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The electrochemical reduction of a series of nitro-substituted benzenesulfonyl chlorides is investigated. The results of the electrochemical study are analysed with the assistance of theoretical calculations. The study shows that the electron transfer mechanism depends on the position of the nitro substituent on the phenyl ring. The 3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride follows a stepwise mechanism where the reduction leads to an intermediate radical anion. For the 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, and 2,4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, the reduction follows a "sticky" dissociative mechanism, where the electron transfer and S–Cl bond cleavage are concerted. The dissociation products (arylsulfinyl radical and chloride anion) show strong interactions. The difference in behaviour is associated with the overlap of the π* orbital and the S–Cl σ* orbital for the latter three compounds. The through resonance stability of the arylsulfinyl radicals for the para and ortho nitro-substituted compounds facilitates the dissociation of the reduced structures. Upon reduction, the 3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, also produce the corresponding diaryl disulfones, which are easier to reduce that the parent molecules and hence induce an interesting autocatalytic mechanism. Such a mechanism, which depends on the concentration and the scan rate, does not take place with the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride and 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride due to the sterical hindrance of the nitro substituent at the ortho position, as it prevents the formation of the disulfones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent infections in humans, it can cause gastrointestinal (GI) problems such as simple gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. It may pose an issue as opportunistic infections in specific situations, such as immunodeficiency and underlying illnesses. One of the underlying disorders caused by H. pylori is diabetes mellitus. Treating the H. pylori infection is essential since diabetic people have GI issues. There are conflicting and erratic reports on Helicobacter pylori infection in diabetics. We aimed to reveal the severity of complications of H. pylori among diabetic and nondiabetic patients and to identify the potential risk factors of H. pylori among diabetic. Methods: This case control study was carried out at Internal Medicine Department and Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. Subjects were divided into group (1): 27 patients with DM and group (2): 27 non-diabetic individual's age and sex matched as control. Results: The severity of H. pylori gastritis was insignificantly different between the studied groups. Conclusion: Our results do not support an association between severity of H. pylori infection and diabetes mellitus. This is confirmed by the lack of difference between diabetics and nondiabetics regarding the severity of H.pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer in patients with large breasts has attained high popularity. It achieves both safe oncological and good cosmetic outcomes. This study aims to compare the outcomes of therapeutic reduction mammoplasty in medium-sized to large-breasted females with breast cancer using inverted T scar versus the vertical scar technique. Patients and methods: Fifty women with medium-sized to large-sized breasts who were candidates for breast conservation underwent reduction mammoplasty with either inverted T scar (group A) or vertical scar (group B). Patients with central breast cancer and those with inability to obtain free margins were excluded from the study. Surgical outcomes, oncologic safety, and cosmetic results were compared between both techniques. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age and weight (P>0.05). Most of the cases had a mass in the upper outer quadrant (60%). On follow-up, wound dehiscence occurred more in the inverted t group (16%). It was 8% in the vertical scar group. The cosmetic outcomes were assessed in the inverted t versus vertical scar mammoplasty groups, showing excellent results in 15 (60%) cases versus 16 (64%) patients, respectively. In a median follow-up of 24 months, no cases showed local recurrence. Conclusion: Application of therapeutic reduction mammoplasty in the treatment of breast cancer in medium-sized and largebreasted females is oncologically safe with good aesthetic outcome. Inverted T and vertical scar techniques have comparable outcomes. They have nearly equal satisfactory cosmetic results with less postoperative morbidity in the vertical scar technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thoraco- Dorsal Artery Perforator (TDAP) flap is one of the volume replacement techniques that solved the dilemma of breast reconstruction in small- to moderate-sized breasts with good aesthetic outcome. Intra-operative direct exploration of the perforators of Thoraco-Dorsal Artery during flap harvest is a tedious process with significant impact on the operative time. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of preoperative duplex mapping of the perforators of the Thoraco- Dorsal Artery (TDAP) in providing oncoplastic surgeons with reliable data for flap harvest and its impact on the operative time,flap harvest time and perioperative complications. Patient and Methods: Thirty one patients that were operated by TDAP flap for breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients in the period from October 2016 to June 2021. . Those Patients were divided into two groups; first group (N=15) patients with preoperative Duplex mapping, and second group (N=16) without mapping. Results: Preoperative duplex perforator mapping significantly reduced the total operative time and flap harvest time (P= 0.0001). This technique did not affect the perioperative complications rate. Conclusion: Preoperative duplex perforator mapping of Thoraco-Dorsal Artery Perforator (TDAP) flap decreases the operative time significantly. We recommend preoperative coloured doppler ultrasound mapping as a useful tool in planning of TDAP flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The lack of objective documentation of pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) tumour margins is a major constraint in performing safe breast conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with breast cancer. Using a novel method of marking pre-NACT tumour margins with indigenous silver wire markers, this retrospective observational study attempted to assess the feasibility of safe BCS in breast cancer patients by performing excision wide of the marked pre-NACT margins. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on breast cancer patients who were attending our oncology centre between May, 2015 and April, 2022. All patients had received NAC followed by surgery as recommended by our multidisciplinary team. All the patients had a primary operable solitary breast cancer. We used radiopaque metallic rods made from silver to localize tumour margins prior to NAC. Results: Sixty-four breast cancer patients were included; none had marker-related complications. Following NAC, BCS could be easily performed in 60 patients guided by the silver markers, which were used as temporary implants and removed during surgery. Only 2 patients were seen with positive margins and were converted to mastectomy. Conclusion: Breast cancer localization using sterile silver markers before the initiation of NAC is safe, easy, inexpensive, and effective, causing no morbidity or significant pain to the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical reduction of p-methyl-, p-methoxy-, and 3,5-dinitrophenyl thiocyanates, p-methyl- and p-methoxyphenyl disulfides were investigated in the acetronitrile at an inert electrode. The series of compounds revealed a striking change in the reduction cleavage mechanism of the S-CN bond in thiocyanates as a function of the substituent on the aryl ring in the aryl thiocyanate.

Background: Silent information regulator 1 [sirt1] is a protein that is widely expressed and has a crucial function in the prevention of oxidative stress, which is implicated in the development of a number of chronic disorders, such as fatty liver disease. Objective: The aim of the current work was to investigate SIRT1 gene expression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and it is emerging role in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Subjects and Methods: This case-control study included a total of twenty cases of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; NAFLD (Group A) and ten individuals as a control (Group B), attending at Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Zagazig University Hospitals. They were assessed clinically by lab investigations and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess Sirt1 gene fold expression. Results: There was a significant lowering of sirt1 gene expression p=0.0001 for patient with NAFLD compared to healthy controls. There was significant association between SIRT1 and BMI, as well as hyperlipidemia in NAFLD compared to healthy group. We found a significant association between SIRT1 and NAFLD patients with mild fibrosis and those without fibrosis. Cut off value ≤0.61 had 80.0% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity, positive predictive value 57.0%, negative predictive value 92.0% and accuracy was 80.0%. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the significant correlation between SIRT1 gene expression and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease helps to differentiate patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and healthy ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of spray with blue green algae extract on the yield of some curly parsley varieties was investigated. The experiment was carried out during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons at North Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates. Foliar spray with three aqueous dilutions of Spirulina platensis extract (0, 5, and 10 ml/liter water) was assigned in the main plots whereas, sub-plots were devoted to the cultivation of three curly parsley varieties (Bravour, Xenon, and Moskrul 2-Petra). Results showed that foliar spray of algae extracts significantly improved herb fresh and dry weights per feddan, chlorophyll content, volatile oil percent, oil yield, and the concentration of 10 ml/liter gave maximum values in this concern. Bravour and Xenon varieties yielded the heaviest herb fresh and dry weights per feddan with non-significant differences in between, while Petra was the lowest. Xenon variety had the significantly maximum oil percent and oil yield. Data of chlorophyll contents within varieties were non-significant. Cultivation of Xenon variety combined with a spray of algae extract at 10 ml/liter was promising for cutting the highest foliage yield with intense flavor and color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to investigate important aspects of the electrochemical reduction of a series of substituted benzyl thiocyanates. A striking change in the reductive cleavage mechanism as a function of the substituent on the aryl ring of the benzyl thiocyanate was observed and a regioselective bond cleavage was also encountered.

Aim: This paper aimed to assess and follow up the course of resolved HBV (hepatitis B virus) during and after treatment with directacting antiviral drugs (DAAs). Background: Co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C is increasingly recognized in patients with chronic hepatitis. Resolved HBV in patients with chronic HCV (hepatitis C virus) infection has been investigated during interferon therapy, and the investigators suggest a possible correlation with a lower response to anti-viral treatment, higher grades of liver histological changes, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Three hundred and thirteen patients were included in our observational and prospective study; two hundred and fifty-three patients had chronic hepatitis C (CHC) (group I), and sixty patients had both CHC and resolved HBV-infection (group II). They all were eligible for treatment with DAAs therapy for chronic HCV in our hepatology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig University Hospitals from December 2017 to September 2018. They were subjected to thorough history taking, full clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, HCV antibody, HCV RNA, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) HBV core antibody (anti-HBc), and HBV-DNA quantitative levels. All patients were followed up at baseline, at the end of week 4 of anti-viral therapy, at the end of treatment and 12 weeks after treatment. Results: Assessment at 28 days showed significant decreases in ALT and AST levels in both groups, with stabilization of these levels on follow-up at 12 and 24 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was comparable in both groups. No case of ALT flare was observed in either group. Similar outcomes regarding AST and ALT levels were found in patients with diseases associated with immune derangement. Conclusion: The risk of resolved HBV reactivation during or after treatment with DAAs is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]