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Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare primary cutaneous lymphoma which often be very complexed to be diagnosed. Here we reported a case of a 38-year-old lady with wax and wane course of left facial swelling associated with prolonged pyrexia of unknown origin, lethargy and prominent weight loss. Multiple investigations were conducted to reach to the conclusive diagnosis. Histopathological showed infiltration of neoplastic lymphoid cells within the adipocyte clusters with hyperchromatic nuclei, small nucleoli and scant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical analysis were immunoreactive to CD3, CD8 & TIA and negative to CD20, CD4 & CD56. Based on clinical findings, histopathology report and immunohistochemical analysis, the patient diagnosed with SPTCL. Hence, any suspicious maxillofacial swelling without obvious sign of infection and trauma shall be investigated until a final diagnosis is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In recent years, the proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platforms on a global scale has been remarkable. Learners can now meet their learning demands with the help of MOOC. However, learners might not understand the course material well if they have access to a lot of information due to their inadequate expertise and cognitive ability. Personalized Recommender Systems (RSs), a cutting-edge technology, can assist in addressing this issue. It greatly increases resource acquisition through personalized availability for various people of all ages. Intelligent learning methods, such as machine learning and Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be used in RS challenges. However, machine learning needs supervised data and classical RL is not suitable for multi-task recommendations in online learning platforms. To address these challenges, the proposed framework integrates a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and multi-agent approach. This adaptive system personalizes the learning experience by considering key factors such as learner sentiments, learning style, preferences, competency, and adaptive difficulty levels. We formulate the interactive RS problem using a DRL-based Actor-Critic model named DRR, treating recommendations as a sequential decision-making process. The DRR enables the system to provide top-N course recommendations and personalized learning paths, enriching the student's experience. Extensive experiments on a MOOC dataset such as the 100 K Coursera course review validate the proposed DRR model, demonstrating its superiority over baseline models in major evaluation metrics for long-term recommendations. The outcomes of this research contribute to the field of e-learning technology, guiding the design and implementation of course RSs, to facilitate personalized and relevant recommendations for online learning students.

In environmental infrastructure projects, decision-making can be complex and challenging because of the inherent trade-offs between environmental, economic, and social considerations. During urban development, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) site selection is one of the most critical parts of environmental infrastructure. Choosing suitable sites for constructing a WWTP is based on various variables and limits. In the modeling phase of this study, ten criteria were developed from three main criteria to evaluate sites suitable for WWTPs. These criteria were slope, soil type, and proximity from rivers, roads, agricultural lands, railways, oil fields, groundwater, outfall, and residential areas. These parameters and their respective weights were determined based on a literature review, expert knowledge, field observation, and geophysical investigation. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, which integrates AHP and fuzzy logic, was used as a multicriteria decision-making, and fuzzy membership functions were performed to determine the criteria weights used with geographical information systems to select all available sites for the WWTP for the center of the Basrah province. The study concludes that the old Hamdan WWTP was located in an unsuitable area. In light of the rapid population growth in Basrah center in recent years, it may be proposed that a new WWTP be built in a new location that meets environmental, economic, and social criteria. This study reveals that 138.52 km2 (or 9.98% of the total land area) is appropriate for constructing the new WWTP.

Abstract Background Deep neck space infections are uncommon in infants. Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is a deep space neck infection that can present with subtle signs and symptoms. Delay in diagnosis can lead to life-threatening complications. Here we describe life-threatening complication of retropharyngeal abscess. Case presentation We report a life-threatening complication of retropharyngeal abscess in 10-month old Asian infant weighing 8.2 kg. The patient presented with fever, right-sided neck swelling, hoarseness of voice, and respiratory distress. The clinical and radiological findings were suggestive of airway obstruction complicated by retropharyngeal abscess. The patient was urgently taken to the operating room and underwent (grade 3) intubation. After stabilization, the patient underwent endoscopic trans-oral incision and drainage, during which 5 cc pus was aspirated. Antibiotics were prescribed for 2 weeks following the procedure based on the sensitivity result of the pus culture. Conclusion In retropharyngeal abscess, a delay in diagnosis can result in life-threatening complications. This report highlights the importance of prompt recognition of a threatened airway and the management of retropharyngeal abscess by emergency physicians. If an emergency physician suspects RPA with airway obstructions, the airway should be immediately secured in a secure environment by otolaryngologist and an anesthesiologist.

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are a major threat worldwide, and public consultation on these diseases is critical to disease control decision-making. However, traditional public surveys are time-consuming and labor-intensive and do not allow for timely decision-making. Recent studies have explored text analytic approaches to elicit public comments from social media for public health. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate a text analytics pipeline to identify the MBD topics that were discussed on Twitter and significantly influenced public opinion. A total of 25,000 tweets were retrieved from Twitter, topics were modelled using LDA and sentiment polarities were calculated using the VADER model. After data cleaning, we obtained a total of 6,243 tweets, which we were able to process with the feature selection algorithms. Boruta was used as a feature selection algorithm to determine the importance of topics to public opinion. The result was validated using multinomial logistic regression (MLR) performance and expert judgement. Important issues such as breeding sites, mosquito control, impact/funding, time of year, other diseases with similar symptoms, mosquito-human interaction and biomarkers for diagnosis were identified by both LDA and experts. The MLR result shows that the topics selected by LASSO perform significantly better than the other algorithms, and the experts further justify the topics in the discussion.

The hydrodynamic model is essential for building a water quality model for rivers, lakes, estuaries, and other water systems. Most model software, such as HEC-RAS, can perform a complex hydrodynamic surface water body and limitations to represent water quality for the corresponding area. In contrast, other models, like WASP, can simulate a wide range of contaminants in a multidimensional geometry of rivers, estuaries, lakes, and reservoirs. Still, it requires flow information from separate hydrodynamic models. This article aims to develop a comprehensive water quality model of the Shatt Al Arab River south of Iraq by linking HEC-RAS with WASP. A variety of software techniques has sequentially been used. This software includes GIS for DEM modification, HEC-RAS for the hydrodynamic model, Python code with PyCharm to run the external coupler, WASP software for advective and dispersive contaminant transport, and finally, WRDB software for full calibration process and results display. The results showed successful transportation of flow information had been achieved. Moreover, the article described an effective calibration process by plotting comparison graphs and statistical summaries to make the appropriate decision. Another goal of this work is to collect the equations and associated reaction rates of source/sink kinetic for eutrophication’s state variables.

Measurement(s) supervised machine learning Technology Type(s) Camera Device Sample Characteristic - Organism Diptera sp. NZAC 03009335

Measurement(s) recognition system with machine/deep learning Technology Type(s) Camera Device Sample Characteristic - Organism Aedes aegypti • Aedes albopictus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as an unforeseen challenge for head and neck cancer care providers. A similar challenge is also faced by other oncological fields, but the severity of this challenge is highest in otolaryngology because of the need for additional precautionary measures and curbs on the possibility of aerosol forming interventions related to the upper aerodigestive tract. In this narrative review, provision of ethical and consistent care on moral and professional grounds to head and neck cancer patients during the pandemic are discussed for professionals who provide head and neck oncology care.

Abstract Background Although Guiera senegalensis is used as a dewormer in ethnoveterinary health care in Nigeria, its anthelmintic potential has not been validated. Hence, this work investigated the in vitro anthelmintic potential of G. senegalensis extracts on two Caenorhabditis elegans strains: Bristol N2 (wild type/ivermectin susceptible) and DA1316 (ivermectin resistant). Results Aqueous and methanol extracts of G. senegalensis were tested against the motility of the L4 larvae at two exposure periods of 24 and 48 h and found to be active against the C. elegans strains. Motility of C. elegans DA1316 was reduced to 18.6% and 8.3% by aqueous and methanol extracts, respectively, at 2.0 mg/ml after 48 h, whereas that of C. elegans DA1316 treated with ivermectin (0.02 µg/ml) remained above 95%. The motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 was reduced to 16.6% and 7.2% by aqueous and methanol extracts, respectively, at 2.0 mg/ml after 48 h and ≤ 2.7% by ivermectin (0.02 µg/ml). Activity of the plant extracts was concentration and time dependent. Conclusions This work confirms the anthelmintic activity of G. senegalensis and its effectiveness against ivermectin-resistant nematodes, thus validating its ethnoveterinary use as an animal dewormer in Nigeria and pharmacological potential as a source of anthelmintic compounds against ivermectin-resistant nematodes. There is, however, the need for in vivo studies to confirm the in vitro efficacy of the extracts.

In this study, the analysis was carried out concerning previous changes in land use/land cover (LULC) for 2 years, 2000 and 2020, and their impact on water resources in the Diyala River Watershed in Iraq was assessed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a hydrological model used to perform the hydrological modeling process for LULC maps. The data for LULC were collected using the Landsat satellite with a resolution of 30 m, and it was classified using geographical information systems (ArcGIS). Using the confusion matrix, the accuracy of the maps for the years 2000 and 2020 was evaluated, the overall accuracy was more than 90%, and the kappa coefficient (ka) was more than 88%, which indicates the accuracy of the classification and is ideal for use in modeling work. SUFI-2 included with the SWATCUP program was used to perform the calibration and the results were validated for the outflow of the two gauging stations within the study area of Hemren station and Derbendikhan station as a monthly time step for a baseline map LULC 2000, in the period 1996–2020 with 4 years as warm up. Coefficient of determination (R 2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (Pbias) were used, which were the most common indicators for evaluating the performance of the statistical model. The results indicated that the values of R 2 during the calibration and validation processes were (0.84–0.88) and (0.85–0.87), respectively; the NSE was (0.87–0.85), and the Pbias was (4.2–6.8)% and (5.8 to −4.1)%, respectively. Therefore, the calibration and verification results were good and satisfactory. In addition to the two LULC maps for 2000 and 2020, the parameters of the modified SWAT model were utilized to estimate the effects on the Diyala River Basin. The study found that LULC change affects basins and sub-basins differently. At the basin, hydrological parameters were largely unaffected by LULC changes. However, at the sub-basin level, the water yield and the surface runoff were changed between (−6.45 to 4.67)% and (−2.9 to 9.88)%, respectively.

Introduction Management of the thyroid gland during laryngectomy has been controversial. The primary tumor may invade the thyroid gland by direct invasion or lymphovascular spread. Hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism are potential risks when lobectomy or total thyroidectomy are performed simultaneously. Objective To report the frequency of thyroid gland involvement by primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in patients undergoing laryngectomy and to identify possible risk factors for thyroid gland involvement so that judicious excision of thyroid gland can be attained. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 9 years. Data was collected from medical records of patients dated from December 2009 to October 2018. All patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent laryngectomy with lobectomy or total thyroidectomy were included in the present study. Results We reviewed 151 laryngectomy records. A total of 130 surgeries included the thyroid gland with the excised specimen and were available for analysis. There were 124 males and 6 females. The mean age was 59.4 years old. The glottis was the most common subsite involved, in 70 patients, followed by 38 transglottic, 16 supraglottic and 03 subglottic tumors. On histology, 12 out of 130 excised thyroid glands were involved by squamous cell carcinoma. Only subglottic involvement (p = 0.01) was significantly associated with thyroid gland invasion (TGI). Type of laryngectomy, subsite of the primary tumor, thyroid cartilage involvement, neck nodal metastases, and perineural and lymphatic invasion by the primary tumor were not associated with TGI. Conclusion Only subglottic involvement is associated with TGI; therefore, preoperative and intraoperative assessment is necessary prior to considering excision of the thyroid gland.

A new Getah virus (GETV) strain, B254, was isolated from Culex fuscocephalus mosquitoes captured at Mount Ophir, Malaysia, in 2012. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that GETV B254 is distinct from the old Malaysia GETV MM2021 strain but closely related to group IV GETV from Russia (LEIV16275Mag), China (YN12031), and Thailand (GETV/SW/Thailand/2017).

Abstract Classification of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) by humans remains challenging. We proposed a highly accessible method to develop a deep learning (DL) model and implement the model for mosquito image classification by using hardware that could regulate the development process. In particular, we constructed a dataset with 4120 images of Aedes mosquitoes that were older than 12 days old and had common morphological features that disappeared, and we illustrated how to set up supervised deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) with hyperparameter adjustment. The model application was first conducted by deploying the model externally in real time on three different generations of mosquitoes, and the accuracy was compared with human expert performance. Our results showed that both the learning rate and epochs significantly affected the accuracy, and the best-performing hyperparameters achieved an accuracy of more than 98% at classifying mosquitoes, which showed no significant difference from human-level performance. We demonstrated the feasibility of the method to construct a model with the DCNN when deployed externally on mosquitoes in real time.

We aim to investigate the effect of large-scale human movement restrictions during the COVID-19 lockdown on both the dengue transmission and vector occurrences. This study compared the weekly dengue incidences during the period of lockdown to the previous years (2015 to 2019) and a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model that expected no movement restrictions. We found that the trend of dengue incidence during the first two weeks (stage 1) of lockdown decreased significantly with the incidences lower than the lower confidence level (LCL) of SARIMA. By comparing the magnitude of the gradient of decrease, the trend is 319% steeper than the trend observed in previous years and 650% steeper than the simulated model, indicating that the control of population movement did reduce dengue transmission. However, starting from stage 2 of lockdown, the dengue incidences demonstrated an elevation and earlier rebound by four weeks and grew with an exponential pattern. We revealed that Aedes albopictus is the predominant species and demonstrated a strong correlation with the locally reported dengue incidences, and therefore we proposed the possible diffusive effect of the vector that led to a higher acceleration of incidence rate.

Humanity has faced several foes over the centuries, a formidable one amongst them is the current pandemic of COVID-19. The symptoms of COVID-19 are more or less related to the nose and throat. Therefore, patients more often present to Ear Nose Throat (ENT) clinics with symptoms including cough, sore throat, fever and shortness of breath. In the management of head and neck pathologies, as the airway is a direct source of infection, the impact of COVID-19 holds special significance. This review has attempted to explain the various aspects of the disease itself, its diagnosis, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to provide an overview of the evolving recommendations in head and neck patients, the future outlook and the limitations faced in developing countries specifically for ENT patients.

Ewing Sarcoma of the head and neck region is an extremely rare entity. Treatment usually involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in varying sequences. We present the third case to date of Ewing sarcoma of the larynx in a paediatric population. A 5-year-old boy presented to emergency room with acute respiratory distress. Computerized tomography scan showed a mass in the supraglottis; he was intubated using videolaryngoscope and tracheostomy was avoided, mass was removed by cold dissection. Final histopathologic examination revealed Ewing sarcoma. Further workup showed no systemic metastasis. Patient was advised adjuvant therapy which the family refused. Currently he is doing fine on 2 years of follow-up.

Introduction The routine practice of neck dissection in the surgical management of oral carcinoma has evolved into a more functionally conservative approach. Over time, the rationale for removal of the submandibular gland has been questioned. Routine extirpation of the submandibular gland can aggravate the xerostomia experienced by many patients, significantly affecting their quality of life. Objective The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of submandibular gland metastases in oral cavity carcinoma and to identify possible factors that may affect their involvement. Methods A total of 149 cases of oral carcinoma presenting at a private tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, over the course of 1 year were reviewed retrospectively. Results Histopathological data showed that the submandibular gland was involved in 7 (4.7%) cases. Involvement of level I lymph nodes was found in all of the cases. Direct extension of primary tumor was noted in two cases when the primary tumor was in the floor of the mouth. Conclusion The results suggest that preservation of the submandibular gland during neck dissection for oral carcinoma can be practiced safely when there is no evidence of direct extension of the primary tumor toward the submandibular gland or when there is no clinical or radiological evidence of neck disease in level I. Presence of pathological lymph nodes in level I requires caution when contemplating preservation of the submandibular gland.

This work tested the efficacy of crude methanol and aqueous extracts from the stem bark of Detarium microcarpum and the effect of combined extract and ivermectin in vitro against the motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 and C. elegans DA1316 L4 larvae. Series of concentrations (0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/ml) of aqueous and methanolic extracts of D. microcarpum was used for the test. Counting of the motile larvae was carried out after 24 hours and 48 hours. A further test was carried out using a combination of plant extract and ivermectin. Both the aqueous and the methanolic extracts exhibited good anthelmintic activity in the inhibition of larval motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 as well of C. elegans DA1316 with a significant difference at P < 0.05 when compared to the negative control. However, a significant difference occurred between treatment with aqueous and methanolic extract at P < 0.05. The performance of the extracts was concentration and time-dependent. A combination of plant extract and ivermectin prove more potent than the pure extract against both strains of C. elegans. These extracts may be used to control parasitic nematodes including ivermectin resistant type. Treatment using combined plant anthelmintic and synthetic drugs should be encouraged as the combination was more promising. Further studies should be carried on the identification of active compounds in the extracts and studying the mode of action of the drugs on the nematodes and in vivo tests of the extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4488096

Introduction Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS) is one of the six diagnostic categories of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. The prevalence of malignancy among Bethesda category III cytology is variable, ranging from 5% to 37% in the literature. Objective To determine the rate of malignancy in thyroid nodules reported as Bethesda category III. Methods A total of 495 patients underwent surgical intervention for thyroid nodules from January 2015 to December 2017. The present study included 81 cases reported as Bethesda category III, and their medical records were reviewed. Results Out of 495 fine-needle aspiration cytology samples, 81 (16.4%) samples were labeled as AUS/FLUS. Among these 81 patients, the mean age was 43.0 years (± 13.9), with only 11 (14%) patients older than 55 years of age. Most of our patients were female (n = 69; 85.2%), and the rest were male. The rate of malignancy based on the final histology was of 33.3% (n = 27). The majority were 17 cases (21%) of papillary carcinoma, followed by follicular carcinoma (n = 6) (7.4%). Conclusion The risk of malignancy can be higher than it is commonly believed, and guidelines should be based on the data from the institutions themselves for a better assessment of the outcomes.

Objective: To determine abundance, distribution and diversity of potential breeding container habitats of the dengue vectors in public places including schools, restaurants, mosques and parks in southwest areas of Penang Island, Malaysia. Methods: Premises at restaurants, schools, parks and mosques were surveyed simultaneously and inspected visually for container habitats and production of immature mosquitoes from March 2015 to March 2016. Abundance (mean ± SE) of breeding containers between sites was compared using One-way ANOVA. Independent sample t-test was used to compare total number of Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) surveyed. Results: The surveyed locations yielded a total of 3741 breeding containers and 19537 immature mosquitoes from four areas. Concurrent artificial and natural containers produced 78.4% immature Ae. albopictus and 6.3% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in wet season, with 14.2% Ae. albopictus and 1.1% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in dry season. Artificial containers accounted for 98.1% of the total containers recorded, with restaurants being the most productive locations (8012) and schools being the least productive (2234). Conclusions: It was concluded that public places are good sources of potential container habitats of Aedes mosquitoes in Penang Island, Malaysia and Ae. albopictus has exclusively replaced the home-grown Ae. aegypti even in urban areas. Therefore, treatment of artificial containers in such locations is critical in Aedes mosquito control campaigns during dengue outbreaks.

Abstract Background Dengue is a prevalent arboviral disease and the development of insecticide resistance among its vectors impedes endeavors to control it. Coffee is drunk by millions of people daily worldwide, which is associated with the discarding of large amounts of waste. Coffee and its waste contain large amounts of chemicals many of which are highly toxic and none of which have a history of resistance in mosquitoes. Once in solution, coffee is brownish in colour, resembling leaf infusion, which is highly attractive to gravid mosquitoes. To anticipate the environmental issues related to the increasing popularity of coffee as a drink, and also to combat insecticide resistance, we explored the deterrence potentials of coffee leachates against the ovipositing and embryonic stages of the dengue vector, Aedes albopictus. Methods In a series of choice, no-choice, and embryo toxicity bioassays, we examined changes in the ovipositional behaviours and larval eclosion of Ae. albopictus in response to coffee extracts at different concentrations. Results Oviposition responses were extremely low when ovicups holding highly concentrated extract (HCE) of coffee were the only oviposition sites. Gravid females retained increased numbers of mature eggs until 5 days post-blood feeding. When provided an opportunity to oviposit in cups containing coffee extracts and with water, egg deposition occurred at lower rates in those containing coffee, and HCE cups were far less attractive to females than those containing water only. Females that successfully developed in a coffee environment preferentially oviposited in such cups when in competition with preferred oviposition sites (water cups), but this trait did not continue into the fourth generation. Larval eclosion occurred at lower rates among eggs that matured in a coffee environment, especially among those that were maintained on HCE-moistened substrates. Conclusions The observations of the present study indicate a pronounced vulnerability of Ae. albopictus to the presence of coffee in its habitats during the early phases of its life cycle. The observations that coffee repels gravid females and inhibits larval eclosion provide novel possibilities in the search for novel oviposition deterrents and anti-larval eclosion agents against dengue vectors.

Aedes aegypti is a principal vector responsible for the transmission of dengue viruses (DENV). To date, vector control remains the key option for dengue disease management. To develop new vector control strategies, a more comprehensive understanding of the biological interactions between DENV and Ae. aegypti is required. In this study, a cDNA library derived from the midgut of female adult Ae. aegypti was used in yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screenings against DENV2 envelope (E) protein. Among the many interacting proteins identified, carboxypeptidase B1 (CPB1) was selected, and its biological interaction with E protein in Ae. aegypti primary midgut cells was further validated. Our double immunofluorescent assay showed that CPB1-E interaction occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the Ae. aegypti primary midgut cells. Overexpression of CPB1 in mosquito cells resulted in intracellular DENV2 genomic RNA or virus particle accumulation, with a lower amount of virus release. Therefore, we postulated that in Ae. aegypti midgut cells, CPB1 binds to the E protein deposited on the ER intraluminal membranes and inhibits DENV2 RNA encapsulation, thus inhibiting budding from the ER, and may interfere with immature virus transportation to the trans-Golgi network.

Background Data: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has become a standard and a highly successful procedure for degenerative cervical disc disease associated with radiculopathy or myelopathy. In addition to graft complication, multilevel cervical discectomy is often combined with plate fixation to maintain the spinal curvature, and increasing the graft fusion rate but this also may carry risk of complications. Study Design: Prospective descriptive clinical case study Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of standalone PEEK cages filled with bone graft substitute in treatment of multi-level cervical disc disease. Patients and Methods: Ninety one patients underwent multiple levels ACDF for a total of 239 levels. Mean follow-up was 24 months. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); cervical lordosis and cervical fusion status was assessed on X-ray. Statistical analysis was performed using a dependent t-test using SPSS V.12.0 (P

With the rise of the Internet, remote verification of identity is an increasingly important part of modern life. From online banking systems to personal data storage to software as a service, most aspects of modern life require identity verification. Traditional authentication systems rely on the possession of a token, generally a password or smartcard. Token-based identity transactions are relatively easy to repudiate since unauthorized persons may possess the token. A system that can guarantee a user’s presence during authentication would greatly enhance the non-reputability of these transactions. Biometrics can provide this strong link between users and their identities. By measuring and comparing a feature of the user, we can increase the assurance that the user is present during authentication. Fingerprint biometrics are increasingly used for identity verification. However, these require a careful balance of accuracy and privacy that is missing in many implementations. This dissertation describes a new biometric matching system, the protection of an existing data-type, and a model for matching security with error correction codes. My research develops the Vaulted Verification (VV) system into Vaulted Fingerprint Verification (VFV) by implementing VV on a fingerprint minutia triangle representation [1]. Triangle representation contains much information that enhances the accuracy of the system. VFV matcher requires no order or relation between the minutia triangles. VFV allows for key exchange and remote authentication using the challenge response protocol. Protected biometric template is used to preform the authentication. Privacy and security of the user's biometric data is preserved through multiple levels of protection. First, the system uses a protected transmission protocol to transmit the authentication token. Second, minutia triangles are difficult to invert. Third, VFV is compatible with protected minutia data types. VFV is built on blocks containing several minutia triangles. Selecting several minutia triangles within a block provides tolerance to common errors in fingerprint images. The blocks are permuted to store arbitrary data, such as encryption keys or an authenticator challenge. The data is combined with an error correcting code to provide tolerance to inter-image errors in fingerprint minutia. VFV is fully compatible with protected biometric data-types. This is demonstrated by including a protected minutia descriptor, Protected Minutia Cylinder Code (PMCC) [2]. PMCC is known for its ability to enhance the accuracy of matching fingerprint minutia while being difficult to invert. Augmented VFV features with PMCC enhance the accuracy of the system. A modification of PMCC is developed in this dissertation to enhance the privacy of the system. The PMCC's within a minutia triangle are XORed together. The XOR procedure greatly enhances the non-invertiblity of PMCC, while having a small impact on VFV accuracy. Due to the importance of error correcting codes (ECC) in VFV, a model of security with ECC is developed. It is used to identify non-trivial potential attacker uses of ECC bits.

Shatt Al-Arab River (in Basrah province South of Iraq) is approximately 192 km long. It plays a key role in providing water for domestic purposes, irrigation, manufacturing, in addition to shipment. Recently the river suffers from increasing pollution, due to wastes from industries, domestic sewage and agricultural activities that find their way into water sources and result in large scale deterioration of water quality. Investigating the river size and significance, becomes necessary to perform a study to understand the water quality of this river that is considered by some experts as one of the most contaminated in Iraq. This work uses the Water Quality Index (WQI) to describe the pollution level of the river and by using Geographic Information System (GIS) to create WQI map. This study also determines the critical pollutants affecting the river water quality throughout its course. WQI has been formulated making use of several water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand（BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand（COD）, Nitrate (NO3-2), Phosphate (PO4-3), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Turbidity (Tur), and Electrical Conductivity (E.C) which were measured at 37 sites along the river. Bad water quality was observed at the sites of the river branches, near the center of Basrah governorate. Furthermore, it was discovered that the main reason for river pollution was due to the high sewage water discharged into the river, especially river branches and illegal discharges of industrial effluent and sewage.

The aim of the study was to identify the problems which face students at teachers colleges in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this aim, the investigator developed a 65-item questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of 1534 students. Proper ways of statistical analysis. were used to deal with the data of the study. Results revealed that the most serious educational problems were as follows: ignoring students' circumstances when designing the schedule, condensing the monthly exams over short periods of time, the clear variance in faculty members' ways of dealing with students, and the overemphasis on general preparation subjects rather than on subject specialization. The most serious personal problems revealed by the study were as follows: weakness of motivation for studying some subjects, feeling of anxiety before final exams, and students' suffering from lack of cooperation and encouragement by some faculty members. The most serious social problems were as follows: the lack of proper housing in teachers colleges, the search for part-time jobs to meet the needs of life, transportation problems to and from the campus and the absence of social activities on campus. Also, significant differences in the problems facing students at teachers colleges were observed. regardless of the social status and type of students , full-time and part-time students, . The results of the analysis of variance and Scheffe test revealed significant statistical differences in students' views with regard to the accumulative grade level of study, specialization and college. In the light of these findings, the investigator made some recommendations and suggestions.

BACKGROUND: Due to problems with chemical control, there is increasing interest in the use of microsporidia for control of lepidopteran pests. However, there have been few studies to evaluate the susceptibility of exotic species to microsporidia from indigenous Lepidoptera. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We investigated some biological characteristics of the microsporidian parasite isolated from wild Plutella xylostella (PX) and evaluated its pathogenicity on the laboratory responses of sympatric invasive and resident noctuid moths. There were significant differences in spore size and morphology between PX and Spodoptera litura (SL) isolates. Spores of PX isolate were ovocylindrical, while those of SL were oval. PX spores were 1.05 times longer than those of SL, which in turn were 1.49 times wider than those of the PX. The timing of infection peaks was much shorter in SL and resulted in earlier larval death. There were no noticeable differences in amplicon size (two DNA fragments were each about 1200 base pairs in length). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates shared a clade with Nosema/Vairimorpha sequences. The absence of octospores in infected spodopteran tissues suggested that PX and SL spores are closely related to Nosema plutellae and N. bombycis, respectively. Both SL and S. exigua (SE) exhibited susceptibility to the PX isolate infection, but showed different infection patterns. Tissular infection was more diverse in the former and resulted in much greater spore production and larval mortality. Microsporidium-infected larvae pupated among both infected and control larvae, but adult emergence occurred only in the second group. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PX isolate infection prevented completion of development of most leafworm and beet armyworm larvae. The ability of the microsporidian isolate to severely infect and kill larvae of both native and introduced spodopterans makes it a valuable candidate for biocontrol against lepidopteran pests.

Abstract Background In oral implantology, there is no consensus on the most appropriate regimen for antibiotics prescribing, the decision to prescribe antibiotic is usually based on procedure, patient and clinician related factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the rationale of antibiotic prescribing among Jordanian clinicians who practice oral implantology. Findings The target sample for the study was the 250 Jordan Dental Implant Group members. A five page questionnaire contained 41 questions, both closed and open questions were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Windows 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics were generated. The response rate was (70.4%) 176/250. Mean age was 37.2 yrs, 49.4% always prescribe antibiotics mainly oral amoxicillin and amoxicillin with clavulinic acid. Antibiotics prescribing increased with flap raising, multiple implants and sinus or bone augmentation. Patient medical condition, periodontitis and oral hygiene were the most important clinical factors in antibiotic prescribing, non-clinical factors were; reading scientific materials, courses and lectures, knowledge gained during training, and the effectiveness and previous experience with the drug. Conclusions Wide variations in antibiotics types, routes, dose and duration of administration were found. Recommendations on antibiotic prescribing are needed to prevent antibiotic overprescribing and misuse.

The main aim of this paper was to perform a secondary analysis of a dataset of migrant women in Spain to determine relationships between different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) and psychiatric symptoms, as well as core symptoms within IPV dimensions. The Cyber Aggression item "Sent messages that were threatening or harassing" (Cyber.10) was centrally situated across many measures, having a betweenness of 2.607, a closeness of 2.464, and a strength of 1.513. The research demonstrated how the relationship between multiple IPV and mental health disorders among Spanish migrant women is very multifactorial., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The extensive presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in children has been established through documentation. Still, the detailed connections between specific types of ACEs and psychiatric symptoms have not yet been comprehensively understood. A network analysis approach has not been undertaken to study how ACEs affect internalizing and externalizing symptoms among high school students in Jordan. The research investigates how ACEs lead to internalizing and externalizing symptoms through network analysis, which helps reveal the complex interconnections between these factors. A total of 517 high school student participants (mean age: 14.47 ± 2.25) and their parents completed the modified list of ACEs and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) self-report measures. The Extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC) and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) were used for unidirectional and directional methods. The network analysis identified key nodes and connections within internalizing, externalizing, and ACE symptoms. YSR.35 (Worthless) had the highest strength centrality among internalizing symptoms (0.89), while YSR.41 (Impulsive) (0.77) and ACE.3 (Physical abuse) (0.68) ranked highest for externalizing and ACE items, respectively. Centrality measures highlighted ACE.1 (Loss of a parent) as the most influential node (betweenness = 3.738, closeness = 2.664, strength = 2.866), followed by YSR.29 (Fears) (strength = 1.938) and YSR.104 (Talks too much) (betweenness = 1.921). The DAG results, generated using the iamb algorithm with bootstrapping (1,000 iterations), showed higher levels of ACE's predicated Affective Problems and symptoms. In conclusion, these findings underscore the need for more targeted and timely interventions to prevent the emergence of more complex disorders in the future. Ultimately, the implications of this research can contribute to the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions to reduce the impact of ACEs on mental health., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics Approval: The current study avoids the need for publication consent by not sharing private information, carrying out experiments, or working with sensitive data. Also, all methods followed relevant guidelines and regulations or the Declaration of Helsinki 1964. Informed Consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The Journal of Religion and Health (JORH) has significantly contributed to the intersection of spirituality and healthcare since its inception in 1961. We analyzed the top 100 most cited papers published in JORH, which may provide insights into authorship patterns, institutional affiliations, and publication dynamics. The data was retrieved from the Scopus database. Details about the annual growth rate of publications, citation metrics, authorship trends, and collaboration patterns among authors, universities, and countries are provided. A total of 3,359 papers were published in JORH. The top 100 most cited papers exhibited an annual growth rate of 3.14%. The average age of these documents was 12.8 years, with each paper receiving an average of 88.87 citations. The analysis identified 289 authors contributing to these highly cited works, of which 11 authors produced single-authored documents, resulting in 12 single-authored papers. The co-authorship rate averaged 3.27 authors per document, with an international collaboration rate of 16%, indicating moderate global engagement. The authors were affiliated with 141 universities across 21 countries. Performance metrics, including the number of papers, citations, h-index, g-index, m-index, HG composite, and q2 index, highlighted the contributions of top authors. The analysis also included a focus on the thematic evolution of papers through unigram, bigram, and trigram analyses. This bibliometric study of the top 100 most cited papers in JORH may underscore the journal's role in fostering interdisciplinary dialogue and highlight areas for future research., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: None., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The current paper aimed to estimate the network structure of general psychopathology (internalizing and externalizing symptoms/disorders) among 239 gifted children in Jordan. This cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method was conducted between September 2023 and October 2024 among gifted children aged 7-12. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was employed to assess six symptom clusters: conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant problems as externalizing symptoms, and affective problems, anxiety issues, and somatic complaints as internalizing symptoms. We used the network analysis perspective by graphical least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (gLASSO) and the Extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC). These methods were used to determine network structure and important nodes in the estimated network. "Sleeps less" (centrality strength = 2.04, edge weight = 0.33) was the central symptom in the affective cluster. In contrast, "worries" (centrality strength = 1.89, edge weight = 0.28) and "headaches" (centrality strength = 2.35, edge weight = 0.41) were pivotal in the anxiety and somatic clusters, respectively. The findings suggested that these symptoms had critical roles in the context of the general psychopathology among gifted children. Accordingly, the mentioned symptoms should be assessed and targeted among gifted children. Future studies could evaluate the results of targeting these symptoms on gifted children's well-being and daily functions., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Ethics Approval: The current study avoids the need for publication consent by not sharing private information, carrying out experiments, or working with sensitive data. Also, all methods followed relevant guidelines and regulations or the Declaration of Helsinki 1964. Informed Consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited papers in aesthetic plastic surgery., Methods: The analysis utilized VOSviewer, bibliometrix and biblioshiny packages in R. A keyword analysis was performed on all publications. Annual publication trends, mean total citations per article (MeanTCperArt), mean citation rate per year (MeanTCperYear), authors, institutions and countries contributions were examined., Results: From 1976 to October 2024, a total of 5460 papers (5010 articles and 450 reviews) were published in the journal, reflecting a modest annual growth rate of 1.79%. Among these, the top 100 most cited papers averaged 159.7 citations per article. These highly cited works had an average document age of 22.7 years, emphasizing their long-lasting impact. Authorship analysis revealed contributions from 327 authors, with notable contributors such as Spear SL and Farkas LG, each authoring three of the top 100 papers. The Second University of Naples emerged as a leading institution with 13 contributions, while the USA stood out as the most prolific country, publishing 29 papers in this dataset. Citation trends demonstrated variability across decades. From 1981 to 1989, citation averages per article ranged between 92 and 165, with mean citation rates per year (MeanTCperYear) from 2.09 to 4.32. Publications from 2015 achieved a MeanTCperYear of 16.80, while 2018 papers recorded annual citation rate of 30.0., Conclusion: The analysis of research themes within the top 100 cited papers revealed influential topics and trends that have shaped the literature in aesthetic plastic surgery. These findings highlight the journal's critical role in advancing the field., No Level Assigned: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Human and Animal Rights: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Informed Consent: For this type of study informed consent is not required., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Introduction: The current paper aimed to translate psychometric properties and network structure of the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED-P) in children aged 4 to 7 years in Arabic-speaking countries., Method: In this study, 646 Arabic-speaking parents of children aged 4 to 7 participated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the five-factor structure of the SCARED-P scale. Indices of reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity and measurement invariance were utilized. Additionally, a network perspective, which included exploratory graph analysis (EGA), was employed., Results: The results of the present study showed that the five-factor model of the SCARED-P scale was confirmed with good fit indices (χ 2 /df = 3.27, RMSEA = 0.059, CFI = 0.92). The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (total scale: α = 0.946, subscales: α = 0.68-0.96). Test-retest reliability over 2 weeks was satisfactory (ICC above 0.70). The convergent validity of the scale was also confirmed, as SCARED-P scores had a significant correlation with the emotional problems subscale of the SDQ (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). The emotional subscale showed the highest correlation with the generalized anxiety component (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Additionally, the network analysis supported the five-factor model of the SCARED-P scale., Conclusion: The SCARED-P scale demonstrated excellent psychometric properties in Arabic-speaking children aged 4 to 7, with a stable five-factor structure and strong convergent validity. It suggested that this tool can be a valuable instrument for the early identification of anxiety disorders in Arab countries. This study emphasizes the importance of culturally adapted screening tools in detecting anxiety symptoms and providing opportunities for early interventions., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The primary objective of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the most influential papers on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Using the Scopus database (October 2024), a targeted search was performed to identify relevant publications. Three retrieval options were considered based on the appearance of search terms. Precisely those documents were analyzed where the search terms appeared only in the title, allowing for a focused analysis of the most directly relevant studies. Next, from this search, the top 100 most cited papers, spanning from 1981 to 2018, were selected for detailed examination. Data analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and R Studio to provide insights into publication trends, author productivity, and the thematic focus of STEMI research. Author performance was evaluated through various bibliometric indicators, including total publications (TP), total citations (TC), h-index, g-index, m-index, HG composite, and Q2 index. Key metrics such as mean total citations per article (MeanTCperArt) and mean annual citation rate (MeanTCperYear) were also calculated. Thematic analysis of research topics was conducted using unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams, highlighting primary areas of focus across the most impactful STEMI studies. The results underscore significant trends in STEMI research, with highly cited papers shaping the field's evolution. This bibliometric approach provides valuable insights into research patterns, major contributors, and prevalent themes within STEMI literature., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study analyzed the growth, collaboration, citation trends, and emerging topics in nanoparticle-based vaccine and adjuvant research (NVAR) from 1977 to 2023, using data from the Scopus database. The field showed a steady growth rate of 7.53% per year. Leading researchers Jaafari, M.R. and Alving, C.R. contributed significantly to the field, with 24.22% of publications and 38.92% of total citations coming from the United States. International collaboration was very strong, particularly between the US, UK, Germany, China, and France. Key research topics include nanoparticles, immunotherapy, COVID-19, and vaccines with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 and malaria. Emerging topics include vaccine adjuvants, mRNA, and neutralizing antibodies. This study emphasizes the importance of ongoing collaboration and interdisciplinary efforts to advance the field of NVAR.

The current study aimed to quantify the length progression of enamel microcracks (EMCs) after debonding metal and ceramic brackets, implementing OCT as a diagnostic tool. The secondary objectives included a three-dimensional assessment of EMC width and depth and the formation of new EMCs. OCT imaging was performed on 16 extracted human premolars before bonding and after debonding. Debonding was conducted with a universal Instron machine, with ARI values recorded. Additionally, 2D and 3D OCT images were employed to detect EMC formation and progression. Enface images quantified the length, width, and number of EMCs, and the length and width were analyzed using Image J (1.54f) and MATLAB (R2014b), respectively. Sagittal cross-sectional images were used for EMC depth analysis. A paired t -test showed significant differences in the length, width, and number of EMCs after debonding ( p -value < 0.05), while the Wilcoxon non-parametric test indicated significant EMC depth changes ( p -value < 0.05). No significant results were identified for the EMC number in ceramic brackets and EMC depth in metal brackets. Three-dimensional OCT imaging monitored existing EMCs at higher risk of progression and detected new EMCs following orthodontic bracket debonding. This study provides novel insights into EMC progression regarding the length, width, depth, and number after debonding.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of ten papers published in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, focusing on the identification of critical gaps and the integration of diverse analytical approaches. Through a detailed review, we observed missing indicators such as comprehensive bibliometric metrics and qualitative assessments of research impact. The findings underscore the need for a more balanced approach in future studies, combining quantitative bibliometric data with qualitative evaluations to provide a fuller understanding of the research landscape. Our analysis highlights the importance of integrating systematic reviews and meta-analyses to achieve a holistic view of the subject matter. By adopting diverse indicators and methodologies, researchers can better capture the multifaceted nature of the field, including the impact on patient care and treatment outcomes. We emphasize the necessity for authors and reviewers to clearly understand and define the main theme and objectives of their studies, avoiding potential confusion that may arise from mixing different analytical methods. Incorporating these recommendations will enhance the clarity and effectiveness of research in aesthetic plastic surgery, bridging the gap between academic metrics and practical applications. This approach aims to foster more informed advancements in the field, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and a deeper understanding of aesthetic practices.No Level Assigned This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Human and Animal Rights: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Informed Consent: For this type of study informed consent is not required., (© 2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.)

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern associated with numerous complications. Aerobic exercise is recognized as a crucial non-pharmacological intervention for T2DM management, but its specific effects on key health parameters warrant further investigation., Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured 8-week aerobic exercise program on fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate (RHR) in individuals with T2DM., Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 100 participants diagnosed with T2DM. The intervention group (n = 50) underwent a supervised aerobic exercise program for eight weeks, while the control group (n = 50) received no structured exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted to measure FBG, HbA1c, BMI, BP, RHR, and VO₂ max were taken., Results: The aerobic group exhibited a significant reduction in FBG, declining from 141 to 132 mg/dl. Correspondingly, HbA1c decreased from 7.93 to 7.15%. Additionally, the aerobic group demonstrated a notable decrease in RHR from 72 to 66 bpm, indicating improved cardiovascular fitness. Concurrently, VO2 max increased from 22 to 26 mL/kg/min, further supporting the enhancement of cardiorespiratory capacity. Trends toward improvement were also observed in SBP and DBP. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between various health parameters, highlighting the interconnectedness of these variables in T2DM management., Conclusions: This study provides robust evidence supporting the benefits of aerobic exercise in individuals with T2DM. The improvements in glycemic control, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness underscore the importance of incorporating structured exercise programs into diabetes management protocols. The results emphasize the importance of incorporating regular physical activity into diabetes management strategies to optimize health outcomes and reduce the risk of complications., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for all procedures was obtained from the research ethics committee of the ELH (CT2023-001) incorporated with the Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University. Consent for publication: All participants provided written informed consent for participation in both studies. The ELH Institutional Review Board approved Consent forms. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.)

Artificial intelligence (AI) and microbiome have emerged in recent years as transformative fields with far-reaching implications for various biomedical domains. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis examining the intersection of AI and the microbiome (AIM). The study aims to provide information on this interdisciplinary field's research landscape, trends, and emerging topics. Using a systematic approach, data-driven studies were extracted from the Scopus database on 23 November 2023 and analyzed using the VOSviewer and Bibliometrix applications. The regression coefficient of 0.94 and the yearly growth rate of 7.46% in AIM production indicate a consistent increase over time. Identification of essential contributors, organizations, and nations illuminated cooperative networks and research hotspots. The trend themes are the gut microbiome, disease prediction, machine learning, transfer learning, categorization, big data, artificial neural networks, chronic rhinosinusitis, epidemiology, COPD, and bronchoalveolar lavage. These hot issues in AIM reflect the present emphasis on research and developments in our knowledge of the microbiome's function in health, sickness, and individualized treatment. The findings give researchers, policymakers, and industry experts a thorough picture of the research environment and guide future paths in AIM's fascinating and promising subject.

The search for new treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to the exploration of plant-based drugs as potential options. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used as anti-AD medications. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of girinimbine, a constituent of Murraya koenigii, on AChE. AChE inhibition was assessed by in vitro experiments using the modified Ellman method, as well as in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. The results were compared to those of the well-known anti-AChE agents tacrine and propidium iodide. Girinimbine, propidium, and tacrine at concentrations of 3.8X10-5M, 1.1x10-5M, and 6.1x10-7M showed percentages of inhibition percentages of 35.6%, 28.2%, and 76.6%, respectively. The docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses indicated that girinimbine exhibited a higher binding affinity to AChE compared to propidium and tacrine. This finding was further confirmed by the docking, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of rotation analyses. In conclusion, M. koenigii girinimbine shows promise as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease. Further research, including in vivo studies and clinical trials, is needed to explore its potential as a plant-based drug candidate for AD treatment.

Calcium alginate, a naturally derived polysaccharide from brown seaweed, has gained significant prominence in advanced wound care technologies. Despite its widespread application, there is a need for a bibliometric analysis to map the scientific advancements and thematic evolution in the field. To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited papers on calcium alginate wound dressings to identify key contributors, collaborative networks, prominent themes, and trends in citation impact. The Scopus database was utilized for its broad multidisciplinary coverage. A search string "(wound dressing) AND (calcium alginate)" was applied to the Title, Abstract, and Keywords fields without time restrictions. Only articles and reviews were included. The analysis involved two phases: (1) a general examination of all retrieved publications for productive authors, institutions, countries, sponsors, and sources; and (2) an in-depth analysis of the top 100 most cited papers using VOSviewer and the bibliometrix package in R Studio. Co-authorship, citation networks, keyword co-occurrences, and citation metrics were visualized and statistically analyzed. From a total of 330 publications identified, the United States (57 publications), the United Kingdom (54), and China (46) emerged as leading contributors. Key institutions included Donghua University (9 publications) and Chulalongkorn University (5 publications). Prominent funding sources were the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20 publications) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (6 publications). The International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, the International Wound Journal, and the British Journal of Plastic Surgery were frequently cited sources. The top 100 cited papers, spanning 1983-2023, demonstrated peaks in citation impact in 2014 and 2015, with mean citations per article exceeding 270. Co-word analysis revealed evolving research themes over decades, highlighting foundational and innovative contributions. This comprehensive analysis may provide valuable insights into the thematic evolution and emerging trends, serving as a foundation for future research in wound care technologies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Depression disorders are one of the most widespread mental disorders among college students. In university students, depression has been associated with lower academic performance, worse work performance, and increased dropout risk. his study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and highlight risk factors among Saudi international university students (IUS) in the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), and Australia., Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi students who chose to study abroad. A self-administered online questionnaire was sent to the students using an online survey. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, specialty, etc.), medical characteristics, social status, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) to assess the student's depression., Results: Of the 401 students, 52.4% were younger (age 18 - 25 years), and more than half were males (53.9%). Most of the participants were studying in the US (46.6%), followed by the UK (40.6%) and Australia (12.7%). The rate of major depression among Saudi students studying abroad was 40.4%. In univariate analysis, major depression was influenced by age, marital status, specialty, personal and family history of mental illness, contact with family and friends, and feeling like a stranger. However, after conducting multivariate regression analysis, previous diagnoses of mental illness and feeling a stranger were identified as the significant independent risk factors for major depression., Conclusion: This study provides insights into the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression among Saudi IUS. The prevalence of major depression among Saudi IUS was 40.4%. Previous history of mental illness and feeling like strangers were identified as the most prominent risk factors in this study. Identifying the prevalence and contributing factors of depression can guide academic institutions and governments in the development of effective interventions and support for IUS's mental well-being. Future research could diversify the sample and employ longitudinal designs., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at King Faisal University in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia (KFU-REC-2023-FEB-ETHICS525). All methods were carried out under relevant guidelines and regulations. There was no experimentation on humans, human tissue, or other species. Participants responded anonymously to the online survey, which began with an informed consent form in the first section. In this consent form, participants were informed about the confidentiality of the information. They were provided with information concerning the research purpose and that they had the right to revoke their participation without prior justification. Consent for publication Not Applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Over the past 15 years, WORLD NEUROSURGERY (WN) has emerged as a pivotal source in the neurosurgery field, reflecting remarkable growth and development. Originally published as Surgical Neurology from 1973 to 2009, the journal transitioned to its current title in 2010, significantly expanding its reach and influence., Methods: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of WN's publications from 1973 to 2023 was performed. The analysis focused on identifying the top authors, universities, countries, and sponsors in 2 periods: 1973-2009 and 2010-2023. Additionally, the study included a detailed examination of the top 1000 most cited papers, and summary of top 10 most cited papers., Results: The analysis revealed that during the Surgical Neurology period, 6567 research documents were published, including 6503 articles and 64 reviews. Since rebranding as WN, the journal has published an additional 17,663 documents, comprising 15,366 articles and 2297 reviews up to 2023. The top contributors (authors, universities, and sponsors) were identified, and the study found that WN has successfully increased its foothold across various continents. The co-word analysis provided insights into the thematic focus of the top 1000 most cited papers, categorizing them into 15 distinct areas., Conclusions: This study underscores WN's significant role in advancing neurosurgical research over the past 5 null decades. The findings highlight the journal's evolution, its expanding global influence, and the key contributors to its success., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This research paper investigates the application of Genetic Algorithms (GA) in optimizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for phoneme recognition. The study examines the formalism of GA, their parameters, and operators, and describes the genetic strategy adopted for phoneme recognition using the TIMIT sound database. The paper presents the outcomes of experiments conducted on the phonemes of the test base and the DR1 dialect learning base of the TIMIT base, and compares the recognition rates obtained by learning and testing with those guided by Self-Organizing Map (SOM) experiments. The findings suggest that the GA algorithm provides improved recognition rates and extends the search space to a global optimum, but can sometimes produce unacceptable results due to rapid and premature convergence and the overfitting problem. The study proposes a hybrid model between SOM and GA to take advantage of each of their properties and improve recognition rates. The results show that the proposed approach achieves an average recognition rate of over 95 %., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: Frankincense ( Boswellia ) and Myrrh ( Commiphora ) are natural substances that have a long history of traditional use and potential therapeutic applications. This study aimed to provide comprehensive insights into the literature on Frankincense and Myrrh research (FMR) by examining patterns, perspectives, and research trends within the research landscape., Methods: This bibliometric study utilized MeSH-generated terms, followed the PRISMA guidelines, and analyzed English-based bibliographic data from original studies retrieved from the Scopus database. The VOSviewer and Bibliometrix applications were employed to analyze the CVS and BibTex data consisting of 955 records. This study focuses on publication trends, research topics, citation counts, research impacts, and collaboration dynamics., Results: The analysis revealed a steady increase in FMR, indicating growing interest in these substances. Egypt, the United States, and Saudi Arabia are the most prolific countries in terms of research output. FMR primarily focuses on chemical composition, pharmacological properties, and medicinal applications. Key research topics include identification and analysis of bioactive compounds, optimization of extraction techniques, and evaluation of their therapeutic potential. Surprisingly, the thematic map was overwhelmed by the niche, motor, basic, and emerging themes. Trending topics in FMR include "Myrrh oil", "sesquiterpene", "tapping", "triterpenoids", and "allergic contact dermatitis". Collaboration networks highlight the involvement of diverse stakeholders, indicating the importance of multidisciplinary and international collaboration in advancing the field., Conclusions: These insights contribute to a better understanding of the research landscape of FMR, guiding future studies and facilitating the utilization of these natural substances for the benefit of society., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The project aimed to conduct an up-to-date and comprehensive bibliometric analysis of robotic surgery to provide a detailed and holistic understanding of the field. Three strategies were employed in the data analysis i.e. search terms were explored in (A) the title, abstract, and keywords and (B) only in the title of the documents. In 3rd part we analyzed the top 100 most cited papers. Vosviewer and R Studio were utilized for detailed bibliometric and network analyses. Strategy one identified 38,469 publications, and strategy two identified 6451 publications from 2001 to 2023. The top authors, universities, countries, sponsors, and sources based on the number of publications were identified for both strategies. The top 100 most cited papers were analyzed, providing the annual number of publications and various citation metrics. Top authors (by number of publications, total citations, h-index, g-index, and m-index), universities, and countries within these highly cited papers, along with their co-authorship networks and dynamics, were examined. Co-words analysis of the top 100 most cited papers revealed the primary focus of these documents across 25 categories. This comprehensive bibliometric analysis of robotic surgery highlighted significant contributions and collaborations in the field, emphasizing the importance of global and collaborative efforts in advancing robotic surgery research., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Research on Coffea arabica focuses on various aspects, including genetics, breeding, climate change resilience, pest and disease management, agronomy, sensory analysis, and sustainability. This study aims to analyze the hotspots, conceptual map and dynamicity, global landscape, and emerging trends in Coffea arabica research (CA-R)., Methods: A comprehensive dataset comprising data-driven articles (N = 3967) from 1932 to 2023 was extracted from Scopus using predefined search terms. VOSviewer and Bibliometrix applications were utilized to analyze the data. Thematic evolution was examined by identifying shifts in research focus over time. The global landscape was assessed by examining comparative productivity and collaborative dynamics. Highly-cited CA-R was identified to highlight key findings in specific research areas., Results: The analysis revealed a steady growth of CA-R (annual growth rate = 6.53 %), with strong international collaboration (international co-authorships = 29.35 %) and significant contributions from various countries. Brazil leads the way with 1601 publications, accounting for 28.55 % of the total. Recognizable CA-R focused on important areas such as pollination, shade management, nanotechnology applications, roasting effects, disease management, and environmental impacts. Thematic analysis identified five distinct clusters representing different CA-R themes: "coffee", "coffea," "fermentation," " Coffea arabica ," and "climate change." Emerging themes such as " in vitro culture," "sustainable agriculture," "climate change," and "coffee berry borer" were also identified., Conclusion: The current findings enhance our understanding of CA-R and lay the groundwork for future studies in the coffee industry., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with huge clinical and economic burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which can be curtailed by efficacious treatment. In order to achieve this, current treatment pathways for T2DM and associated costs need to be assessed., Methods: A longitudinal cohort review was conducted to collect country-specific and patient-specific clinical data, over a minimum observation period of 5 years in the KSA. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment patterns were recorded. The IQVIA Core Diabetes Model (CDM) version 9.5 Plus was used to assess the burden of illness, which included long-term projections of clinical (life expectancy [LE], quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs], event rates of diabetes-related complications) and direct medical cost (per-patient annual or lifelong [50 years]) outcomes of the most commonly used first-line (1st-line) regimens for T2DM from a payer perspective in the KSA., Results: Data were collected from a subpopulation of 638 patients from 15 participating centres. There was an equal gender representation with a majority of the patients belonging to Arabian/Saudi ethnicity (71.0%). Biguanides (81.5%), sulfonylureas (51.6%), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (26.2%) and fast-acting insulins (17.2%) were the most prescribed 1st-line agents. The most frequently used 1st-line regimens resulted in an estimated LE of 25-28 years, QALYs of 18-21 years and lifelong total cost of illness of 201,377-437,371 Saudi Arabian riyal (53,700-116,632 US dollars)., Conclusion: Our study addresses gaps in the current research by providing a complete landscape of baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and treatment patterns from a heterogeneous group of patients with T2DM in the KSA. Additionally, the burden of illness analysis using CDM showed substantially higher cost of T2DM care from a payer perspective in the KSA., (© 2024. The Author(s).)