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Implication Statement Reflection is a skill which has the potential to enhance higher order thinking such as empathy and compassion. We aimed to study reflective writing as a means to nurture empathy among medical students. An interventional study was conducted among 73 final-year medical students using the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered anonymously before and after a clinical clerkship. Reflective writing generated strong emotional responses but did not improve Empathy Questionnaire scores. Reflective writing about patient care experiences may be useful in clinical clerkships to develop certain constructs of empathy such as perspective taking and compassion among medical students, but it may not raise empathy scores in the short term.

This article reviewed the digital transformation of education in Oman. There are many problems facing regular education in Oman. In this study, the issue of digital transformation in Omani education is mainly discussed. The aim of this study is to review the impact of the environment, human and financial resources, and educational knowledge on the speed of digital transformation of education, as the speed of digital transformation leads to the development of digital transformation performance in the Sultanate of Oman. The results indicated that the environment, human resources, finance and knowledge have a significant impact on the performance of digital transformation. The inclusion of digital transformation revealed the conceptual model for the effect of complementary mediation on the relationship between digital knowledge and digital transformation as well as the performance of technology as a whole. This study 42 Journal of Business Management and Accounting, Vol. 11, Number 2 (July) 2021, pp: 41–59 demonstrates the importance of digital transformation along with e-learning and meeting user expectations. The Secondary Research Approach method was used by reviewing many articles from various sources such as websites, books, journals, and scholarly research, from July to November 2020.The results contributes significantly to both theory and practice by promoting the use of digital transformation.

Background and objective: Entrance skin dose is the value of the radiation absorbed dose by the skin where the X-ray beam enters the patients. Assessment of entrance skin doses, specifically for pediatric radiology, is very crucial as the children are dividing cells rapidly and are more sensitive to radiation than adults. Their cells can be easily damaged by excessive radiation dose. This study is considered as an attempt to evaluate the effects of diagnostic X-ray on pediatric patients throughout measuring the entrance skin doses and hematological parameters for pediatric patients. Ways of protecting themselves from X-ray hazards is also included. Methods: A case-control study was used to collecting the data for 70 pediatric patients from October 2015 to August 2016 at Radiology Departments of five governmental hospitals throughout Hawler city the capital of Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Pediatric patients aged between (1 day - 6 years) they were divided into case and control group by which 40 of them had got diagnostic X-ray examination as (case group) and 30 of them had not had past history of taking X-rays as (control group). Entrance skin dose was measured indirectly via parameters such as a focus on skin distance, tube voltage (KV) and tube current (mAs) in an arithmetical equation. Results: High level of entrance skin doses were received by pediatric patients in this study. Also, it was found that diagnostic X-ray has effects on pediatrics white blood cells and platelets with the significant difference between case and control group and p-values (< 0.001 and 0.006) respectively. Conclusion: Entrance skin doses levels received by pediatric patients in this study was higher than other studies level and then pediatric patients will be at risk if they are exposed to unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation. It is important to focus on improving pediatric radiography for reducing the hazards of X-ray radiation on pediatric patients.

Nursing expertise plays a crucial role in strengthening epidemiology and surveillance within public health systems. This paper explores the multifaceted contributions of nurses to data collection, analysis, and management of surveillance systems, highlighting their role in promoting population health and preventing disease spread. Drawing upon principles of epidemiology and public health surveillance, as well as core competencies for public health nursing, this paper elucidates the various ways in which nurses engage in surveillance activities, including patient assessments, health records documentation, surveillance systems reporting, data analysis, quality improvement initiatives, and community health assessments. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, communication, and advocacy, nurses enhance the effectiveness and reliability of public health surveillance efforts, ultimately improving health outcomes and reducing the burden of disease within communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflection is a skill which has the potential to enhance higher order thinking such as empathy and compassion. We aimed to study reflective writing as a means to nurture empathy among medical students. An interventional study was conducted among 73 final-year medical students using the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered anonymously before and after a clinical clerkship. Reflective writing generated strong emotional responses but did not improve Empathy Questionnaire scores. Reflective writing about patient care experiences may be useful in clinical clerkships to develop certain constructs of empathy such as perspective taking and compassion among medical students, but it may not raise empathy scores in the short term., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (© 2024 Hashim, Khan, Kieu, Alkaabi, Al Rubaei, Alfazari, Alneyadi, Alsaedi, Govender; licensee Synergies Partners.)