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Mastery Learning strategy is an instructional strategy and educational philosophy; this strategy is presented for the first time in (1986) by Benjamin Bloom. According to this strategy, the students must achieve a level of mastery in knowledge before going to learn subsequent information. If a student does not achieve mastery on the test, they are given additional support in learning and reviewing the information and then tested again. Most of EFL students at Iraqi schools find difficulties in mastering the literary text due to a variety of reasons in teaching materials or in adopted methods. This study aims at finding out the effect of Mastery Learning Strategy on EFL preparatory school students’ achievement in literary text. A sample of (60) students have been randomly selected from the Iraqi EFL fifth preparatory school students from Saladin Governorate, Al- Ramah Al-awaly preparatory School for boys during the academic year (2020-2021). The students divided into two groups, (30) students as an Experimental Group and (30) students as a Control Group. Both groups have been equalized in their age, parents’ level of education, their degrees in English language subject in the previous grade of the academic year (2019- 2020), and their level of achievement in the pre- test. Both groups have been taught by the researcher himself and exposed to the same instructional material from English for Iraq/ 5th class (students’ book and literature focus). The Experimental Group has been taught according to Mastery Learning Strategy, while the Control Group has been taught according to the conventional method. An achievement test has been constructed, validated, and applied on the two groups. The obtained results have been collected and analyzed statistically. The results of the current study show that the achievement of the experimental group who has been taught by Using the mastery learning strategy is better than that of the control group who have been taught by using the traditional method. This means that mastery learning strategy proves to be more effective than the traditional technique, in teaching literary texts. Finally, the study ends up with some conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for further studies.

This study includes a comparison between the use of fixed and variable speed VSP pumps, in terms of investment cost, through finding the operating schedule of pumps, for three pumping stations, using the method of genetic algorithms. The use of VSP pumps will reduce the investment costs of the Water project by more than 15%, in relation to the use of fixed speed pumps (FSP) with the same speed, pressure, discharge and engine speed . The FSP has been modified to become a VSP, using a Variable Frequency drive

This research involves the redesigning (replacement) of the water disterbution network at Aledekhar and AlShababia , using genetic algorithm technology,then studying Add new Pipes to the current network with in parallel with the old, comparing the two solutions economically and hydraulically, and determining the coefficient of Hydraulic Reliability based on the study of the status of the network designed usingthetechnology of genetic algorithms by testing under the Fire situation, to achieve a more optimal solution, by Using software called Darwin Designer, this software was designed by the South African hydrologist Zheng WU in 2003. The results of the study showed that using genetic algorithm technology can achieve significant savings in water network projects of more than 23%, access a better hydraulic solutions and achieve hydraulic reliability of up to 100%.

Fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications are developed for Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as industrial automation, cloud robots, and safety-critical vehicle communications. The emerging 5G requires fast data rates, minimal latency, and wide coverage. In order to fulfill these demands improved slot-based architecture, mm-wave bands, and beamforming are being designed. These technologies require RF front-end switches with high isolation, frequency filtering, low insertion loss, high linearity, and fast switching. This thesis studies cantilever-based RF-MEMS switch performance at high frequencies for 5G applications. The RF-MEMS switch is first designed in a series configuration and exploits intrinsic stresses within a thin film to build a self-assembled cantilever beam based on bi-directional control of intrinsic stresses to reconstruct straight cantilever beams into out-of-plane wavy structures. The novel switch design displays a low insertion loss of -0.5 dB in the on-state and high RF isolation of -22 dB in the off-state at 30 GHz due to the large air gap between the distal end of the cantilever switch (RFin) and underlying contact pad (RFout), while maintaining a low operation voltage of 10.5 V. In addition, to reduce the inherent high actuation voltage needs of conventional electrostatic fixed–fixed shunt switches, a cantilever-based RF-MEMS switch with a shunt configuration has also been designed and, systematically optimized both from electromechanical and RF performance aspects achieving a pull-in voltage of 9 V, low insertion loss of -0.14 dB, and high isolation of -44.7 dB at 30 GHz. The novel cantilever-based series and shunt RF-MEMS switches designed in this thesis exhibit low insertion losses, high isolation and low pull-in voltages, making them ideal for 5G mobile applications.

The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.

Vacuum breakdown is one of the main limitations to the operating accelerating gradient in radio frequency linear accelerators. Recent studies of copper cavities have been shown that harder copper conditions more quickly and can reach higher accelerating gradients than soft copper cavities. Exploiting this advantage requires the development of assembly methods that do not involve the copper-softening high-temperature heating cycles that are used in for example bonding and brazing. A shrink-fit method, which was already implemented successfully in the operation the IPM linac, is proposed for the construction high-gradient test S-band standing wave structure operating at 2998.5 MHz. The three cells cavity is designed to have a maximum gradient in the middle cell that is twice that of the adjacent cells. Mechanical considerations relating to the shrink-fit construction method have been performed using Ansys. To validate the simulations and ensure the feasibility of construction by shrink-fit method, a sample cavity was constructed and cold tests was performed.

HCMV has been detected in various types of tumors. Besides its well-describedoncomodulation, recentlyan oncogenic properties of HMCV per se as well asits direct transforming role in infected cells have beendescribed.HCMV in serous ovarian adenocarcinoma and its relation to BRCA1and BRCA2 was scarcelystudied.The study was designed to examine cellular dysregulation mediated by the concordant protein expressionsof BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes with HCMV in tissues from ovarian cancers.Eighty ovarian tissues were examined for HCMV-DNA and BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes expression. Thosesamples belonged to (40) patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and (40) from apparently normal ovariantissues. The detection of HCMV-DNA was done by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) whereas thetranslated proteins of the expressed BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Positive signals of HCMV-DNA -CISH reactions in malignant serous epithelial ovarian tumors, was detectedin 45% (18 out of 40)tissues and followed by the apparently healthy ovarian control tissues (12.5%,5 outof 40 tissues). The difference of the HCMV in ovarian cancers and control was highly significant. Thetranslated proteins of the expressed BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes was detected by IHC in 60% (24 out of 40tissues) of malignant serous epithelial ovarian tumors while no signal was reported in the control tissues.The difference between the percentages of BRCA1 as well as BRCA2proteins detection in ovarian cancer &control group was statistically significant (

Physical review accelerators and beams 23(4), 043401 (2020). doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.043401, In state of the art photoinjector electron sources, thermal emittance from photoemission dominates the final injector emittance. Therefore, low thermal emittance cathode developments and diagnostics are very important. Conventional thermal emittance measurements for the high gradient gun are time-consuming and thus thermal emittance is not measured as frequently as quantum efficiency during the lifetime of photocathodes, although both are important properties for the photoinjector optimizations. In this paper, a single shot measurement of photoemission transverse momentum, i.e., thermal emittance per rms laser spot size, is proposed for photocathode rf guns. By tuning the gun solenoid focusing, the electrons’ transverse momenta at the cathode are imaged to a downstream screen, which enables a single shot measurement of both the rms value and the detailed spectra of the photoelectrons’ transverse momenta. Both simulations and proof of principle experiments are reported., Published by American Physical Society, College Park, MD

In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) contribute to inflammation, and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) contributes to invasiveness, but their relationship has not been previously examined within a cohort of patients with OSCC or OSCC cell lines.COX-2 and CD147 expression was determined by using immunohistochemistry on 39 surgical biopsy specimens of OSCC. Expression in tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent oral epithelium was characterized by using a visual grading system. COX-1, COX-2, and CD147 expression was determined in vitro by using OSCC cell lines (SCC25, BHY, and HN) and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Secretion of prostagladin EBiopsy specimens showed higher COX-2 expression in tumor cells compared with stroma and adjacent epithelium (P.05). There was no difference in CD147 expression among the tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent epithelium. In OSCC cell lines, there was a trend for COX-2 and CD147 gene expression to be coordinated. Interestingly, PGECOX-1, COX-2, and CD147 appear to be independently regulated in OSCC, potentially representing 2 therapeutic targets for future investigation. COX-1 expression in OSCC deserves further study because it may be an important determinant of PGE

10th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC’19, Melbourne, Australia, 2 May 2019 - 24 May 2019; Journal of physics / Conference series Conference series [...] 1350, 012046 - (2019). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1350/1/012046, Laser pulse shaping is one of the key elements to generate low emittance electron beams with RF photoinjectors. Ultimately high performance can be achieved with ellipsoidal laser pulses, but 3-dimensional shaping is challenging. High beam quality can also be reached by simple transverse pulse shaping, which has demonstrated improved beam emittance compared to a transversely uniform laser in the 'pancake' photoemission regime. In this contribution we present the truncation of a Gaussian laser at a radius of approximately one sigma in the intermediate (electron bunch length directly after emission about the same as radius) photoemission regime with high acceleration gradients (up to 60 MV/m). This type of electron bunch is used e.g. at the European XFEL and FLASH free electron lasers at DESY, Hamburg site and is being investigated in detail at the Photoinjector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ). Here we present ray-tracing simulations and experimental data of a laser beamline upgrade enabling variable transverse truncation. Initial projected emittance measurements taken with help of this setup are shown, as well as supporting beam dynamics simulations. Additional simulations show the potential for substantial reduction of slice emittance at PITZ., Published by IOP Publ.20382, Bristol

A significant amount of research indicates that the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway of inflammation contributes to the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (OSCC). Although there have been promising results from studies examining the utility of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of OSCC, this strategy has been met with only variable success and these drugs are also associated with toxicities that make them inappropriate for some OSCC patients. Improved inflammation-targeting therapies require continued study of the mechanisms linking inflammation and progression of OSCC. In this review, a synopsis of OSCC biology will be provided, and recent insights into inflammation related mechanisms of OSCC pathobiology will be discussed. The roles of prostaglandin E2 and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) will be presented, and evidence for their interactions in OSCC will be explored. Through continued investigation into the protumourigenic pathways of OSCC, more treatment modalities targeting inflammation-related pathways can be designed with the hope of slowing tumour progression and improving patient prognosis in patients with this aggressive form of cancer.

Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly invasive form of cancer in cats. In human OSCC, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) contributes to inflammation and tumor invasiveness. CD147 is a potential therapeutic target, but the expression of CD147 in feline OSCC has not been examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine if cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and CD147 expression in feline OSCC biopsies was coordinated. Tumor cells were more likely to express COX-2 (22/43 cases or 51%) compared to stroma (8/43 or 19%) and adjacent oral epithelium (9/31 cases or 29%) (p &lt, 0.05). CD147 was also more likely to occur in tumor cells compared to stroma and adjacent mucosa, with 21/43 (49%) of cases having &gt, 50% tumor cells with mild or moderate CD147 expression, compared to 9/28 (32%) in adjacent epithelium and only 5/43 (12%) in adjacent stroma (p &lt, 0.05). In feline OSCC cell lines (SCCF1, SCCF2, and SCCF3), CD147 gene expression was more consistently expressed compared to COX-2, which was 60-fold higher in SCCF2 cells compared to SCCF1 cells (p &lt, 0.05). CD147 expression did not correlate with COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion, indicating that they may be independently regulated. CD147 potentially represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of feline OSCC and further study of CD147 is warranted.

The spread of urbanization increases water demand to satisfy both domestic and industrial aspects. In return, large volumes of wastewater will accumulate. Careful environmental studies before major urbanization projects are very important to minimize hazards due to environmental threats. The southeastern part of Cairo is one of these examples, as large amounts of wastewater were accumulated and leaked down to the ponds of Ain Al Sira, causing degradation to one of the oldest therapeutic and skin curing locations.

Background: Thalassemia major is a prevalent hereditary disease in Mediterranean region, so that the assessment of quality of life, especially in those with chronic illnesses such as thalassemia is particularly important. Objectives: To assess thalassemic adolescents' quality of life through it domain of school functioning. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative study was carried out in order to a achieve the stated objectives. The study begin of November 1st, 2011 to July 15th, 2012, A non-probability purposive (presentative) sample of Seventy (70) patients who seeking a medical care at thalassemia center in Al-Zahra teaching Hospital which included. information was collected through the use of questionnaire designed and consists of three parts, part included sociodemographic characteristics and contain (4) paragraphs and part included clinical characteristics and complications, consisting of (5) vertebrae. Conclusion The study concluded that common thalassemia disease occurrence in people living in urban areas those of the inhabitants of rural areas. And thalassemia disease often occurs in men more than women. Study also confirmed that thalassemia affects heavily on the educational level of the individuals. The study also showed decline in the overall evaluation of the quality of life of patients. Recommendations The study recommends to provide psychologist in the hematological units and out patient clinics is a must be present to help in providing a link between patients, school officials, the families, and the physicians and health oriented mass media should be employed for providing the population with a comprehensive information about the thalassemia.