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1. Identification and Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC45/ USA600, North Carolina, USA, 2021

Author

MacFarquhar, Jennifer K., Bajpai, Anumita, Fisher, Teresa, Barr, Chad, Kent, Alyssa G., McKay, Susannah L., Campbell, Davina, Gargis, Amy S., Balbuena, Rocio, Lonsway, David, Karlsson, Maria, Walters, Maroya Spalding, Ham, D. Cal, and Glover, William A.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Staphylococcus aureus, Drug resistance in microorganisms, Vancomycin, Methicillin, Health
Abstract

On December 3, 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed a vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolate from a resident of North Carolina, USA. That isolate represented the [...]

Published
2025

2. Reply to Diekema et al

Author

Popovich, Kyle J, Aureden, Kathy, Ham, D Cal, Harris, Anthony D, Hessels, Amanda J, Huang, Susan S, Maragakis, Lisa L, Milstone, Aaron M, Moody, Julia, Yokoe, Deborah, and Calfee, David P

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Published
2023

4. Remote Infection Control Assessments of US Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic, April to June 2020

Author

Adeyemo, Adesubomi, Bagchi, Suparna, Boone, Karen, Allen-Bridson, Katherine, Cali, Susan, Carmon, Clayton, Chisty, Zeshan, Duffy, Nadezhda, Epstein, Lauren, Goswami, Neela D., Ham, D. Cal, Hannan, Judy, Hercules, Margaret, Issa, Anindita, Kolwaite ARNP, Amy, Legros, Jessie, Lees, Serina, Lucas, Todd, Matanock, Almea, McClung, Nancy, Moro, Pedro, Nanduri, Srinivas, Shugart, Alicia, Sipe, Theresa, Smith, Henrietta, Soda, Elizabeth, Somers, Tarah, Umeakunne, Erica, Tucker, Pattie, White, Katelyn, Walters, Maroya Spalding, Prestel, Christopher, Fike, Lucy, Shrivastwa, Nijika, Glowicz, Janet, Benowitz, Isaac, Bulens, Sandra, Curren, Emily, Dupont, Hannah, Marcenac, Perrine, Mahon, Garrett, Moorman, Anne, Ogundimu, Abimbola, Weil, Lauren M., Kuhar, David, Cochran, Ronda, Schaefer, Melissa, Slifka, Kara Jacobs, Kallen, Alexander, and Perz, Joseph F.

Published
2022
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5. Extensively Drug-Resistant Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Medical Tourism from the United States to Mexico, 2018-2019

Author

Kracalik, Ian, Ham, D. Cal, McAllister, Gillian, Smith, Amanda R., Vowles, Maureen, Kauber, Kelly, Zambrano, Melba, Rodriguez, Gretchen, Garner, Kelley, Chorbi, Kaitlyn, Cassidy, P. Maureen, McBee, Shannon, Stoney, Rhett J., Moser, Kathleen, Villarino, Margarita E., Zazueta, Oscar E., Bhatnagar, Amelia, Sula, Erisa, Stanton, Richard A., Brown, Allison C., Halpin, Alison L., Epstein, Lauren, and Walters, Maroya Spalding

Subjects
Epidemics -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- United States -- Mexico, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections -- Risk factors -- Statistics, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Statistics, Cross infection -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Obesity -- Surgery, Nosocomial infections -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Hospital patients -- Statistics, Medical tourism -- Statistics, Health
Abstract

In the United States, 20% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from adult device-associated healthcare-associated infections and 9% from surgical site infections are not susceptible to carbapenem antimicrobial drugs (1). However, only 1%-3% [...]

Published
2022
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6. Gram-Negative Bacteria Harboring Multiple Carbapenemase Genes, United States, 2012-2019

Author

Ham, D. Cal, Mahon, Garrett, Bhaurla, Sandeep K., Horwich-Scholefield, Sam, Klein, Liore, Dotson, Nychie, Rasheed, J. Kamile, McAllister, Gillian, Stanton, Richard A., Karlsson, Maria, Lonsway, David, Huang, Jennifer Y., and Brown, Allison C.

Subjects
Bacteria, Pathogenic -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Genetic aspects, Beta lactamases -- Genetic aspects, Gram-negative bacteria -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects, Health
Abstract

Carbapenems have been standard treatments for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli infections since 1985, when they were approved for clinical use in the United States (https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/050587s074lbl.pdf). Carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) are a growing [...]

Published
2021
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7. Candida auris in US Correctional Facilities

Author

Hennessee, Ian, primary, Forsberg, Kaitlin, additional, Erskine, Jalysa, additional, Charles, Argentina, additional, Russell, Barbara, additional, Reyes, Juliana, additional, Emery, Chantel, additional, Valencia, Nickolas, additional, Sherman, Adrienne, additional, Mehr, Jason, additional, Gallion, Hannah, additional, Halleck, Brandon, additional, Cox, Caleb, additional, Bryant, Marcie, additional, Nichols, Deborah, additional, Medrzycki, Magdalena, additional, Ham, D. Cal, additional, Hagan, Liesl M., additional, and Lyman, Meghan, additional

Published
2024
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9. Identification and Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC45/USA600, North Carolina, USA, 2021.

Author

MacFarquhar, Jennifer K., Bajpai, Anumita, Fisher, Teresa, Barr, Chad, Kent, Alyssa G., McKay, Susannah L., Campbell, Davina, Gargis, Amy S., Balbuena, Rocio, Lonsway, David, Karlsson, Maria, Walters, Maroya Spalding, Ham, D. Cal, and Glover, William A.

Subjects
STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, PUBLIC health
Abstract

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is a rare but serious public health concern. We describe a VRSA case in North Carolina, USA. The isolate from the case belonged to the USA600 lineage and clonal complex 45. No transmission was identified. Confirmed VRSA cases should include a thorough investigation and public health response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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10. Reply to Diekema et al. “Are contact precautions “essential” for the prevention of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?”

Author

Popovich, Kyle J, primary, Aureden, Kathy, additional, Ham, D Cal, additional, Harris, Anthony D, additional, Hessels, Amanda J, additional, Huang, Susan S, additional, Maragakis, Lisa L, additional, Milstone, Aaron M, additional, Moody, Julia, additional, Yokoe, Deborah, additional, and Calfee, David P, additional

Published
2023
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11. Vital Signs: Health Disparities in Hemodialysis-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections--United States, 2017-2020

Author

Rha, Brian, See, Isaac, Dunham, Lindsay, Kutty, Preeta K., Moccia, Lauren, Apata, Ibironke W., Ahern, Jennifer, Jung, Shelley, Li, Rongxia, Nadle, Joelle, Petit, Susan, Ray, Susan M., Harrison, Lee H., Bernu, Carmen, Lynfield, Ruth, Dumyati, Ghinwa, Tracy, Marissa, Schaffner, William, Ham, D. Cal, Magill, Shelley S., O'Leary, Erin N., Bell, Jeneita, Srinivasan, Arjun, McDonald, L. Clifford, Edwards, Jonathan R., and Novosad, Shannon

Subjects
United States. Census Bureau, Staphylococcus aureus -- Health aspects, Chronic kidney failure -- Health aspects, Health care industry -- Health aspects, Infection -- Health aspects, Staphylococcus aureus infections -- Health aspects, Methicillin -- Health aspects, Hemodialysis -- Health aspects, Disease susceptibility -- Health aspects, African Americans -- Health aspects, Health care industry, Health
Abstract

Introduction More than 800,000 persons in the United States live with ESKD, 70% of whom are treated with dialysis (89% hemodialysis and 11% peritoneal dialysis); 30% have a functioning kidney [...]

Published
2023

15. SHEA/IDSA/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission and infection in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update

Author

Popovich, Kyle J., primary, Aureden, Kathy, additional, Ham, D. Cal, additional, Harris, Anthony D., additional, Hessels, Amanda J., additional, Huang, Susan S., additional, Maragakis, Lisa L., additional, Milstone, Aaron M., additional, Moody, Julia, additional, Yokoe, Deborah, additional, and Calfee, David P., additional

Published
2023
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16. Vital Signs: Health Disparities in Hemodialysis-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections — United States, 2017–2020

Author

Rha, Brian, primary, See, Isaac, additional, Dunham, Lindsay, additional, Kutty, Preeta K., additional, Moccia, Lauren, additional, Apata, Ibironke W., additional, Ahern, Jennifer, additional, Jung, Shelley, additional, Li, Rongxia, additional, Nadle, Joelle, additional, Petit, Susan, additional, Ray, Susan M., additional, Harrison, Lee H., additional, Bernu, Carmen, additional, Lynfield, Ruth, additional, Dumyati, Ghinwa, additional, Tracy, Marissa, additional, Schaffner, William, additional, Ham, D. Cal, additional, Magill, Shelley S., additional, O’Leary, Erin N., additional, Bell, Jeneita, additional, Srinivasan, Arjun, additional, McDonald, L. Clifford, additional, Edwards, Jonathan R., additional, and Novosad, Shannon, additional

Published
2023
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21. Remote Infection Control Assessments of US Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic, April to June 2020

Author

Walters, Maroya Spalding, primary, Prestel, Christopher, additional, Fike, Lucy, additional, Shrivastwa, Nijika, additional, Glowicz, Janet, additional, Benowitz, Isaac, additional, Bulens, Sandra, additional, Curren, Emily, additional, Dupont, Hannah, additional, Marcenac, Perrine, additional, Mahon, Garrett, additional, Moorman, Anne, additional, Ogundimu, Abimbola, additional, Weil, Lauren M., additional, Kuhar, David, additional, Cochran, Ronda, additional, Schaefer, Melissa, additional, Slifka, Kara Jacobs, additional, Kallen, Alexander, additional, Perz, Joseph F., additional, Adeyemo, Adesubomi, additional, Bagchi, Suparna, additional, Boone, Karen, additional, Allen-Bridson, Katherine, additional, Cali, Susan, additional, Carmon, Clayton, additional, Chisty, Zeshan, additional, Duffy, Nadezhda, additional, Epstein, Lauren, additional, Goswami, Neela D., additional, Ham, D. Cal, additional, Hannan, Judy, additional, Hercules, Margaret, additional, Issa, Anindita, additional, Kolwaite ARNP, Amy, additional, Legros, Jessie, additional, Lees, Serina, additional, Lucas, Todd, additional, Matanock, Almea, additional, McClung, Nancy, additional, Moro, Pedro, additional, Nanduri, Srinivas, additional, Shugart, Alicia, additional, Sipe, Theresa, additional, Smith, Henrietta, additional, Soda, Elizabeth, additional, Somers, Tarah, additional, Umeakunne, Erica, additional, Tucker, Pattie, additional, and White, Katelyn, additional

Published
2022
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22. Reply to Diekema et al.

Author

Popovich, Kyle J, Aureden, Kathy, Ham, D Cal, Harris, Anthony D, Hessels, Amanda J, Huang, Susan S, Maragakis, Lisa L, Milstone, Aaron M, Moody, Julia, Yokoe, Deborah, and Calfee, David P

Subjects
STAPHYLOCOCCAL disease prevention, PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission, CROSS infection prevention, INFECTION control, HAND washing, METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, CRITICAL care medicine
Published
2024
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24. A comprehensive approach to ending an outbreak of rare blaOXA-72 gene-positive carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii at a Community Hospital, Kansas City, MO, 2018

Author

McKinsey, David S., Gasser, Carolyn, McKinsey, Joel P., Ditto, Geri, Agard, Alyssa, Zellmer, Brianna, Poteete, Carrie, Vagnone, Paula Snippes, Dale, Jennifer L., Bos, John, Hahn, Rachael, Turabelidze, George, Poiry, Madison, Franklin, Patrick, Vlachos, Nicholas, McAllister, Gillian A., Halpin, Alison Laufer, Glowicz, Janet, Ham, D. Cal, and Epstein, Lauren

Published
2021
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25. SHEA/IDSA/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureustransmission and infection in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update

Author

Popovich, Kyle J., Aureden, Kathy, Ham, D. Cal, Harris, Anthony D., Hessels, Amanda J., Huang, Susan S., Maragakis, Lisa L., Milstone, Aaron M., Moody, Julia, Yokoe, Deborah, and Calfee, David P.

Abstract

Previously published guidelines have provided comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute-care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing efforts to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) transmission and infection. This document updates the “Strategies to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusTransmission and Infection in Acute Care Hospitals” published in 2014.1This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). It is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), the American Hospital Association (AHA), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise.

Published
2023
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26. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance patterns among Staphylococcus aureusin the United States, 2012–2018

Author

Ham, D. Cal, Fike, Lucy, Wolford, Hannah, Lastinger, Lindsey, Soe, Minn, Baggs, James, and Walters, Maroya Spalding

Abstract

AbstractWe reviewed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole antibiotic susceptibility testing data among Staphylococcus aureususing 3 national inpatient databases. In all 3 databases, we observed an increases in the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusthat were not susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Providers should select antibiotic regimens based on local resistance patterns and should report changes to the public health department.

Published
2023
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27. Vital Signs:Health Disparities in Hemodialysis-Associated Staphylococcus aureusBloodstream Infections — United States, 2017–2020

Author

Rha, Brian, See, Isaac, Dunham, Lindsay, Kutty, Preeta K., Moccia, Lauren, Apata, Ibironke W., Ahern, Jennifer, Jung, Shelley, Li, Rongxia, Nadle, Joelle, Petit, Susan, Ray, Susan M., Harrison, Lee H., Bernu, Carmen, Lynfield, Ruth, Dumyati, Ghinwa, Tracy, Marissa, Schaffner, William, Ham, D. Cal, Magill, Shelley S., O’Leary, Erin N., Bell, Jeneita, Srinivasan, Arjun, McDonald, L. Clifford, Edwards, Jonathan R., and Novosad, Shannon

Abstract

Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). ESKD patients on dialysis are at increased risk for Staphylococcus aureusbloodstream infections, but racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities associated with this outcome are not well described.

Published
2023
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28. A comprehensive approach to ending an outbreak of rare bla gene-positive carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii at a Community Hospital, Kansas City, MO, 2018

Author

McKinsey, David S., primary, Gasser, Carolyn, additional, McKinsey, Joel P., additional, Ditto, Geri, additional, Agard, Alyssa, additional, Zellmer, Brianna, additional, Poteete, Carrie, additional, Vagnone, Paula Snippes, additional, Dale, Jennifer L., additional, Bos, John, additional, Hahn, Rachael, additional, Turabelidze, George, additional, Poiry, Madison, additional, Franklin, Patrick, additional, Vlachos, Nicholas, additional, McAllister, Gillian A., additional, Halpin, Alison Laufer, additional, Glowicz, Janet, additional, Ham, D. Cal, additional, and Epstein, Lauren, additional

Published
2021
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30. Investigation of Hospital-Onset Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections at Eight High Burden Acute Care Facilities in the United States, 2016.

Author

Ham, D.C., See, I., Novosad, S., Crist, M., Mahon, G., Fike, L., Spicer, K., Talley, P., Flinchum, A., Kainer, M., Kallen, A.J., Walters, M.S., Ham, D Cal, See, Isaac, Novosad, Shannon, Crist, Matthew, Mahon, Garrett, Fike, Lucy, Spicer, Kevin, and Talley, Pamela

Abstract

Background: Despite large reductions from 2005-2012, hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (HO MRSA BSIs) continue be a major source of morbidity and mortality.Aim: To describe risk factors for and underlying sources of HO MRSA BSIs.Methods: We investigated HO MRSA BSIs at eight high-burden short-stay acute care hospitals. A case was defined as first isolation of MRSA from a blood specimen collected in 2016 on hospital day ≥4 from a patient without an MRSA-positive blood culture in the 14 days prior. We reviewed case-patient demographics and risk factors by medical record abstraction. The potential clinical source(s) of infection were determined by consensus by a clinician panel.Findings: Of the 195 eligible cases, 186 were investigated. Case-patients were predominantly male (63%); median age was 57 years (range 0-92). In the two weeks prior to the BSI, 88% of case-patients had indwelling devices, 31% underwent a surgical procedure, and 18% underwent dialysis. The most common locations of attribution were intensive care units (ICUs) (46%) and step-down units (19%). The most commonly identified non-mutually exclusive clinical sources were CVCs (46%), non-surgical wounds (17%), surgical site infections (16%), non-ventilator healthcare-associated pneumonia (13%), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (11%).Conclusions: Device-and procedure-related infections were common sources of HO MRSA BSIs. Prevention strategies focused on improving adherence to existing prevention bundles for device-and procedure-associated infections and on source control for ICU patients, patients with certain indwelling devices, and patients undergoing certain high-risk surgeries are being pursued to decrease HO MRSA BSI burden at these facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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31. Notes from the Field: Investigation of Carbapenemase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Among Patients at a Community Hospital — Kentucky, 2016

Author

Chae, Sae-Rom, primary, Yaffee, Anna Q., additional, Weng, Mark K., additional, Ham, D. Cal, additional, Daniels, Kimberly, additional, Wilburn, Amanda B., additional, Porter, Kimberly A., additional, Flinchum, Andrea H., additional, Boyd, Sandra, additional, Shams, Alicia, additional, Walters, Maroya S., additional, and Kallen, Alexander, additional

Published
2018
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34. Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outbreak Associated With Artificial Tears.

Author

Grossman MK, Rankin DA, Maloney M, Stanton RA, Gable P, Stevens VA, Ewing T, Saunders K, Kogut S, Nazarian E, Bhaurla S, Mephors J, Mongillo J, Stonehocker S, Prignano J, Valencia N, Charles A, McNamara K, Fritsch WA, Ruelle S, Plucinski CA, Sosa LE, Ostrowsky B, Ham DC, and Walters MS

Subjects
Humans, Case-Control Studies, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, United States epidemiology, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Aged, 80 and over, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Young Adult, Cephalosporinase genetics, Cephalosporinase metabolism, Carbapenems pharmacology, Disease Outbreaks, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification, Pseudomonas Infections epidemiology, Pseudomonas Infections microbiology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Bacterial Proteins genetics, beta-Lactamases genetics
Abstract

Background: Carbapenemase-producing, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CP-CRPA) are extensively drug-resistant bacteria. We investigated the source of a multistate CP-CRPA outbreak., Methods: Cases were defined as a US patient's first isolation of P. aeruginosa sequence type 1203 with carbapenemase gene blaVIM-80 and cephalosporinase gene blaGES-9 from any specimen source collected and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 1 January 2022-15 May 2023. We conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study at the post-acute care facility with the most cases, assessed exposures associated with case status for all case-patients, and tested products for bacterial contamination., Results: We identified 81 case-patients from 18 states, 27 of whom were identified through surveillance cultures. Four (7%) of 54 case-patients with clinical cultures died within 30 days of culture collection, and 4 (22%) of 18 with eye infections underwent enucleation. In the case-control study, case-patients had increased odds of receiving artificial tears versus controls (crude matched OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.1-22.8). Overall, artificial tears use was reported by 61 (87%) of 70 case-patients with information; 43 (77%) of 56 case-patients with brand information reported use of Brand A, an imported, preservative-free, over-the-counter (OTC) product. Bacteria isolated from opened and unopened bottles of Brand A were genetically related to patient isolates. Food and Drug Administration inspection of the manufacturing plant identified likely sources of contamination., Conclusions: A manufactured medical product serving as the vehicle for carbapenemase-producing organisms is unprecedented in the United States. The clinical impacts from this outbreak underscore the need for improved requirements for US OTC product importers., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. M. M. and L. E. S. report support for attending meetings or travel from the APHL CSTE. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024.)

Published
2024
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35. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance patterns among Staphylococcus aureus in the United States, 2012-2018.

Author

Ham DC, Fike L, Wolford H, Lastinger L, Soe M, Baggs J, and Walters MS

Subjects
Humans, United States, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination, Staphylococcus aureus, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy
Abstract

We reviewed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole antibiotic susceptibility testing data among Staphylococcus aureus using 3 national inpatient databases. In all 3 databases, we observed an increases in the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that were not susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Providers should select antibiotic regimens based on local resistance patterns and should report changes to the public health department.

Published
2023
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