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A total 240 1-day-old straight-run (Ross-308) broilers were used to investigate the effect of fruit waste (FW) on live performance and blood parameters of Broilers for 56 days. Four experimental diets comprising 3 replicates with 20 birds each were tested with using complete randomized method consisting Diet 1 (D1) (treatment 1) with 100% basal feed (BF) and 0% fruit waste (FW), diet 2 (D2) (75 BF + 25% FW), diet 3 (D3) (50% BF + 50% FW) and diet 4 (D4) (25% BF + 75% FW). Non-significant results (p>0.05) were found in feed intake and body weight gain and carcass characteristics in all treatment groups while feed conversion ratio (FCR) were resulted significantly difference (p<0.05) in D2 (1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th week), D3 (1st and 3rd week) and D4 (1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th week). In case of organs weight except gizzard, all other organs (liver, heart, intestine, pancreas, lungs, spleen and kidney) resulted significantly difference (p<0.05) and affected with FW supplementation. Broiler fed with 25% and 50% FW affected positively (p<0.05) to lymphocytes, granulocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean platelet volume while D3 also resulted positively in results of mid-range absolute count. While birds fed D4 (75% FW) resulted significant difference (p<0.05) in mean platelet volume. Overall, D2 and D3 that offered with 25% and 50% FW replacement showed better results than the control treatments with basal feed. It is suggested that as a supplements, FW can be added in feed as medicinal effects of fruit wastes by reducing the antibiotic usage in broilers and decreased the environmental pollution and for functional food ingredients, natural antioxidants, antimicrobial compounds and substantially reduce the amount of waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming stimulates soil salinization and calcification, resulting in phosphorus (P) deficiency in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can enhance phosphorus availability, but their role has been less explored under arid and semiarid climatic conditions. A two-year consecutive field experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of PSB loading onto seeds, organic, and mineral fertilizers. The trial followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for each treatment. There were five treatments: T1 was the uninoculated control with no fertilizer (Control), T2 was uninoculated with recommended NPK (NPK), T3 was PSB-inoculated wheat seeds (PSB-Seed), T4 was PSB-inoculated organic fertilizer (PSB-OF), and T5 was PSB-inoculated mineral fertilizer (PSB-MF). Results revealed that inoculation with PSB onto seeds, organic, or mineral fertilizer had a more pronounced impact not only on the vegetative development and yield of wheat but also on P contents in grains. It was observed that the PSB-inoculated mineral fertilizer treatment responded well, showing noticeable wheat biomass accumulation, grain yield, and improved P uptake in grain and straw. Interestingly, the highest uptake of nitrogen (N) in wheat grain was observed with both PSB-inoculated organic fertilizer treatment and PSB-inoculated mineral fertilizer treatment, highlighting the efficacy of slow-release nitrogen from organic fertilizer in addition to the impact of PSB. In conclusion, PSB inoculation on organic or mineral fertilizer has substantial potential in enhancing crop productivity and combating P deficiency in arid and semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Helicobacter pylori have ancestral relation with the family of Proteobacteria, order Campylobacterales, family Helicobacteraceae. It is the first and most important cause of gastric carcinoma along with peptic ulcer and dyspepsia carcinoma. H. pylori is also responsible for mucosa associated with lymphoid tissue (MALT) and Known Hodgkin Lymphoma. It is assessed that patients having H. pylori are a 30% to 40% possibility of evolving gastric ulcer and a 10% to 20% possibility of developing distal gastric cancer. It causes chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of duodenal, gastric ulcer, and cancer. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In the current study, a total of 210 gastric biopsy specimens were collected from the patient with a history of gastritis from Chughtai Lab in 10% NBF. All tissue size was measured and gross examined these samples were processed in an automated tissue processor Tissue-Tek VIP VI (Japan). After processing, the embedding of tissues was done in paraffin wax at Tissue-Tek TEC. 2- 3 µm sections were prepared using rotary microtome Leica 201 USA. A comparison was carried out between H&E and IHC. Helicobacter pylori were detected in 88 cases out of 200 while 09 samples were either poorly preserved or autolyzed that's why further processing and diagnosis were not possible. One case was diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; the sample was collected from a female patient of 56 years. Out of 88 positive cases, 66 (75%) were initially screened as positive for H.pyloriby H&E staining due to the presence of mild or moderate colonization while the remaining 25% cases were negative by H&E staining but with suspicion of neutrophils and lymphoid aggregates. All 88 cases were further confirmed by IHC. Our findings confirmed that IHC is a batter reliable and more accurate method in the diagnosis of H.pylori and it should be considered the gold standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize is the essential cereal crop and which is the basic necessity of food and oil for human consumption. Throughout the world it is also used as feed for livestock but this crop is usually susceptible to salinity. Growth and productivity of crop inhibit by the salinity that is the most important abiotic stress and it is one of the world's oldest and most commonly distributed environmental challenges. With the objective to combat salinity stress in maize a pot culture study was conducted to investigate the yield performance of the selected maize genotypes against salinity using different soil and foliar application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4. Treatments included of all possible combinations of soil application of Zn (2.65 and 5.30g ZnSO4 per pot) and Fe application of (3.00 and 6.00 g FeSO4 per pot) and foliar application of Zn (17 and 34 g L-1 as ZnSO4) and Fe (14 and 30g L-1 as FeSO4). The foliar application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4 was applied on maize foliage at 5th leaf stage. Foliar spraying of micronutrients under these conditions could be much more efficient than soil application of nutrients to the crops. By the Use of foliar spraying of micronutrients plant tolerance to salinity by alleviating Na and Cl injury to plants can be increased. It was concluded that in saline soil maize yield may improve by the application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 and increase of the concentration in maize grains can improve human nourishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Status of mineral nutrient in plant body play an important role in improving its response to any environmental hazard like water stress, salt stress and heavy metal stress etc. Along with other mineral nutrients, potassium has an important task regarding plants endurance under salt stress condition. It is very important for maintaining turgor and membrane potential, balancing osmotic potential, controlling stomatal movement and activating enzymes. Addition of potassium in growing medium improved salinity tolerance in rice, wheat and corn. Results of previous research depicted that high concentration of potassium in plant body greatly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species. With the objective to combat salinity stress in maize a pot study to investigate the effect of K application on the growth and Fe/Zn use efficiency of salt-tolerant and sensitive maize genotypes. In this experiment two maize {Zea mays L.) genotypes, one salinity sensitive and one salinity tolerant (on the basis of study I) were used. Seeds of each cultivar were sterilized in HgCb solution (0.1%) for 10 min and after rinsing these seeds with distilled water they were sown in plastic pots containing well washed gravels. The seedlings were allowed to grow for 15 days. Uniform sized seedlings were transferred to a hydroponic system comprising of plastic tubs filled with Hoagland's nutrient solution (half strength). The treatments in this experiment include different levels of NaCl and potassium. The concentrations of potassium were 1 and 1.5 mM of the Hoagland nutrient solution with 0 or 100 mM NaCl. The salinity treatment was developed by adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to the nutrient solution after four days of transplantation to the hydroponic system. There were four replications of each treatment. The plants were allowed to grow in the treatment solutions for 28 days and at harvest the data regarding root/ shoot lengths, root/shoot fresh and dry weights were recorded. The oven dried shoot samples were analyzed for ion contents including Zn, Fe, Na+ and K+. It was concluded that in saline soil maize yield may improve by the application of K and increase of the concentration in maize grains can improve human nourishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]