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Purpose: Skilful arthroscopy requires an aboveaverage level of manual dexterity. It is evident that particular motor skills can be learned and trained before arthroscopic training. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the impact of movement‐related cognitive training on the learning curve during arthroscopic basic training. Methods: Fifty right‐handed participants without arthroscopic experience were matched to an intervention group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). Prior to basic arthroscopic skill training with a simulator, the intervention group underwent 12 weeks of movement‐related cognitive training. Cognitive and motor skills were assessed in both groups by using standardised tests (CogniFit test, angle reproduction test, two‐arm coordination test) as a pretest and, for the intervention group, again before arthroscopic training as a posttest. For arthroscopic simulator training, three tasks ('Telescoping', 'Periscoping', 'Triangulation') from the Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgery Training module were selected and practiced 10 times with the camera in the right and left hands. The learning progress was quantified by exercise time, camera path length and hook path length. Results: No significant differences in sex distribution, age distribution or the results of the pretests between the intervention group (n = 21) and the control group (n = 25) were found (n.s.). The intervention group improved significantly from the pretest to the posttest in the CogniFit (p = 0.003) and two‐arm coordination test in terms of time (p < 0.001) and errors (p = 0.002) but not in the angle reproduction test. No significant differences were found between the groups for the three arthroscopic tasks. Conclusion: The hypothesis that movement‐related cognitive training shortens the learning curve for acquiring arthroscopic basic skills cannot be confirmed. Other factors influencing the learning curve such as talent, teaching method and motivation have a greater impact on the acquisition of complex motor skills. Level of Evidence: Level II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Metakognitive Annahmen beeinflussen verschiedene kognitive Prozesse und Inhalte. Auf Basis des metakognitiven Modells suizidalen Erlebens und Verhaltens soll untersucht werden, inwieweit positive und negative suizidbezogene metakognitive Annahmen mit maladaptiven Strategien zur Kontrolle von (Suizid-)Gedanken zusammenhängen. Methoden: In zwei Onlinestichproben: (OS I [N = 214; 81,8% weiblich, 1,9% divers; MAlter = 24,9, SDAlter = 4,0, Range: 18–35 Jahre] und OS II [N = 56; 71,4% weiblich, 3,6% divers; MAlter = 33,2, SDAlter = 12,2, Range 20–61 Jahre]) wurden suizidbezogene positive und negative Metakognitionen und Suizidgedanken erfasst. In OS I wurde zusätzlich suizidspezifische Gedankenunterdrückung und in OS II wurden allgemeine maladaptive Gedankenkontrollstrategien mit suizidbezogenen Metakognitionen korreliert. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse weisen substantielle Zusammenhänge zwischen negativen und positiven suizidbezogenen Meta-kognitionen sowie suizidspezifischen und allgemeinen Gedankenkontrollstrategien auf, wobei allgemeine Gedankenkontrollstrategien auch längsschnittlich über einen Zeitraum von zwei Wochen mit suizidbezogenen Metakognitionen korrelierten. Die Kontrollstrategien „Bestrafung", „Sorgen" und „Ablenkung von Suizidgedanken" korrelierten signifikant mit positiven und negativen suizidbezogenen Meta-kognitionen. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahmen des metakognitiven Mo-dells suizidalen Erlebens und Verhaltens. Die gefundenen Zusammenhänge sollten in zukünftigen Studien genauer mit suizidspezifischen Instrumenten und unter Berücksichtigung zeitlicher Veränderungen der erfassten Konstrukte untersucht werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a cognitive dual task on minimum toe clearance (MTC) variability while walking. In a randomized cross-over design, gait kinematics of 25 older (70 ± 6 years) and 45 younger adults (25 ± 2 years) were captured during normal walking and dual-task walking. Variability of stride time, stride length, and MTC were calculated. Differences between normal versus dual-task walking were assessed using Wilcoxon tests. Compared with normal walking, dual-task walking caused an increase in stride time variability (older adults: p <.001 and younger adults: p <.001), while the variability of MTC decreased (older adults: p =.032 and younger adults: p =.012). MTC seems to be a task-relevant gait parameter that is controlled with high priority to preserve its variability under challenging conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context:The use of isokinetic dynamometers playing an important role in different settings of sports and medicine. Therefore, a high reliability of these devices is required. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the intersession reliability of the dynamometer BTE PrimusRS regarding to the isolated single-joint exercises extension/flexion of the knee and elbow for isokinetic testing. Design: Intersession reliability. Setting: Clinical settings and sports science. Participants: 16 young male students. Intervention: The testing protocol includes 5 consecutive repetitions (concentric/concentric) at a velocity of 60°/s for the exercises. Main Outcome Measures: Raw data of torque curves were used to determine the peak torque. Reliability was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the limits of agreement (LoA), and the bias and the variability of measurements (V). Results: High ICC values (.954-.991) were found for the used exercises. However, the LoAs yielded up to over 16 Nm and the V yielded up to nearly 9 % in several testing exercises, indicating poor absolute reliability. Conclusion: The BTE PrimusRS shows good to excellent reliability. However, regarding the absolute measures of reliability, the users must decide as experts in their fields whether this reliability is sufficient for their purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dancing is a complex sensorimotor activity involving physical and mental elements which have positive effects on cognitive functions and motor control. The present randomized controlled trial aims to analyze the effects of a dancing program on the performance on a motorcognitive dual task. Data of 35 older adults, who were assigned to a dancing group or a health-related exercise group, are presented in the study. In pretest and posttest, we assessed cognitive performance and variability of minimum foot clearance, stride time, and stride length while walking. Regarding the cognitive performance and the stride-to-stride variability of minimum foot clearance, interaction effects have been found, indicating that dancing lowers gait variability to a higher extent than conventional health-related exercise. The data show that dancing improves minimum foot clearance variability and cognitive performance in a dual-task situation. Multi-task exercises (like dancing) might be a powerful tool to improve motor-cognitive dual-task performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]