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Development of G0 potato seeds in medium altitude with high temperatures has been constrained high temperatures, which inhibited plant growth and development, especially for tuber formation. The production of G0 potato seeds in the high-temperature area can be increased by the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and paclobutrazol (PBZ). The study aimed to identify the effect of different doses of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application on the plant growth and yield of first-generation potato seeds (G0) in medium land. The Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors was used in this experiment. The first factor was the dose of N-fertilizer (n 1 = 60, n 2 = 120, and n 3 = 180 kg/ha) and the second factor was the frequency of PBZ application (p 1 = 1, p 2 = 2, and p 3 = 3 times), applied starting at 40 DAP and repeated every 10 days with a concentration of 100 ppm. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the dose of N-fertilizer and the frequency of PBZ application on plant dry weight. The 120 kg/ha of N-fertilizer-treated plants exhibited the highest plant height and the number of stolons per plant, whereas three times PBZ application treated plant exhibited the higher tuber growth rate, the number, and weight of tuber per plant with the value of number and weight of tuber per plant of 9.26 and 83.97 g, respectively. It can be concluded that N-fertilizer increased plant growth, whereas PBZ increased G0 potato seeds in the medium land altitude with high temperature.

Indonesia is a significant producer of shallots, and the country frequently cultivates three distinct varieties: Bima, Trisula, and Sumenep. Each cultivar exhibits distinct characteristics, specifically when grown under suboptimal conditions. Several studies showed that insufficient watering intervals (WIs) can lead to drought stress, while excessive levels often lead to inundation. To investigate the effects of cultivar and WI on shallot growth and quality, this study employed a split-plot design with main plots and subplots with four repetitions. The main plots consisted of cultivars (Bima, Trisula, and Sumenep), while the subplots comprised WIs (once in 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days). The results showed that there was an effect of interaction between cultivars and WIs on growth (proline [126.15 mg 100 g−1]) and quality (quercetin [3.8739 mg g−1], rutin [0.2080 mg g−1], and kaempferol [1.209 mg g−1]). However, there was no effect on the number of tillers, shoot/root ratio, water content, number of tubers, tuber weight, and total flavonoid.

Potato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. In a tropical country such as Indonesia, potato is cultivated in highland that has low temperature. However, the extensification and intensification of potato cultivation cause environmental problems in the highland. Soil erosion is one of the common problems resulting from potato cultivation that applies heavy tillage. To prevent environmental problems, the land expansion for potato cultivation is carried out in both the medium and lowland. High temperature in both medium and lowland results in the limitation of plant growth and yield. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely paclobutrazol and benzylaminopurine (BAP) application on the growth and yield of potatoes grown under high temperature in both lowland and medium land. A split-plot design was used in this experiment with the main plot as growing altitude, i.e., low and medium land, and the PGR treatments as the subplot, i.e., control, paclobutrazol at 100 mg L−1, BAP at 50 mg L−1, and a combination of paclobutrazol at 100 mg L−1 and BAP at 100 mg L−1. The result showed a reduction in plant growth and yield in potatoes grown in lowland compared to those in medium land. The application of paclobutrazol and BAP improved the number, the weight of tuber, and its starch content. The result indicated that the application of paclobutrazol and BAP could be used to solve an environmental limitation for potato cultivation in both lowland and medium land.

The primary challenge encountered by marketers of green chili peppers is the rapid post-harvest deterioration. The application of pre- and post-harvest moringa leaf extract (MLE) is an effective approach to preserving the quality of fruits after being harvested. This study aimed to assess the effect of MLE application at pre- and post-harvest periods on physical and chemical properties of green chili during storage. For this purpose, a completely randomized design was arranged with nine replications. Pre-harvest MLE (seed soaking + foliar spraying with MLE) treatment showed a similar response to the control. Meanwhile, post-harvest MLE application on fruit by dipping method had better results on L*, a*, weight loss, firmness, and vitamin C after 7 d of storage compared to the control. These results suggested that post-harvest MLE application was more effective in prolonging the self-life of green chili, particularly in maintaining the physical attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of 'Ratuni UNPAD' cayenne pepper can be increased using organic chicken manure. However, the application of ethephon is needed during fertilization due to the significantly slow flower initiation. Therefore, this study aims to determine the interaction between chicken manure and ethephon on the growth, yield, and quality of the 'Ratuni UNPAD' cayenne pepper. Planting is carried out 829 meters above sea level (masl), and a factorial randomized block experimental design comprises 2 factors with 3 replications. The first factor is the dose of chicken manure (10, 20, 30, and 40 t/ha), while the second is the ethephon concentration (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm). The results showed no interaction between poultry manure and ethephon on the growth, yield, and quality of the 'Ratuni UNPAD' cayenne pepper. According to the doses of chicken manure, 40 t/ha significantly affects the flower initiation, fruit number, weight, length, and diameter, as well as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. The 30 t/ha shows the highest value for the number of leaves and productive branches, while 20 tons dose/ha influences flavonoids, phenolics, and total carotenoids. The ethephon concentration of 1500 ppm significantly affects the flower initiation, fruit length, diameter, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supply of potato seeds in Indonesia is still constrained by limited seed production. The limiting factor for potato seed production is the low soil pH. Soils in Indonesia have a low pH so that the P -available in the soil is relatively low. The intensive use of chemical fertilizers, especially element P, can have an impact on the condition of the soil. Inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria to the soil is known to increase the availability of P. This study was to evaluate the effect of Agrobacterium fabrum phosphate solubilizing bacteria on plant growth, P -available and yield of G3 potatoes. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design consisting of four treatments A. fabrum in a carrier at doses i.e., controlwithout A. fabrum, 50 kg ha-1 (12.5 × 1013 CFU A. fabrum ha-1), 100 kg ha-1 (25 × 1013 CFU A. fabrum ha-1) and 150 kg ha-1 (37.5 × 1013 CFU A. fabrum ha-1) and was repeated six times. The parameters responses were average plant height, average number of leaves, P-available, number of Bulbs per plant, weight of Bulbs per plant, and Bulbs Weight per plot. The results showed that the application doses of A. fabrum affected the number of bulbs per plant, bulbs weight per plant, bulbs weight per piece and P -available. The application doses of A. fabrum at 50 kg ha-1 -150 kg ha-1 gave higher yield of G3 potato seeds than control, ranging from 87-131% tons ha-1. The dose of A. fabrum at 150 ka ha-1 increased P-available by 91.53% compared to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry (Fragraria x ananassa Duch) cv. Tochiotome is nutrient rich. However, it has a short shelf life, especially at room temperature. Coating is one of the methods used to prolong fruit shelf life. Coating materials, such as nano chitosan (NC) and Aloe vera (AV) gel, are edible and safe to consume. The objective was to analyze the interaction between AV gel and NC concentrations and determine the optimal concentration to improve the quality of strawberries at room temperature. This experiment used a factorial randomized block design with treatments of NC (0, 0.5, and 1%) and AV gel (0, 25, and 50%). The results showed an interaction between AV gel and NC concentrations for all variables. The optimum concentrations to improve the fruit quality of strawberries cv. Tochiotome were 25% AV gel with 1% NC, which increased the value by more than twofold compared with the control (no AV gel and NC) until four days after storage. The fruit quality characteristics were fruit hardness (6.57 N), weight loss (1.23%), titratable acidity (0.74 mL), total phenolic (1.79 µg GAE/FW), total flavonoid (29.85 mg QE/g), vitamin C concentration (43.83 mg/100 g), and shelf life (4.66 days). More than 1% NC may enhance quality. In conclusion, AV and NC are a potential treatment for improving the postharvest quality of strawberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This work assessed the physiological properties of dark-colored caladium (dark green, pinkish-dark green, dark maroon, maroon, and green lime) and light-colored caladium (yellow, white, young pinkish green, pink, and red). • A higher rate of photosynthesis was positively correlated to the higher stomatal conductance and lower RGB in the dark-colored caladium group rather than the light-colored ones. • The main characteristics of the group of light-colored leaves were a high RGB, LUE, and leaf temperature. This work aims to analyze the physiological characteristics of caladium ornamental plants with different leaf colors. Ten leaf colors, i.e., dark maroon, maroon, red, pink, white, pinkish young green, yellow, lime green, pinkish dark green, and dark green, were arranged in a completely randomized design and subjected to colorimetric red–green–blue (RGB) and portable photosynthesis measurement. Caladium leaf color, defined by the colorimetric RGB value, significantly impacted leaf physiological properties. Heatmap analysis apparently clustered caladiums into dark-colored group and light-colored ones. Dark-colored caladiums, as indicated by lower RGB values, exhibited higher photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency (WUE). In contrast, light-colored caladium show a higher RGB, leaf temperature and light use efficiency (LUE) than the dark ones. By considering their leaf color-based physiological adaptability, this work recommends moderate sunlight and adequate water conditions for growing light-colored caladiums, while dark caladiums potentially tolerate excess light and water scarcity. Further research, including quantitative pigment analysis, is necessary to verify this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]