergique. Methodes Etude transversale observationnelle descriptive et prospective qui s’est deroule entre novembre 2016 a novembre 2018 au niveau de la consultation du service de pneumo-allergologie du CHU de Tizi Ouzou. Ont etes inclus tous les patients rhinitiques des deux sexes dont l’âge est superieur ou egal a 16 ans suivi en consultations de pneumologie ou d’ORL. Les donnees ont ete recueillies sur une fiche preetablie. Resultats 334 patients ont etes inclus, il s’agit de 106 (31,7 %) hommes et de 228 (68,3 %) femmes. Les six facteurs predictifs retrouves sont : l’atopie personnelle OR : 2,31 [1,25–2,23], familiale OR : 0,81 [0,48–1,34], la severite de la rhinite OR : 87 [41,28–183,3], la duree d’evolution de la rhinite OR : 1,022 [1,015–1,029], la sensibilisation aux acariens OR : 1,52 [0,84–2,76] et la polysensibilisation OR : 1,69 [0,76–3,74]. Conclusion Les facteurs predictifs du developpement d’asthme chez les patients rhinitiques sont des elements importants, ils doivent obligatoirement etre recherches et prisent en charge dans le cadre de la prevention primaire.

International audience; La présente édition de la Lucarne matérialise la poursuite d’un travail engagé depuis 2013. Comme pour la précédente livraison, il a été réalisé dans le cadre d’un atelier collaboratif d’histoire socioculturelle. L’atelier lui-même est animé par un collectif formé des enseignant∙e∙s et auditeur∙rice∙s des formations du CNAM dédiées à la médiation socioculturelle des sciences et techniques. Certificat de compétences, Licence professionnelle ou Magister s’attèlent ainsi à la réflexion, à la conception et à la réalisation de dispositifs pour la médiation des sciences et techniques en société par le design culturel. C’est dans ce cadre de réalisation pédagogique que sont rassemblés ces textes et documents pour lesquels sont proposés de courtes analyses sur leur fonction de support de diffusion massive dans l’espace public d’une culture populaire et ordinaire des sciences et techniques. Tous ont été rédigés dans le cadre d’un exercice exigé pour la validation d’un enseignement. Si le résultat final peut s’avérer inégalement satisfaisant à l’aune des critères de leurs commanditaires, tous les textes apportent cependant un regard jugé pertinent sur un des aspects des manifestations des sciences et techniques dans leurs rapports à la société au travers de la production et de la consommation culturelle de masse. Quelques-uns ont été un peu remaniés pour la présente édition. Retrouvez-les tous, ainsi que d’autres non publiés dans ce volume, sur le site de la Lucarne : http://ateliercst.hypotheses.org/Avec les contributions de Philippe Cholet, Christophe Thomas, Julie Piskor, Prisca Cez, Karine Guillon, Jessica Signahode, Antonella Cavanna, Claire Robin, Daphné Debilly, Claire Combettes, Fabienne Thomas, Annie Dumont, Alexandre Couturas, Mirielle Rineau, Jan-Philippe Dubroca, Cyndie Dupoux, Laurent Marche, Carole Zagouri, Mario Vocale, Julie Daviet-Draye, Marie Berlingue, Gisele Butterlin, Laurène Legrand, Ludivine Cavé, Frederic Pitout, Delphine Blanchard, Charlotte Joguet, Alexandre Ben Othman, Roxane Bibard, Victoire Chabert, Morgane Petit, Ariane Rudelle, Tanit Halfon, Marie Danielle et Meryem Hameg.

This paper presents a new algorithm to classify convective clouds and determine their intensity, based on cloud physical properties retrieved from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). The convective rainfall events at 15 min, 4 × 5 km spatial resolution from 2006 to 2012 are analysed over northern Algeria. The convective rain classification methodology makes use of the relationship between cloud spectral characteristics and cloud physical properties such as cloud water path (CWP), cloud phase (CP) and cloud top height (CTH). For this classification, a statistical method based on ‘naive Bayes classifier’ is applied. This is a simple probabilistic classifier based on applying ‘Bayes’ theorem with strong (naive) independent assumptions. For a 9-month period, the ability of SEVIRI to classify the rainfall intensity in the convective clouds is evaluated using weather radar over the northern Algeria. The results indicate an encouraging performance of the new algorithm for intensity differentiation of convective clouds using SEVIRI data.

The aim of this study is to analyze the chronological behavior of precipitation in the north of Algeria using a Markovian approach. The probabilistic approach presented here proposes to study the evolution of the rainfall phenomenon in two distinct study areas, one located in sea and other located in ground. The data that we have used are provided by the National Office of Meteorology in Algiers (ONM). They are a series of images collected by the meterological radar of Setif during the rainy season 2001/2002. A decision criterion is established and based on radar reflectivity in order to classify the precipitation events located in both areas. At each radar observation, a state of precipitations is classified, either convective (heavy precipitation) or stratiform (average precipitation) both for the "sea" and for the "ground". On the whole, a time series of precipitations composed of three states; S0 (no raining), S1 (stratiform precipitation) and S2 (convective precipitation), is obtained for each of the two areas. Thereby, we studied and characterized the behavior of precipitation in time by a Markov chain of order one with three states. Transition probabilities Pij of state Si to state Sj are calculated. The results show that rainfall is well described by a Markov chain of order one with three states. Indeed, the stationary probabilities, which are calculated by using the Markovian model, and the actual probabilities are almost identical.

The authors describe the medications for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in phase II/III of clinical development in the EU and USA and provide an opinion on how current treatment can be improved in the near future. Areas covered: Sixty-two trials were identified in US and EU clinical trial registries that included six investigational compounds in recent phase III development and 12 others in recent phase II clinical trials. Glutamatergic agents have been the focus of many studies. A single intravenous dose of the glutamatergic modulator ketamine produces a robust and rapid antidepressant effect in persons with TRD; this effect continues to remain significant for 1 week. This observation was a turning point that opened the way for other, more selective glutamatergic modulators (intranasal esketamine, AVP-786, AVP-923, AV-101, and rapastinel). Of the remaining compounds, monoclonal antibodies open highly innovative therapeutic options, based on new pathophysiological approaches to depression. Expert commentary: Promising new agents are emerging for TRD treatment. Glutamatergic modulators likely represent a very promising alternative to monoaminergic antidepressant monotherapy. We could see the arrival of the first robust and rapid acting antidepressant drug in the near future, which would strongly facilitate the ultimate goal of recovery in persons with TRD.

Introduction Myelite aigue post-varicelle = complication du (VZV) paralysie dans 2/3 des cas handicap sequellaire. Observation Enfant, 9 ans, sans antecedents. Installation subaigue d’un deficit sensitivomoteur aux 2 Membres Inferieurs, precede d’une eruption cutanee (varicelle) = > paraplegie flasque avec Troubles vesico-sphincteriens IRM (lesion medullaire demyelinisante) ; Ponction Lombaire (hyperproteinorrachie) ; EMG (atteinte neurogene peripherique des 2 Membres Inferieurs de type axonal) traite a 2 mois du debut des troubles par : corticotherapie, plasmapherese et Immunoglobulines ; puis adresse en reeducation pour PEC secondaire. Discussion (1) A l’entree : paraplegie complete flasque de niveau moteur D12 avec troubles vesicosphincteriens, (2) Apres 3 mois d’hospitalisation : autonomie sur fauteuil roulant, bon controle anal, verticalisation avec GAM ; l’enfant est toujours suivi a notre niveau pour travail de la marche avec GAM. Conclusion (1) La varicelle pathologie virale benigne, a complications neurologiques rares mais redoutables (mefiance devant le moindre signe neurologique) ; (2) La MA post-varicelle = urgence diagnostique et therapeutique.

International audience; Currently, it is well recognized that coupling graphical and formal notations offers several advantages. Indeed, even if a graphical representation permits to design a visual, synthetic and user-friendly view of the system, it may be source of ambiguity and does not permit any formal verification. Formal methods help to remedy these shortcomings by giving a precise semantics to graphical notations such that it becomes possible to verify a large range of properties and even to generate correct implementations. Nevertheless, users cannot take a full advantage of the benefits of such a combination if it is not supported by an automatic tool that liberates them from the tedious translation activity. Following this direction, the present paper describes the main functionalities of a tool that automatically generates a formal secure access control filter for information systems. The goal of the filter is to regulate the access to data of an information system according to a set of static and dynamic rules. Data are described using a UML class diagram, whereas the static and dynamic rules are modeled using \textsc{SecureUML} and UML activity diagrams respectively. Basically, the tool automatically generates the B formal specification corresponding to these diagrams and the filter

In this review, the authors describe medications in phase III of clinical development for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and provide an opinion on how current treatment can be improved in the near future.Recent (post 2013) phase III clinical trials of schizophrenia-targeted therapies were found in US and EU clinical trial registries. Two hundred fifty-three trials were identified, that included 16 investigational compounds. The antipsychotics brexpiprazole and cariprazine have been approved in the US, and although both are dopamine D2 receptor partial agonists, they differ markedly in their pharmacodynamic profiles. Encenicline and valbenazine are first-in-class candidates for treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) and tardive dyskinesia, respectively. Eleven add-on compounds were previously approved for other therapeutic indications and are for the most part being studied at academic medical centers and smaller pharmaceutical companies for negative symptoms and CIAS or for specific populations (comorbidities, antipsychotic-induced obesity).Promising new agents are emerging for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. In addition to better-tolerated antipsychotics that treat positive symptoms, we could see the arrival of the first effective drug for negative symptoms and CIAS, which would strongly facilitate the ultimate goal of recovery in persons with schizophrenia.

For the last 30 years, drugs targeting serotonin receptors (5-HTR) have been intensively investigated in schizophrenia. New drugs targeting 5-HTRs are under development in patients with schizophrenia.In this review, the authors describe the recent clinical trials for schizophrenia with selective serotonergic agents and provide an opinion on how the investigated drugs can help to fulfil current treatment needs. Clinical trials were found in US and EU clinical trial registries and in the medical literature. Relevant 5-HTR antagonists active in animal models of schizophrenia were also analysed.Antipsychotics reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations and disordered thought), but have undesirable side effects. Moreover, satisfactory treatment of negative symptoms (apathy, poverty of speech, lack of interest in social interactions) and cognitive dysfunction is currently not available. The selective 5-HT2CR full agonist vabicaserin showed antipsychotic efficacy with fewer side effects than olanzapine. Adjunctive pimavanserin (a selective 5-HT2AR inverse agonist) facilitated antipsychotic dose and side-effect reductions. Selective 5-HT3R antagonists (ondansetron, tropisetron and granisetron) showed positive results on negative symptoms and/or cognitive impairments in phase II trials. Adjunctive ondansetron has now entered a phase III trial for such indications. Finally, 5-HTA5R and 5-HT7R antagonists have shown procognitive actions in animal models of schizophrenia. These novel serotonergic drugs seem promising for improving the current treatment of schizophrenia.

Risk factors that may be associated with suicide attempts in bipolar disorder are still a matter of debate. We compared demographic, illness course, clinical, and temperamental features of suicide attempters vs those of nonattempters in a large sample of bipolar I patients admitted for an index manic episode. One thousand ninety patients (attempters = 382, nonattempters = 708) were included in the study. Multivariate analysis evidenced 8 risk factors associated with lifetime suicide attempts as follows: multiple hospitalizations, depressive or mixed polarity of first episode, presence of stressful life events before illness onset, younger age at onset, no free intervals between episodes, female sex, higher number of previous episodes, and cyclothymic temperament. These characteristics may help identify subjects at risk for suicide attempt throughout the course of bipolar disorder. We finally propose to integrate such characteristics into a stress-diathesis model of suicidal behavior, adapted to bipolar patients.