32 results on '"Haltigin, Timothy"'
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2. The CanMars Mars Sample Return analogue mission
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Osinski, Gordon R., Battler, Melissa, Caudill, Christy M., Francis, Raymond, Haltigin, Timothy, Hipkin, Victoria J., Kerrigan, Mary, Pilles, Eric A., Pontefract, Alexandra, Tornabene, Livio L., Allard, Pierre, Bakambu, Joseph N., Balachandran, Katiyayni, Beaty, David W., Bednar, Daniel, Bina, Arya, Bourassa, Matthew, Cao, Fenge, Christoffersen, Peter, Choe, Byung-Hun, Cloutis, Edward, Cote, Kristen, Cross, Matthew, D'Aoust, Bianca, Draz, Omar, Dudley, Bryce, Duff, Shamus, Dzamba, Tom, Fulford, Paul, Godin, Etienne, Goordial, Jackie, Grau Galofre, Anna, Haid, Taylor, Harrington, Elise, Harrison, Tanya, Hawkswell, Jordan, Hickson, Dylan, Hill, Patrick, Innis, Liam, King, Derek, Kissi, Jonathan, Laughton, Joshua, Li, Yaozhu, Lymer, Elizabeth, Maggiori, Catherine, Maloney, Matthew, Marion, Cassandra L., Maris, John, Mcfadden, Sarah, McLennan, Scott M., Mittelholz, Anna, Morse, Zachary, Newman, Jennifer, O'Callaghan, Jonathan, Pascual, Alexis, Patel, Parshati, Picard, Martin, Pritchard, Ian, Poitras, Jordan T., Ryan, Catheryn, Sapers, Haley, Silber, Elizabeth A., Simpson, Sarah, Sopoco, Racel, Svensson, Matthew, Tolometti, Gavin, Uribe, Diego, Wilks, Rebecca, Williford, Kenneth H., Xie, Tianqi, and Zylberman, William
- Published
- 2019
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3. Sublimation-Type Polygon
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Haltigin, Timothy, Hargitai, Henrik, editor, and Kereszturi, Ákos, editor
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- 2015
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4. Ongoing Activities for the Planned Canadian OSIRIS-REx Sample Curation Facility
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Hill, Patrick, primary, Morisset, Caroline-Emmanuelle, additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Routhier, Stéphane, additional, and Grenier, Rémy, additional
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- 2023
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5. Lunar ground penetrating radar: Minimizing potential data artifacts caused by signal interaction with a rover body
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Angelopoulos, Michael, Redman, David, Pollard, Wayne H., Haltigin, Timothy W., and Dietrich, Peter
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- 2014
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6. Final report of the MSR Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2)
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Meyer, Michael A, Kminek, Gerhard, Beaty, David W, Carrier, Brandi Lee, Haltigin, Timothy, Hays, Lindsay E, Agee, Carl B., Busemann, Henner, Cavalazzi, Barbara, Cockell, Charles S., Debaille, Vinciane, Glavin, Daniel P., Grady, Monica M., Hauber, Ernst, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, Bernard, McCubbin, Francis M., Pratt, Lisa M, Regberg, Aaron B., Smith, Alvin L, Smith, Caroline L, Summons, Roger E., Swindle, Timothy D, Tait, Kimberly T, Tosca, Nicholas J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael A., Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Westall, Frances, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, NASA Headquarters, European Space Agency (ESA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Meyer M. A., Kminek G., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Cockell C. S., Debaille V., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Hutzler A., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith A. L., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Tosca N. J., Udry A., Usui T., Velbel M. A., Wadhwa M., Westall F., and Zorzano M. -P.
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign - Abstract
International audience; The Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign must meet a series of scientific and technical achievements to be successful. While the respective engineering responsibilities to retrieve the samples have been formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding between ESA and NASA, the roles and responsibilities of the scientific elements have yet to be fully defined. In April 2020, ESA and NASA jointly chartered the MSR Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) to build upon previous planning efforts in defining 1) an end-to-end MSR Science Program and 2) needed functionalities and design requirements for an MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF). The challenges for the first samples brought from another planet include not only maintaining and providing samples in pristine condition for study, but also maintaining biological containment until the samples meet sample safety criteria for distribution outside of biocontainment. The MSPG2 produced six reports outlining 66 findings. Abbreviated versions of the five additional high-level MSPG2 summary findings are: Summary-1. A long-term NASA/ESA MSR Science Program, along with the necessary funding and human resources, will be required to accomplish the end-to-end scientific objectives of MSR. Summary-2. MSR curation will need to be done concurrently with Biosafety Level-4 containment. This would lead to complex first-of-a-kind curation implementations and require further technology development. Summary-3. Most aspects of MSR sample science can, and should, be performed on samples deemed safe in laboratories outside of the SRF. However, other aspects of MSR sample science are both time-sensitive and sterilization-sensitive and would need to be carried out in the SRF. Summary-4. To meet the unique science, curation, and planetary protection needs of MSR, substantial analytical and sample management capabilities would be required in an SRF. Summary-5. Because of the long lead-time for SRF design, construction, and certification, it is important that preparations begin immediately, even if there is delay in the return of samples.
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- 2022
7. Mars Sample Return (MSR): Planning for Returned Sample Science
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Kminek, Gerhard, primary, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, and Hays, Lindsay E., additional
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- 2022
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8. Planning Implications Related to Sterilization-Sensitive Science Investigations Associated with Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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Velbel, Michael A., primary, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi Lee, additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional
- Published
- 2022
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9. Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF)
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Tait, Kimberly T., primary, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional
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- 2022
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10. The Scientific Importance of Returning Airfall Dust as a Part of Mars Sample Return (MSR)
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Grady, Monica M., primary, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional
- Published
- 2022
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11. Rationale and Proposed Design for a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science Program
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Haltigin, Timothy, primary, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, and Westall, Frances, additional
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- 2022
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12. Science and Curation Considerations for the Design of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Receiving Facility (SRF)
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Carrier, Brandi L., primary, Beaty, David W., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agee, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional
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- 2022
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13. Final Report of the Mars Sample Return Science Planning Group 2 (MSPG2)
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Meyer, Michael A., primary, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Beaty, David W., additional, Carrier, Brandi L., additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E., additional, Agree, Carl B., additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Pratt, Lisa M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Smith, Alvin L., additional, Smith, Caroline L., additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D., additional, Tait, Kimberly T., additional, Tosca, Nicholas J., additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional
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- 2022
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14. Time-Sensitive Aspects of Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science
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Tosca, Nicholas J., Agee, Carl B., Cockell, Charles S., Glavin, Daniel P., Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, Bernard, McCubbin, Francis M., Regberg, Aaron B., Velbel, Michael A., Kminek, Gerhard, Meyer, Michael A., Beaty, David W., Carrier, Brandi L., Haltigin, Timothy, Hays, Lindsay E., Busemann, Henner, Cavalazzi, Barbara, Debaille, Vinciane, Grady, Monica M., Hauber, Ernst, and Pratt, Lisa M.
- Abstract
Samples returned from Mars would be placed under quarantine at a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) until they are considered safe to release to other laboratories for further study. The process of determining whether samples are safe for release, which may involve detailed analysis and/or sterilization, is expected to take several months. However, the process of breaking the sample tube seal and extracting the headspace gas will perturb local equilibrium conditions between gas and rock and set in motion irreversible processes that proceed as a function of time. Unless these time-sensitive processes are understood, planned for, and/or monitored during the quarantine period, scientific information expected from further analysis may be lost forever.At least four processes underpin the time-sensitivity of Mars returned sample science: (1) degradation of organic material of potential biological origin, (2) modification of sample headspace gas composition, (3) mineral-volatile exchange, and (4) oxidation/reduction of redox-sensitive materials. Available constraints on the timescales associated with these processes supports the conclusion that an SRF must have the capability to characterize attributes such as sample tube headspace gas composition, organic material of potential biological origin, as well as volatiles and their solid-phase hosts.Because most time-sensitive investigations are also sensitive to sterilization, these must be completed inside the SRF and on timescales of several months or less. To that end, we detail recommendations for how sample preparation and analysis could complete these investigations as efficiently as possible within an SRF. Finally, because constraints on characteristic timescales that define time-sensitivity for some processes are uncertain, future work should focus on: (1) quantifying the timescales of volatile exchange for core material physically and mineralogically similar to samples expected to be returned from Mars, and (2) identifying and developing stabilization or temporary storage strategies that mitigate volatile exchange until analysis can be completed., Astrobiology, 22 (S1), ISSN:1531-1074, ISSN:1557-8070
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- 2022
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15. Curation Facility for the Canadian Portion of the Bennu Sample from the OSIRIS-REx Mission
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Morisset, Caroline-Emmanuelle, primary, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Korotkine, Ilia, additional, and Grenier, Rémy, additional
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- 2022
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16. Time-Sensitive Aspects of Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science
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Tosca, Nicholas J., primary, Agee, Carl B., additional, Cockell, Charles S., additional, Glavin, Daniel P., additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Regberg, Aaron B., additional, Velbel, Michael A., additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, Meyer, Michael A, additional, Beaty, David W, additional, Carrier, Brandi Lee, additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Hays, Lindsay E, additional, Busemann, Henner, additional, Cavalazzi, Barbara, additional, Debaille, Vinciane, additional, Grady, Monica M., additional, Hauber, Ernst, additional, Pratt, Lisa M, additional, Smith, Alvin L, additional, Smith, Caroline L, additional, Summons, Roger E., additional, Swindle, Timothy D, additional, Tait, Kimberly T, additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, and Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional
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- 2021
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17. Sublimation-Type Polygon
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Haltigin, Timothy, primary
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- 2014
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18. Synergies between curation and research in sample return missions.
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Hutzler, Aurore, primary, Jones, Rhian, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Smith, Caroline, additional, Tait, Kimberly, additional, Carpenter, James, additional, Haltigin, Timothy, additional, Kminek, Gerhard, additional, and McDonald, Francesca, additional
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- 2021
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19. Predicting equilibrium scour-hole geometry near angled stream deflectors using a three-dimensional numerical flow model
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Haltigin, Timothy W., Biron, Pascale M., and Lapointe, Michel F.
- Subjects
Scour and fill (Geomorphology) -- Properties ,Rivers -- Remodeling and renovation ,Detectors -- Installation ,Technology installation instructions ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Science and technology - Abstract
Stream rehabilitation projects often involve the installation of instream structures such as flow deflectors. The objective of this study is to use the output of a three-dimensional numerically simulated flow field over a flat, predeformation bed to predict the planform extent of the equilibrium scour hole near stream deflectors of varying angles. It is shown that the upstream extent of the simulated flow separation zone determines the upstream limit of scour, whereas the lateral scour extent at the nose of the deflector is determined by the width of the separation zone. Further, scour depths are greatest in regions where strong downwelling (negative vertical velocity) exists, and the position of the local minimum dynamic pressure point in the simulated flow field defines the downstream limit of scouring. The results have implications for future design of habitat improvement structures where different angles and lengths of structures could potentially be tested prior to their implementation to determine the resultant scour geometry. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:8(983) CE Database subject headings: Fish habitats; Fish management; Scour; Abutments; Hydraulic structures; Restoration; Computational fluid dynamics technique.
- Published
- 2007
20. iMARS Phase 2
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Haltigin, Timothy, Lange, Christian, Mugnuolo, Raffaele, Smith, Caroline, and IMARS, Working Group
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520 Astronomy ,620 Engineering - Abstract
The International Mars Exploration Working Group (IMEWG) was formed in 1993 to provide a forum for the international coordination of Mars exploration. In 2007, IMEWG chartered the international Mars Architec-ture for the Return of Samples Working Group (iMARS WG), which produced a Phase 1 report in 2008 (iMARS, 2008). In 2014, IMEWG chartered an iMARS Phase 2 Working Group, comprising two panels of experts: (i) Engineering and (ii) Science/Earth Operations. Th e iMARS Phase 2 WG was tasked to provide: • A status report on planning for a Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign, building on missions and international developments achieved since the iMARS Phase 1 WG issued its report; and• Recommendations for progressing toward campaign implementation, including a proposed sample man-agement plan.Th is report presents the iMARS Phase 2 WG’s fi ndings. It details top-level campaign requirements that would meet stated science objectives and planetary protection constraints. It presents an updated reference MSR architecture, made of three fl ight elements and one ground element (termed the 3+1 architecture). It provides technical and programmatic justifi cations for this architecture and report also discusses alternatives to the ref-erence architecture. Th e WG also reports on the status of MSR technology developments conducted by several space agencies around the world, evidence of the willingness of major space stakeholders to invest in MSR implementation. Th is report elaborates on programmatic considerations relating to MSR, including campaign robustness, international coordination and decision-making, a provisional implementation timeline, and a pos-sible cost-sharing model. In this report, the WG presents:• A returned-sample management plan, including an organizational structure for an international Mars sample science institute that outlines roles and responsibilities of key members and describes sample return facility requirements;• A science implementation plan, covering preliminary sample examination fl ow, sample allocation pro-cess, and data policies; and• A Mars sample curation plan, including sample tracking and routing procedures, sample sterilization considerations, and long-term archiving recommendations.Th e WG’s key conclusions are that:• It is feasible to return scientifi cally selected samples from Mars in 2031/33 under the proposed mission architecture, technology development roadmap, and sample management plan. A successful campaign will depend on early and binding agreements for long-term commitments by participating organisations.• Returning samples from Mars will require a multidisciplinary approach. Scientifi c, safety and curatorial Executive Summary S-2A Draft Mission Architecture and Science Management Plan for the Return Samples from MarsS-3Executive SummaryPhase 2 Report of the International Mars Architecture for the Return of Samples (iMARS) Working Groupaspects of the campaign must each be considered and integrated when developing mission architec-ture and sample management structure.• While the Mars exploration community has made progress in understanding planetary protection implications of MSR and associated technology developments, important requirements and protocols remain to be further developed.Th e WG’s key recommendations are that:• To advance development of MSR architecture, interested international partners must declare their interests, defi ne a cooperation framework, and determine their contributions.• An internationally-tasked and -accepted planetary protection protocol for MSR should be produced as soon as possible, as this protocol will have technical and programmatic implications for the mission architecture.• MSR campaign partners should establish an international MSR Science Institute as part of the campaign’s governance structure upon approval to return samples from Mars.• Two key MSR enabling technologies, the Mars ascent vehicle and sample containment (“break-the-chain-of-contact”), require further investments to proceed with development.
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- 2018
21. The Canadian space agency planetary analogue materials suite
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Cloutis, Edward A., primary, Mann, Paul, additional, Izawa, Matthew R.M., additional, Applin, Daniel M., additional, Samson, Claire, additional, Kruzelecky, Roman, additional, Glotch, Timothy D., additional, Mertzman, Stanley A., additional, Mertzman, Karen R., additional, Haltigin, Timothy W., additional, and Fry, Christopher, additional
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- 2015
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22. iMARS <italic>Phase 2</italic>.
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Haltigin, Timothy, Lange, Christian, Mugnuolo, Raffaele, Smith, Caroline, iMARS Working Group (2016), Haltigin, Lange, Mugnolo, Smith, Amundsen, Bousquet, Conley, Debus, Dias, Falkner, Gass, Harri, Hauber, Ivanov, and Kminek
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MARTIAN exploration , *MARS (Planet) , *SPACE stations , *SPACE flight to Mars - Published
- 2018
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23. Geometric Evolution of Polygonal Terrain Networks in the Canadian High Arctic: Evidence of Increasing Regularity over Time
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Haltigin, Timothy W., primary, Pollard, Wayne H., additional, Dutilleul, Pierre, additional, and Osinski, Gordon R., additional
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- 2012
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24. Analysis of polygonal terrain landforms on Earth and Mars through spatial point patterns
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Dutilleul, Pierre, primary, Haltigin, Timothy W., additional, and Pollard, Wayne H., additional
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- 2009
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25. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow around stream deflectors: The effect of obstruction angle and length
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Haltigin, Timothy W, primary, Biron, Pascal M, additional, and Lapointe, Michel F, additional
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- 2007
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26. Assessing different methods of generating a three-dimensional numerical model mesh for a complex stream bed topography
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Biron, Pascale M., primary, Haltigin, Timothy W., additional, Hardy, Richard J., additional, and Lapointe, Michel F., additional
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- 2007
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27. (101955) BENNU'S GLOBAL DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL FROM THE OSIRIS-REX LASER ALTIMETER.
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Daly, Michael G., Barnouin, Olivier, Seabrook, Jeff, Al Asad, Manar, Perry, Mark, Palmer, Eric, Gaskell, Robert, Roberts, James, Johnson, Catherine, Haltigin, Timothy, Dickinson, Cameron, Walsh, Kevin, Weirich, John, Rizk, Bashar, D'Aubigny, Christian, Philpott, Lydia, Susorney, Hannah, Neumann, Gregory, Nolan, Michael C., and Scheeres, Daniel
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DIGITAL elevation models ,LASER altimeters - Published
- 2021
28. Geochemical profile of a layered outcrop in the Atacama analogue using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy: Implications for Curiosity investigations in Gale
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Sobron, Pablo, Lefebvre, Catherine, Leveille, Richard, Koujelev, Alex, Haltigin, Timothy, Du, Hongwei, Wang, Alian, Cabrol, Nathalie, Zacny, Kris, and Craft, Jack
- Abstract
We performed laboratory laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser Raman spectroscopy measurements on samples from a layered outcrop from the Atacama Desert, Chile. This outcrop is a terrestrial morphological and possibly mineralogical analogue for similar formations that will likely be investigated by the Curiosity rover at Gale Crater. Our results demonstrate that fast LIBS analysis can generate semiquantitative chemical profiles in subminute times using automated data processing tools. Therefore, the LIBS instrument can be an invaluable tactical tool on the Curiosity rover for remote, rapid geochemical survey of layered outcrops, thus serving daily operational needs. The derived chemical profiles, supported by the range of minerals identified by Raman spectroscopy, is consistent with the products of a continental evaporitic lake. In the framework of future surface exploration on Mars, a combined Raman/LIBS investigation may provide a rapid mineralogical/chemical evaluation of targets that can be useful for selecting samples to be eventually collected for sample return purposes or for selecting sample sites to be drilled in the search for astrobiology‐relevant species. Fast LIBS analysis generate semi‐quantitative chemical profilesLIBS is a tactical tool on MSL for remote, rapid survey of layered outcropsCombined Raman/LIBS provides mineralogical/chemical evaluation of targets
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- 2013
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29. Possible Strategies to Optimize Science Return from Martian Samples for the International Scientific Community: Science in Containment.
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Sefton-Nash, Elliot, Meyer, Michael A., Beaty, David W., Grady, Monica M., Haltigin, Timothy, Martin, Dayl, Marty, Bernard, Siljeström, Sandra, Stansbery, Eileen K., Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Carrier, Brandi L., Harrington, Andrea D., Liu, Yang, Bass, Deborah S., Mattingly, Richard L., and Gaubert, Francois
- Published
- 2019
30. Returning to the Moon with HERACLES: An ESA-JAXA-CSA Joint Study.
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Hiesinger, Harald, Landgraf, Markus, Carey, William, Karouji, Yuzuru, Haltigin, Timothy, Osinski, Gordon, Mall, Urs, and Hashizume, Ko
- Published
- 2019
31. The Scientific Importance of Returning Airfall Dust as a Part of Mars Sample Return (MSR)
- Author
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Grady, M., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Westall, F., Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Cockell, C., Debaille, V, Glavin, D P, Hauber, Ernst, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, Alvin, Smith, C., Tait, Kimberly, Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Zorzano, M.-P., The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), European Space Agency (ESA), NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Aberdeen, and Grady Monica M., Summons Roger E., Swindle Timothy D., Westall Frances, Kminek Gerhard, Meyer Michael A., Beaty David W., Carrier Brandi L., Haltigin Timothy, Hays Lindsay E., Agee Carl B., Busemann Henner, Cavalazzi Barbara, Cockell Charles S., Vinciane Debaille, Glavin Daniel P., Hauber Ernst, Hutzler Aurore, Marty Bernard, McCubbin Francis M., Pratt Lisa M., Regberg Aaron B., Smith Alvin L., Smith Caroline L., Tait Kimberly T., Tosca Nicholas J., Udry Arya, Usui Tomohiro, Velbel Michael A., Wadhwa Meenakshi, Zorzano Maria-Paz
- Subjects
geology ,Extraterrestrial Environment ,MSR Sample Receiving Facility, MSR Campaign elements ,surface-atmosphere interaction ,Atmosphere ,Earth, Planet ,Mars ,Dust ,sample return ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,MSR Campaign ,Space and Planetary Science ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Humans ,samples ,global circulation ,mineralogy ,surface processes ,laboratory analysis - Abstract
International audience; Dust transported in the martian atmosphere is of intrinsic scientific interest and has relevance for the planning of human missions in the future. The MSR Campaign, as currently designed, presents an important opportunity to return serendipitous, airfall dust. The tubes containing samples collected by the Perseverance rover would be placed in cache depots on the martian surface perhaps as early as 2023-24 for recovery by a subsequent mission no earlier than 2028-29, and possibly as late as 2030-31. Thus, the sample tube surfaces could passively collect dust for multiple years. This dust is deemed to be exceptionally valuable as it would inform our knowledge and understanding of Mars' global mineralogy, surface processes, surface-atmosphere interactions, and atmospheric circulation. Preliminary calculations suggest that the total mass of such dust on a full set of tubes could be as much as 100 mg and, therefore, sufficient for many types of laboratory analyses. Two planning steps would optimize our ability to take advantage of this opportunity: (1) the dust-covered sample tubes should be loaded into the Orbiting Sample container (OS) with minimal cleaning and (2) the capability to recover this dust early in the workflow within an MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) would need to be established. A further opportunity to advance dust/atmospheric science using MSR, depending upon the design of the MSR Campaign elements, may lie with direct sampling and the return of airborne dust.
- Published
- 2021
32. Time-Sensitive Aspects of Mars Sample Return (MSR) Science.
- Author
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Tosca NJ, Agee CB, Cockell CS, Glavin DP, Hutzler A, Marty B, McCubbin FM, Regberg AB, Velbel MA, Kminek G, Meyer MA, Beaty DW, Carrier BL, Haltigin T, Hays LE, Busemann H, Cavalazzi B, Debaille V, Grady MM, Hauber E, Pratt LM, Smith AL, Smith CL, Summons RE, Swindle TD, Tait KT, Udry A, Usui T, Wadhwa M, Westall F, and Zorzano MP
- Subjects
- Clay, Exobiology methods, Extraterrestrial Environment, Gases, Minerals, Sulfates, Mars, Space Flight
- Abstract
Samples returned from Mars would be placed under quarantine at a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) until they are considered safe to release to other laboratories for further study. The process of determining whether samples are safe for release, which may involve detailed analysis and/or sterilization, is expected to take several months. However, the process of breaking the sample tube seal and extracting the headspace gas will perturb local equilibrium conditions between gas and rock and set in motion irreversible processes that proceed as a function of time. Unless these time-sensitive processes are understood, planned for, and/or monitored during the quarantine period, scientific information expected from further analysis may be lost forever. At least four processes underpin the time-sensitivity of Mars returned sample science: (1) degradation of organic material of potential biological origin, (2) modification of sample headspace gas composition, (3) mineral-volatile exchange, and (4) oxidation/reduction of redox-sensitive materials. Available constraints on the timescales associated with these processes supports the conclusion that an SRF must have the capability to characterize attributes such as sample tube headspace gas composition, organic material of potential biological origin, as well as volatiles and their solid-phase hosts. Because most time-sensitive investigations are also sensitive to sterilization, these must be completed inside the SRF and on timescales of several months or less. To that end, we detail recommendations for how sample preparation and analysis could complete these investigations as efficiently as possible within an SRF. Finally, because constraints on characteristic timescales that define time-sensitivity for some processes are uncertain, future work should focus on: (1) quantifying the timescales of volatile exchange for core material physically and mineralogically similar to samples expected to be returned from Mars, and (2) identifying and developing stabilization or temporary storage strategies that mitigate volatile exchange until analysis can be completed. Executive Summary Any samples returned from Mars would be placed under quarantine at a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) until it can be determined that they are safe to release to other laboratories for further study. The process of determining whether samples are safe for release, which may involve detailed analysis and/or sterilization, is expected to take several months. However, the process of breaking the sample tube seal and extracting the headspace gas would perturb local equilibrium conditions between gas and rock and set in motion irreversible processes that proceed as a function of time. Unless these processes are understood, planned for, and/or monitored during the quarantine period, scientific information expected from further analysis may be lost forever . Specialist members of the Mars Sample Return Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG-2), referred to here as the Time-Sensitive Focus Group, have identified four processes that underpin the time-sensitivity of Mars returned sample science: (1) degradation of organic material of potential biological origin, (2) modification of sample headspace gas composition, (3) mineral-volatile exchange, and (4) oxidation/reduction of redox-sensitive materials (Figure 2). Consideration of the timescales and the degree to which these processes jeopardize scientific investigations of returned samples supports the conclusion that an SRF must have the capability to characterize: (1) sample tube headspace gas composition, (2) organic material of potential biological origin, (3) volatiles bound to or within minerals, and (4) minerals or other solids that host volatiles (Table 4). Most of the investigations classified as time-sensitive in this report are also sensitive to sterilization by either heat treatment and/or gamma irradiation (Velbel et al., 2022). Therefore, these investigations must be completed inside biocontainment and on timescales that minimize the irrecoverable loss of scientific information (i.e., several months or less; Section 5) . To that end, the Time-Sensitive Focus Group has outlined a number of specific recommendations for sample preparation and instrumentation in order to complete these investigations as efficiently as possible within an SRF (Table 5). Constraints on the characteristic timescales that define time-sensitivity for different processes can range from relatively coarse to uncertain (Section 4). Thus, future work should focus on: (1) quantifying the timescales of volatile exchange for variably lithified core material physically and mineralogically similar to samples expected to be returned from Mars, and (2) identifying and developing stabilization strategies or temporary storage strategies that mitigate volatile exchange until analysis can be completed. List of Findings FINDING T-1: Aqueous phases, and oxidants liberated by exposure of the sample to aqueous phases, mediate and accelerate the degradation of critically important but sensitive organic compounds such as DNA. FINDING T-2: Warming samples increases reaction rates and destroys compounds making biological studies much more time-sensitive. MAJOR FINDING T-3: Given the potential for rapid degradation of biomolecules, (especially in the presence of aqueous phases and/or reactive O-containing compounds) Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP) and parallel biological analysis are time sensitive and must be carried out as soon as possible. FINDING T-4: If molecules or whole cells from either extant or extinct organisms have persisted under present-day martian conditions in the samples, then it follows that preserving sample aliquots under those same conditions ( i.e., 6 mbar total pressure in a dominantly CO
2 atmosphere and at an average temperature of -80° C) in a small isolation chamber is likely to allow for their continued persistence. FINDING T-5: Volatile compounds ( e.g., HCN and formaldehyde) have been lost from Solar System materials stored under standard curation conditions. FINDING T-6: Reactive O-containing species have been identified in situ at the martian surface and so may be present in rock or regolith samples returned from Mars. These species rapidly degrade organic molecules and react more rapidly as temperature and humidity increase. FINDING T-7: Because the sample tubes would not be closed with perfect seals and because, after arrival on Earth, there will be a large pressure gradient across that seal such that the probability of contamination of the tube interiors by terrestrial gases increases with time, the as-received sample tubes are considered a poor choice for long-term gas sample storage. This is an important element of time sensitivity. MAJOR FINDING T-8: To determine how volatiles may have been exchanged with headspace gas during transit to Earth, the composition of martian atmosphere (in a separately sealed reservoir and/or extracted from the witness tubes), sample headspace gas composition, temperature/time history of the samples, and mineral composition (including mineral-bound volatiles) must all be quantified. When the sample tube seal is breached, mineral-bound volatile loss to the curation atmosphere jeopardizes robust determination of volatile exchange history between mineral and headspace. FINDING T-9: Previous experiments with mineral powders show that sulfate minerals are susceptible to H2 O loss over timescales of hours to days. In addition to volatile loss, these processes are accompanied by mineralogical transformation. Thus, investigations targeting these minerals should be considered time-sensitive. FINDING T-10: Sulfate minerals may be stabilized by storage under fixed relative-humidity conditions, but only if the identity of the sulfate phase(s) is known a priori . In addition, other methods such as freezing may also stabilize these minerals against volatile loss. FINDING T-11: Hydrous perchlorate salts are likely to undergo phase transitions and volatile exchange with ambient surroundings in hours to days under temperature and relative humidity ranges typical of laboratory environments. However, the exact timescale over which these processes occur is likely a function of grain size, lithification, and/or cementation. FINDING T-12: Nanocrystalline or X-ray amorphous materials are typically stabilized by high proportions of surface adsorbed H2 O. Because this surface adsorbed H2 O is weakly bound compared to bulk materials, nanocrystalline materials are likely to undergo irreversible ripening reactions in response to volatile loss, which in turn results in decreases in specific surface area and increases in crystallinity. These reactions are expected to occur over the timescale of weeks to months under curation conditions. Therefore, the crystallinity and specific surface area of nanocrystalline materials should be characterized and monitored within a few months of opening the sample tubes. These are considered time-sensitive measurements that must be made as soon as possible. FINDING T-13: Volcanic and impact glasses, as well as opal-CT, are metastable in air and susceptible to alteration and volatile exchange with other solid phases and ambient headspace. However, available constraints indicate that these reactions are expected to proceed slowly under typical laboratory conditions ( i.e., several years) and so analyses targeting these materials are not considered time sensitive. FINDING T-14: Surface adsorbed and interlayer-bound H2 O in clay minerals is susceptible to exchange with ambient surroundings at timescales of hours to days, although the timescale may be modified depending on the degree of lithification or cementation. Even though structural properties of clay minerals remain unaffected during this process (with the exception of the interlayer spacing), investigations targeting H2 O or other volatiles bound on or within clay minerals should be considered time sensitive upon opening the sample tube. FINDING T-15: Hydrated Mg-carbonates are susceptible to volatile loss and recrystallization and transformation over timespans of months or longer, though this timescale may be modified by the degree of lithification and cementation. Investigations targeting hydrated carbonate minerals (either the volatiles they host or their bulk mineralogical properties) should be considered time sensitive upon opening the sample tube. MAJOR FINDING T-16: Current understanding of mineral-volatile exchange rates and processes is largely derived from monomineralic experiments and systems with high surface area; lithified sedimentary rocks (accounting for some, but not all, of the samples in the cache) will behave differently in this regard and are likely to be associated with longer time constants controlled in part by grain boundary diffusion. Although insufficient information is available to quantify this at the present time, the timescale of mineral-volatile exchange in lithified samples is likely to overlap with the sample processing and curation workflow ( i.e., 1-10 months; Table 4). This underscores the need to prioritize measurements targeting mineral-hosted volatiles within biocontainment. FINDING T-17: The liberation of reactive O-species through sample treatment or processing involving H2 O ( e.g., rinsing, solvent extraction, particle size separation in aqueous solution, or other chemical extraction or preparation protocols) is likely to result in oxidation of some component of redox-sensitive materials in a matter of hours. The presence of reactive O-species should be examined before sample processing steps that seek to preserve or target redox-sensitive minerals. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is one example of an effective analytical method capable of detecting and characterizing the presence of reactive O-species. FINDING T-18: Environments that maintain anoxia under inert gas containing <<1 ppm O2 are likely to stabilize redox-sensitive minerals over timescales of several years. MAJOR FINDING T-19: MSR investigations targeting organic macromolecular or cellular material, mineral-bound volatile compounds, redox sensitive minerals, and/or hydrous carbonate minerals can become compromised at the timescale of weeks (after opening the sample tube), and scientific information may be completely lost within a time timescale of a few months. Because current considerations indicate that completion of SSAP, sample sterilization, and distribution to investigator laboratories cannot be completed in this time, these investigations must be completed within the Sample Receiving Facility as soon as possible.- Published
- 2022
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