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1. Solar flare observations with the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G)

Author: Agarwal, S., Aguilar, J. A., Ali, S., Allison, P., Betts, M., Besson, D., Bishop, A., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Cataldo, M., Clark, B. A., Coleman, A., Couberly, K., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Glaser, C., Glüsenkamp, T., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Henrichs, J., Heyer, N., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Korntheuer, M., Kowalski, M., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Laub, P., Liu, C. -H., Marsee, M. J., Meyers, Z. S., Mikhailova, M., Monstein, C., Mulrey, K., Muzio, M., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Punsuebsay, N., Pyras, L., Ravn, M., Ryckbosch, D., Schlüter, F., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Seikh, M. F. H., Stoffels, J., Terveer, K., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Vijai, A., Welling, C., Williams, D. R., Windischhofer, P., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Radio Neutrino Observatory - Greenland (RNO-G) seeks discovery of ultra-high energy neutrinos from the cosmos through their interactions in ice. The science program extends beyond particle astrophysics to include radioglaciology and, as we show herein, solar observations, as well. Currently seven of 35 planned radio-receiver stations (24 antennas/station) are operational. These stations are sensitive to impulsive radio signals with frequencies between 80 and 700 MHz and feature a neutrino trigger threshold for recording data close to the thermal floor. RNO-G can also trigger on elevated signals from the Sun, resulting in nanosecond resolution time-domain flare data; such temporal resolution is significantly shorter than from most dedicated solar observatories. In addition to possible RNO-G solar flare polarization measurements, the Sun also represents an extremely useful above-surface calibration source. Using RNO-G data recorded during the summers of 2022 and 2023, we find signal excesses during solar flares reported by the solar-observing Callisto network and also in coincidence with $\sim$2/3 of the brightest excesses recorded by the SWAVES satellite. These observed flares are characterized by significant time-domain impulsivity. Using the known position of the Sun, the flare sample is used to calibrate the RNO-G absolute pointing on the radio signal arrival direction to sub-degree resolution. We thus establish the Sun as a regularly observed astronomical calibration source to provide the accurate absolute pointing required for neutrino astronomy.
Published: 2024
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2. Results of the follow-up of ANTARES neutrino alerts

Author: Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Becherini, Y., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzas, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carenini, F., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A. S. M., Díaz, A. F., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Hedri, S. El, Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gagliardini, S., García, J., Oliver, C. Gatius, Gay, P., Geißelbrecht, N., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Haegel, L., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Lazo, A., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Oukacha, E., Pāun, A., Pāvālas, G. E., Peña-Martínez, S., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Saina, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Vannoye, G., Van Elewyck, V., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Lipunov, V., Antipov, G., Balanutsa, P., Buckley, D., Budnev, N., Chasovnikov, A., Cheryasov, D., Francile, C., Gabovich, A., Gorbovskoy, E., Gorbunov, I., Gress, O., Kornilov, V., Kuznetsov, A., Iyudin, A., Podesta, R., Podesta, F., Lopez, R. Rebolo, Senik, V., Sierra-Rucart, M., Svertilov, S., Tiurina, N., Vlasenko, D., Yashin, I., Zhirkov, K., Croft, S., Kaplan, D. L., Anderson, G. E., Williams, A., Dobie, D., Bannister, K. W., Hancock, P. J., Evans, P. A., Kennea, J. A., Osborne, J. P., Cenko, S. B., Antier, S., Atteia, J. L., Boër, M., Klotz, A., Chaty, S., Hodapp, K., and Savchenko, V.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: High-energy neutrinos could be produced in the interaction of charged cosmic rays with matter or radiation surrounding astrophysical sources. To look for transient sources associated with neutrino emission, a follow-up program of neutrino alerts has been operating within the ANTARES Collaboration since 2009. This program, named TAToO, has triggered robotic optical telescopes (MASTER, TAROT, ROTSE and the SVOM ground based telescopes) immediately after the detection of any relevant neutrino candidate and scheduled several observations in the weeks following the detection. A subset of ANTARES events with highest probabilities of being of cosmic origin has also been followed by the Swift and the INTEGRAL satellites, the Murchison Widefield Array radio telescope and the H.E.S.S. high-energy gamma-ray telescope. The results of twelve years of observations are reported. No optical counterpart has been significantly associated with an ANTARES candidate neutrino signal during image analysis. Constraints on transient neutrino emission have been set. In September 2015, ANTARES issued a neutrino alert and during the follow-up, a potential transient counterpart was identified by Swift and MASTER. A multi-wavelength follow-up campaign has allowed to identify the nature of this source and has proven its fortuitous association with the neutrino. The return of experience is particularly important for the design of the alert system of KM3NeT, the next generation neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea., Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, submitted to JCAP
Published: 2024

3. Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. J., Aublin, J, Baret, B., Basa, S., Becherini, Y., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carenini, F., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A. S. M., Díaz, A. F., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Hedri, S. El, Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gagliardini, S., García, J., Oliver, C. Gatius, Gay, P., Geißelbrecht, N., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Haegel, L., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kovalev, Y. A, Kovalev, Y. Y, Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Lazo, A., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Oukacha, E., Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Peña-Martínez, S., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Plavin, A., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pushkarev, A., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Saina, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Troitsky, S., Vallage, B., Vannoye, G., Van Elewyck, V., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Collaboration, OVRO, Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Liodakis, I., Pavlidou, V., and Readhead, A. C. S
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Active galaxies, especially blazars, are among the most promising neutrino source candidates. To date, ANTARES searches for these objects considered GeV-TeV $\gamma$-ray bright blazars. Here, a statistically complete radio-bright blazar sample is used as the target for searches of origins of neutrinos collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope over 13 years of operation. The hypothesis of a neutrino-blazar directional correlation is tested by pair counting and by a complementary likelihood-based approach. The resulting post-trial $p$-value is $3.0\%$ ($2.2\sigma$ in the two-sided convention), possibly indicating a correlation. Additionally, a time-dependent analysis is performed to search for temporal clustering of neutrino candidates as a mean of detecting neutrino flares in blazars. None of the investigated sources alone reaches a significant flare detection level. However, the presence of 18 sources with a pre-trial significance above $3\sigma$ indicates a $p=1.4\%$ ($2.5\sigma$ in the two-sided convention) detection of a time-variable neutrino flux. An \textit{a posteriori} investigation reveals an intriguing temporal coincidence of neutrino, radio, and $\gamma$-ray flares of the J0242+1101 blazar at a $p=0.5\%$ ($2.9\sigma$ in the two-sided convention) level. Altogether, the results presented here suggest a possible connection of neutrino candidates detected by the ANTARES telescope with radio-bright blazars.
Published: 2023
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4. The IceCube-Gen2 Collaboration -- Contributions to the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023)

Author: IceCube-Gen2, Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Agarwalla, S. K., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Alameddine, J. M., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Ashida, Y., Athanasiadou, S., Audehm, J., Axani, S. N., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Baricevic, M., Barwick, S. W., Basu, V., Bay, R., Tjus, J. Becker, Beise, J., Bellenghi, C., Benning, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Bishop, A., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohmer, M., Bontempo, F., Book, J. Y., Borowka, J., Meneguolo, C. Boscolo, Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bouma, S., Bourbeau, E., Braun, J., Brinson, B., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burley, R. T., Busse, R. S., Butterfield, D., Campana, M. A., Carloni, K., Carnie-Bronca, E. G., Cataldo, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chau, N., Chen, C., Chen, Z., Chirkin, D., Choi, S., Clark, B. A., Clark, R., Classen, L., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Cowen, D. F., Dasgupta, B., Dave, P., Deaconu, C., De Clercq, C., De Kockere, S., DeLaunay, J. J., Delgado, D., Deng, S., Deoskar, K., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., DeYoung, T., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dittmer, M., Domi, A., Dujmovic, H., DuVernois, M. A., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Ellinger, E., Mentawi, S. El, Elsässer, D., Engel, R., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evans, J. J., Evenson, P. A., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Farrag, K., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feigl, N., Fiedlschuster, S., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Flaggs, B., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Fritz, A., Fujii, T., Fürst, P., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Gerhardt, L., Gernhaeuser, R., Ghadimi, A., Giri, P., Glaser, C., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goehlke, N., Goswami, S., Grant, D., Gray, S. J., Gries, O., Griffin, S., Griswold, S., Guevel, D., Günther, C., Gutjahr, P., Haack, C., Azim, T. Haji, Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Hallmann, S., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hamdaoui, H., Minh, M. Ha, Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Hatch, P., Haugen, J., Haungs, A., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hellrung, J., Hendricks, B., Henningsen, F., Henrichs, J., Heuermann, L., Heyer, N., Hickford, S., Hidvegi, A., Hignight, J., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Holzapfel, K., Hori, S., Hoshina, K., Hou, W., Huber, T., Huege, T., Hughes, K., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., Hymon, K., In, S., Ishihara, A., Jacquart, M., Janik, O., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jin, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kalekin, O., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Kardum, L., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katori, T., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Kelley, J. L., Zathul, A. Khatee, Kheirandish, A., Kiryluk, J., Klein, S. R., Kobayashi, T., Kochocki, A., Kolanoski, H., Kontrimas, T., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Kozynets, T., Krauss, C. B., Kravchenko, I., Krishnamoorthi, J., Krupczak, E., Kumar, A., Kun, E., Kurahashi, N., Lad, N., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Larson, M. J., Latseva, S., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Lee, J. W., DeHolton, K. Leonard, Leszczyńska, A., Lincetto, M., Liu, Q. R., Liubarska, M., Lohan, M., Lohfink, E., LoSecco, J., Love, C., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Lyu, Y., Madsen, J., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mancina, S., Mandalia, S., Sainte, W. Marie, Mariş, I. C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Marsee, M., Martinez-Soler, I., Maruyama, R., Mayhew, F., McElroy, T., McNally, F., Mead, J. V., Meagher, K., Mechbal, S., Medina, A., Meier, M., Merckx, Y., Merten, L., Meyers, Z., Micallef, J., Mikhailova, M., Mitchell, J., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morii, Y., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Mukherjee, T., Naab, R., Nagai, R., Nakos, M., Narayan, A., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Negi, A., Nelles, A., Neumann, M., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Noell, A., Novikov, A., Nowicki, S. C., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, O'Dell, V., Oehler, M., Oeyen, B., Olivas, A., Ørsøe, R., Osborn, J., O'Sullivan, E., Papp, L., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Petersen, T. C., Peterson, J., Philippen, S., Pieper, S., Pinfold, J. L., Pizzuto, A., Plaisier, I., Plum, M., Pontén, A., Popovych, Y., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Pries, B., Procter-Murphy, R., Przybylski, G. T., Pyras, L., Rack-Helleis, J., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Rechav, Z., Rehman, A., Reichherzer, P., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Riedel, B., Riegel, M., Rifaie, A., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Rodan, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Safa, I., Saffer, J., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sampathkumar, P., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandstrom, P., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Savelberg, J., Savina, P., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schindler, S., Schlickmann, L., Schlüter, B., Schlüter, F., Schmeisser, N., Schmidt, T., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Schwefer, G., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seikh, M., Seunarine, S., Shaevitz, M. H., Shah, R., Sharma, A., Shefali, S., Shimizu, N., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smith, D., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Søgaard, A., Soldin, D., Soldin, P., Sommani, G., Southall, D., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stezelberger, T., Stoffels, J., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Taketa, A., Tanaka, H. K. M., Ter-Antonyan, S., Thiesmeyer, M., Thompson, W. G., Thwaites, J., Tilav, S., Tollefson, K., Tönnis, C., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tsunesada, Y., Tung, C. F., Turcotte, R., Twagirayezu, J. P., Ty, B., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Upadhyay, A. K., Upshaw, K., Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Vara, J., Veberic, D., Veitch-Michaelis, J., Venugopal, M., Verpoest, S., Vieregg, A., Vijai, A., Walck, C., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weldert, J., Welling, C., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Willey, N., Williams, D. R., Wissel, S., Witthaus, L., Wolf, A., Wolf, M., Wörner, G., Wrede, G., Wren, S., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yildizci, E., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Yu, F., Yu, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Zhelnin, P., Zierke, S., and Zimmerman, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: IceCube-Gen2 is a planned next-generation neutrino observatory at the South Pole that builds upon the successful design of IceCube. Integrating two complementary detection technologies for neutrinos, optical and radio Cherenkov emission, in combination with a surface array for cosmic ray air shower detection, IceCube-Gen2 will cover a broad neutrino energy range from MeV to EeV. This index of contributions to the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Nagoya, Japan (July 26 - August 3, 2023) describes research and development efforts for IceCube-Gen2. Included are summaries of the design, status, and sensitivity of the IceCube-Gen2 optical, surface, and radio components; performance studies of next-generation optical sensors detecting optical Cherenkov radiation from cosmic ray and neutrino events; reconstruction techniques of radio and optical events in terms of energy, direction, and neutrino flavor; and sensitivity studies of astrophysical neutrino flavors, diffuse neutrino fluxes, and cosmic ray anisotropies. Contributions related to IceCube and the scheduled IceCube Upgrade are available in a separate collection., Comment: To access the list of contributions, please follow the "HTML" link. Links to individual contributions will fill in as authors upload their material
Published: 2023

5. Precision measurement of the index of refraction of deep glacial ice at radio frequencies at Summit Station, Greenland

Author: Aguilar, J. A., Allison, P., Besson, D., Bishop, A., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Castiglioni, W., Cataldo, M., Clark, B. A., Coleman, A., Couberly, K., Curtis-Ginsberg, Z., Dasgupta, P., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Eimer, A., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Henrichs, J., Heyer, N., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Korntheuer, M., Kowalski, M., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Lehmann, P., Latif, U., Laub, P., Liu, C. H., Mammo, J., Marsee, M. J., Meyers, Z. S., Michaels, K., Mulrey, K., Muzio, M., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Plaisier, I., Punsuebsay, N., Pyras, L., Ryckbosch, D., Schlüter, F., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Seikh, M. F. H., Smith, D., Stoffels, J., Southall, D., Terveer, K., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Vischer, J. Z., Welling, C., Williams, D. R., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Glacial ice is used as a target material for the detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos, by measuring the radio signals that are emitted when those neutrinos interact in the ice. Thanks to the large attenuation length at radio frequencies, these signals can be detected over distances of several kilometers. One experiment taking advantage of this is the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G), currently under construction at Summit Station, near the apex of the Greenland ice sheet. These experiments require a thorough understanding of the dielectric properties of ice at radio frequencies. Towards this goal, calibration campaigns have been undertaken at Summit, during which we recorded radio reflections off internal layers in the ice sheet. Using data from the nearby GISP2 and GRIP ice cores, we show that these reflectors can be associated with features in the ice conductivity profiles; we use this connection to determine the index of refraction of the bulk ice as n=1.778 +/- 0.006.
Published: 2023

6. Search for neutrino counterparts to the gravitational wave sources from LIGO/Virgo O3 run with the ANTARES detector

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Becherini, Y., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carenini, F., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A. S. M., Díaz, A. F., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Hedri, S. El, Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gagliardini, S., García, J., Oliver, C. Gatius, Gay, P., Geißelbrecht, N., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Haegel, L., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Lazo, A., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Saina, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Vannoye, G., Van Elewyck, V., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Since 2015 the LIGO and Virgo interferometers have detected gravitational waves from almost one hundred coalescences of compact objects (black holes and neutron stars). This article presents the results of a search performed with data from the ANTARES telescope to identify neutrino counterparts to the gravitational wave sources detected during the third LIGO/Virgo observing run and reported in the catalogues GWTC-2, GWTC-2.1, and GWTC-3. This search is sensitive to all-sky neutrinos of all flavours and of energies $>100$ GeV, thanks to the inclusion of both track-like events (mainly induced by $\nu_\mu$ charged-current interactions) and shower-like events (induced by other interaction types). Neutrinos are selected if they are detected within $\pm 500$ s from the GW merger and with a reconstructed direction compatible with its sky localisation. No significant excess is found for any of the 80 analysed GW events, and upper limits on the neutrino emission are derived. Using the information from the GW catalogues and assuming isotropic emission, upper limits on the total energy $E_{\rm tot, \nu}$ emitted as neutrinos of all flavours and on the ratio $f_\nu = E_{\rm tot, \nu}/E_{\rm GW}$ between neutrino and GW emissions are also computed. Finally, a stacked analysis of all the 72 binary black hole mergers (respectively the 7 neutron star - black hole merger candidates) has been performed to constrain the typical neutrino emission within this population, leading to the limits: $E_{\rm tot, \nu} < 4.0 \times 10^{53}$ erg and $f_\nu < 0.15$ (respectively, $E_{\rm tot, \nu} < 3.2 \times 10^{53}$ erg and $f_\nu < 0.88$) for $E^{-2}$ spectrum and isotropic emission. Other assumptions including softer spectra and non-isotropic scenarios have also been tested., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2023
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7. Hint for a TeV neutrino emission from the Galactic Ridge with ANTARES

Author: Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Becherini, Y., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carenini, F., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Hedri, S. El, Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fasano, M., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gagliardini, S., García, J., Oliver, C. Gatius, Gay, P., Geißelbrecht, N., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Haegel, L., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Lazo, A., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Neronov, A., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Saina, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Savchenko, D., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Vannoye, G., Van Elewyck, V., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Interactions of cosmic ray protons, atomic nuclei, and electrons in the interstellar medium in the inner part of the Milky Way produce a $\gamma$-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge. If the $\gamma$-ray emission is dominated by proton and nuclei interactions, a neutrino flux comparable to the $\gamma$-ray flux is expected from the same sky region. Data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope are used to constrain the neutrino flux from the Galactic Ridge in the 1-100 TeV energy range. Neutrino events reconstructed both as tracks and showers are considered in the analysis and the selection is optimized for the search of an excess in the region $|l| < 30\deg$, $|b| < 2\deg$. The expected background in the search region is estimated using an off-zone region with similar sky coverage. Neutrino signal originating from a power-law spectrum with spectral index ranging from $\Gamma_\nu=1$ to $4$ is simulated in both channels. The observed energy distributions are fitted to constrain the neutrino emission from the Ridge. The energy distributions in the signal region are inconsistent with the background expectation at $\sim 96\%$ confidence level. The mild excess over the background is consistent with a neutrino flux with a power law with a spectral index $2.45^{+0.22}_{-0.34}$ and a flux normalization $dN_\nu/dE_\nu = 4.0^{+2.7}_{-2.0} \times 10^{-16} \text{GeV}^{-1} \text{cm}^{-2} \text{s}^{-1} \text{sr}^{-1}$ at 40 TeV reference energy. Such flux is consistent with the expected neutrino signal if the bulk of the observed $\gamma$-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge originates from interactions of cosmic ray protons and nuclei with a power-law spectrum extending well into the PeV energy range., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022
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8. Radiofrequency Ice Dielectric Measurements at Summit Station, Greenland

Author: Aguilar, J. A., Allison, P., Besson, D., Bishop, A., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Cataldo, M., Clark, B. A., Couberly, K., Curtis-Ginsberg, Z., Dasgupta, P., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Eimer, A., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Henrichs, J., Heyer, N., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Korntheuer, M., Kowalski11, M., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Mammo, J., Marsee, M. J., Meyers, Z. S., Michaels, K., Mulrey, K., Muzio, M., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Plaisier, I., Punsuebsay, N., Pyras, L., Ryckbosch, D., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Seikh, M. F. H., Smith, D., Stoffels, J., Southall, D., Terveer, K., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Vischer, J. Z., Welling, C., Williams, D. R., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract: We recently reported on the radio-frequency attenuation length of cold polar ice at Summit Station, Greenland, based on bistatic radar measurements of radio-frequency bedrock echo strengths taken during the summer of 2021. Those data also include echoes attributed to stratified impurities or dielectric discontinuities within the ice sheet (layers), which allow studies of a) estimation of the relative contribution of coherent (discrete layers, e.g.) vs. incoherent (bulk volumetric, e.g.) scattering, b) the magnitude of internal layer reflection coefficients, c) limits on the azimuthal asymmetry of reflections (birefringence), and d) limits on signal dispersion in-ice over a bandwidth of ~100 MHz. We find that i) after averaging 10000 echo triggers, reflected signal observable over the thermal floor (to depths of approximately 1500 m) are consistent with being entirely coherent, ii) internal layer reflection coefficients are measured at approximately -60 to -70 dB, iii) birefringent effects for vertically propagating signals are smaller by an order of magnitude relative to comparable studies performed at South Pole, and iv) within our experimental limits, glacial ice is non-dispersive over the frequency band relevant for neutrino detection experiments.
Published: 2022

9. Review of the online analyses of multi-messenger alerts and electromagnetic transient events with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Author: Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fasano, M., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gagliardini, S., García, J., Gay, P., Geißelbrecht, N., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Haegel, L., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Saina, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: By constantly monitoring at least one complete hemisphere of the sky, neutrino telescopes are well designed to detect neutrinos emitted by transient astrophysical events. Real-time searches with the ANTARES telescope have been performed to look for neutrino candidates coincident with gamma-ray bursts detected by the Swift and Fermi satellites, highenergy neutrino events registered by IceCube, transient events from blazars monitored by HAWC, photon-neutrino coincidences by AMON notices and gravitational wave candidates observed by LIGO/Virgo. By requiring temporal coincidence, this approach increases the sensitivity and the significance of a potential discovery. Thanks to the good angular accuracy of neutrino candidates reconstructed with the ANTARES telescope, a coincident detection can also improve the positioning area of non-well localised triggers such as those detected by gravitational wave interferometers. This paper summarises the results of the follow-up performed by the ANTARES telescope between 01/2014 and 02/2022, which corresponds to the end of the data taking period., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, JCAP08 (2023) 072 (19 pp
Published: 2022

10. Triboelectric backgrounds to radio-based polar ultra-high energy neutrino (UHEN) experiments

Author: Aguilar, JA, Anker, A, Allison, P, Archambault, S, Baldi, P, Barwick, SW, Beatty, JJ, Beise, J, Besson, D, Bishop, A, Bondarev, E, Botner, O, Bouma, S, Buitink, S, Cataldo, M, Chen, CC, Chen, CH, Chen, P, Chen, YC, Choi, T, Clark, BA, Clay, W, Curtis-Ginsberg, Z, Connolly, A, Cremonesi, L, Dasgupta, P, Davies, J, de Kockere, S, de Vries, KD, Deaconu, C, DuVernois, MA, Flaherty, J, Friedman, E, Gaior, R, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Ham, Y-B, Hanson, JC, Harty, N, Hendricks, B, Hoffman, KD, Hong, E, Hornhuber, C, Hsu, SY, Hu, L, Huang, JJ, Huang, M-H, Hughes, K, Ishihara, A, Jee, G, Jung, J, Karle, A, Kelley, JL, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Kim, J, Kim, K-C, Kim, M-C, Kravchenko, I, Krebs, R, Ku, Y, Kuo, CY, Kurusu, K, Kwon, Hyuck-Jin, Lahmann, R, Landsman, H, Latif, U, Lee, C, Leung, C-H, Li, C-J, Liu, J, Liu, T-C, Lu, M-Y, Madison, K, Mammo, J, Mase, K, McAleer, S, Meures, T, Meyers, ZS, Michaels, K, Mikhailova, M, Mulrey, K, Nam, J, Nichol, RJ, Nir, G, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Nozdrina, A, Oberla, E, Oeyen, B, Osborn, J, Pan, Y, Pandya, H, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Pfendner, C, Plaisier, I, and Punsuebsay, N
Subjects: Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Neutrino, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Background rejection, Triboelectric effect, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: In the hopes of observing the highest-energy neutrinos (E>1 EeV) populating the Universe, both past (RICE, AURA, ANITA) and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA, ARA and TAROGE-M) polar-sited experiments exploit the impulsive radio emission produced by neutrino interactions. In such experiments, rare single event candidates must be unambiguously identified above backgrounds. Background rejection strategies to date primarily target thermal noise fluctuations and also impulsive radio-frequency signals of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we consider the possibility that ‘fake’ neutrino signals may also be generated naturally via the ‘triboelectric effect.’ This broadly describes any process in which force applied at a boundary layer results in displacement of surface charge, leading to the production of an electrostatic potential difference ΔV. Wind blowing over granular surfaces such as snow can induce such a potential difference, with subsequent coronal discharge. Discharges over timescales as short as nanoseconds can then lead to radio-frequency emissions at characteristic MHz–GHz frequencies. Using data from various past (RICE, AURA, SATRA, ANITA) and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA and ARA) neutrino experiments, we find evidence for such backgrounds, which are generally characterized by: (a) a threshold wind velocity which likely depends on the experimental trigger criteria and layout; for the experiments considered herein, this value is typically O(10 m/s), (b) frequency spectra generally shifted to the low-end of the frequency regime to which current radio experiments are typically sensitive (100–200 MHz), (c) for the strongest background signals, an apparent preference for discharges from above-surface structures, although the presence of more isotropic, lower amplitude triboelectric discharges cannot be excluded.
Published: 2023

11. Search for Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidences Using HAWC and ANTARES Data

Author: Solares, H. A. Ayala, Coutu, S., Cowen, D., Fox, D. B., Grégoire, T., McBride, F., Mostafá, M., Murase, K., Wissel, S., Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., García, J., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păaun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotti, U., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., de León, C., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Alonso, M. Fernández, Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., Garfias, F., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernandez, S., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Hüntemeyer, P., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lara, A., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martinez-Castellanos, I., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Peisker, A., Araujo, Y. Pérez, Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Wang, X., Whitaker, K., Willox, E., Zepeda, A., and Zhou, H.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: In the quest for high-energy neutrino sources, the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) has implemented a new search by combining data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch (ANTARES) neutrino telescope. Using the same analysis strategy as in a previous detector combination of HAWC and IceCube data, we perform a search for coincidences in HAWC and ANTARES events that are below the threshold for sending public alerts in each individual detector. Data were collected between July 2015 and February 2020 with a livetime of 4.39 years. Over this time period, 3 coincident events with an estimated false-alarm rate of $< 1$ coincidence per year were found. This number is consistent with background expectations., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2022
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12. Limits on the nuclearite flux using the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., García, J., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: In this work, a search for nuclearites of strange quark matter by using nine years of ANTARES data taken in the period 2009-2017 is presented. The passage through matter of these particles is simulated %according to the model of de R\'{u}jula and Glashow taking into account a detailed description of the detector response to nuclearites and of the data acquisition conditions. A down-going flux of cosmic nuclearites with Galactic velocities ($\beta = 10^{-3}$) was considered for this study. The mass threshold for detecting these particles at the detector level is \mbox{ $4 \times 10^{13}$ GeV/c$^{2}$}. Upper limits on the nuclearite flux for masses up to $10^{17}$ GeV/c$^{2}$ at the level of $\sim 5 \times 10^{-17}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$ are obtained. These are the first upper limits on nuclearites established with a neutrino telescope and the most stringent ever set for Galactic velocities., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2022
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13. TAROGE-M: radio antenna array on antarctic high mountain for detecting near-horizontal ultra-high energy air showers

Author: Wang, SH, Nam, J, Chen, P, Chen, Y, Choi, T, Ham, YB, Hsu, SY, Huang, JJ, Huang, MHA, Jee, G, Jung, J, Kim, J, Kuo, CY, Kwon, HJ, Lee, C, Leung, CH, Liu, TC, Shiao, YSJ, Shin, BK, Wang, MZ, Wang, YH, Anker, A, Barwick, SW, Besson, DZ, Bouma, S, Cataldo, M, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Henrichs, J, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Meyers, ZS, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Paul, MP, Pyras, L, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Rice-Smith, R, Seikh, MFH, Tatar, J, Welling, C, and Zhao, L
Subjects: Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: Abstract The TAROGE-M radio observatory is a self-triggered antenna array on top of the ∼2700 m high Mt. Melbourne in Antarctica, designed to detect impulsive geomagnetic emission from extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy (UHE) particles beyond 1017 eV, including cosmic rays, Earth-skimming tau neutrinos, and particularly, the “ANITA anomalous events” (AAE) from near and below the horizon. The six AAE discovered by the ANITA experiment have signal features similar to tau neutrinos but that hypothesis is in tension either with the interaction length predicted by Standard Model or with the flux limits set by other experiments. Their origin remains uncertain, requiring more experimental inputs for clarification. The detection concept of TAROGE-M takes advantage of a high altitude with synoptic view toward the horizon as an efficient signal collector, and the radio quietness as well as strong and near vertical geomagnetic field in Antarctica, enhancing the relative radio signal strength. This approach has a low energy threshold, high duty cycle, and is easy to extend for quickly enlarging statistics. Here we report experimental results from the first TAROGE-M station deployed in January 2020, corresponding to approximately one month of livetime. The station consists of six receiving antennas operating at 180-450 MHz, and can reconstruct source directions of impulsive events with an angular resolution of ∼0.3°, calibrated in situ with a drone-borne pulser system. To demonstrate TAROGE-M's ability to detect UHE air showers, a search for cosmic ray signals in 25.3-days of data together with the detection simulation were conducted, resulting in seven identified candidates. The detected events have a mean reconstructed energy of 0.95-0.31+0.46 EeV and zenith angles ranging from 25° to 82°, with both distributions agreeing with the simulations, indicating an energy threshold at about 0.3 EeV. The estimated cosmic ray flux at that energy is 1.2-0.9+0.7 × 10-16 eV-1 km-2 yr-1 sr-1, also consistent with results of other experiments. The TAROGE-M sensitivity to AAEs is approximated by the tau neutrino exposure with simulations, which suggests comparable sensitivity as ANITA's at around 1 EeV energy with a few station-years of operation. These first results verified the station design and performance in a polar and high-altitude environment, and are promising for further discovery of tau neutrinos and AAEs after an extension in the near future.
Published: 2022

14. Search for secluded dark matter towards the Galactic Centre with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Author: Albert, A., Alves, S., Andre, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Branzas, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Diaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhoefer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hoessl, J., Hofestaedt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, LeStum, S., Lefevre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martino, B., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. O, Paun, A., Pavalas, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poire, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sala, F., Sanchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schuessler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zuniga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Searches for dark matter (DM) have not provided any solid evidence for the existence of weakly interacting massive particles in the GeV-TeV mass range. Coincidentally, the scale of new physics is being pushed by collider searches well beyond the TeV domain. This situation strongly motivates the exploration of DM masses much larger than a TeV. Secluded scenarios contain a natural way around the unitarity bound on the DM mass, via the early matter domination induced by the mediator of its interactions with the Standard Model. High-energy neutrinos constitute one of the very few direct accesses to energy scales above a few TeV. An indirect search for secluded DM signals has been performed with the ANTARES neutrino telescope using data from 2007 to 2015. Upper limits on the DM annihilation cross section for DM masses up to 6 PeV are presented and discussed.
Published: 2022
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15. Search for Magnetic Monopoles with ten years of the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, LeStum, S., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martino, B., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: This work presents a new search for magnetic monopoles using data taken with the ANTARES neutrino telescope over a period of 10 years (January 2008 to December 2017). Compared to previous ANTARES searches, this analysis uses a run-by-run simulation strategy, with a larger exposure as well as a new simulation of magnetic monopoles taking into account the Kasama, Yang and Goldhaber model for their interaction cross-section with matter. No signal compatible with the passage of relativistic magnetic monopoles is observed, and upper limits on the flux of magnetic monopoles with $\beta$ = v/c $\geq$ 0.55, are presented. For ultra-relativistic magnetic monopoles the flux limit is $\sim$ 7$\times$$10^{-18}$ $\rm cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1}$., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of High Energy Astrophysics
Published: 2022
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16. Search for solar atmospheric neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, LeStum, S., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martino, B., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos (SA$\nu$s) are produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the solar medium. The detection of SA$\nu$s would provide useful information on the composition of primary cosmic rays as well as the solar density. These neutrinos represent an irreducible source of background for indirect searches for dark matter towards the Sun and the measurement of their flux would allow for a better assessment of the uncertainties related to these searches. In this paper we report on the analysis performed, based on an unbinned likelihood maximisation, to search for SA$\nu$s with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. After analysing the data collected over 11 years, no evidence for a solar atmospheric neutrino signal has been found. An upper limit at 90\% confidence level on the flux of solar atmospheric neutrinos has been obtained, equal to 7$\times$$10^{-11}$ [TeV$^{-1}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$] at E$_\nu =$ 1 TeV for the reference cosmic ray model assumed., Comment: Sections renamed and reorganized as asked by the Journal
Published: 2022
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17. In situ, broadband measurement of the radio frequency attenuation length at Summit Station, Greenland

Author: Aguilar, J. A., Allison, P., Beatty, J. J., Besson, D., Bishop, A., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Cataldo, M., Clark, B. A., Curtis-Ginsberg, Z., Connolly, A., Dasgupta, P., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Mammo, J., Meyers, Z. S., Michaels, K., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Pan, Y., Pandya, H., Plaisier, I., Punsuebsay, N., Pyras, L., Ryckbosch, D., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Seikh, M. F. H., Smith, D., Southall, D., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Welling, C., Williams, D. R., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Over the last 25 years, radiowave detection of neutrino-generated signals, using cold polar ice as the neutrino target, has emerged as perhaps the most promising technique for detection of extragalactic ultra-high energy neutrinos (corresponding to neutrino energies in excess of 0.01 Joules, or $10^{17}$ electron volts). During the summer of 2021 and in tandem with the initial deployment of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G), we conducted radioglaciological measurements at Summit Station, Greenland to refine our understanding of the ice target. We report the result of one such measurement, the radio-frequency electric field attenuation length $L_\alpha$. We find an approximately linear dependence of $L_\alpha$ on frequency with the best fit of the average field attenuation for the upper 1500 m of ice: $\langle L_\alpha \rangle = \big( (1154 \pm 121) - (0.81 \pm 0.14) (\nu/$MHz$)\big)$ m for frequencies $\nu \in [145 - 350]$ MHz., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, Accepted to Journal of Glaciology
Published: 2022
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18. Search for Spatial Correlations of Neutrinos with Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays

Author: The ANTARES collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, LeStum, S., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martino, B., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., collaboration, The IceCube, Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alameddine, J. M., Alispach, C., Alves Jr., A. A., Amin, N. M., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Ashida, Y., Axani, S., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Barbano, A., Barwick, S. W., Bastian, B., Basu, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, Bellenghi, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Boddenberg, M., Bontempo, F., Borowka, J., Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Brinson, B., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Browne, S., Burgman, A., Burley, R. T., Busse, R. S., Campana, M. A., Carnie-Bronca, E. G., Chen, C., Chen, Z., Chirkin, D., Choi, K., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dappen, C., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., López, D. Delgado, Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dittmer, M., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., DuVernois, M. A., Dvorak, E., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evenson, P. A., Fan, K. L., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feigl, N., Fiedlschuster, S., Fienberg, A. T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Fürst, P., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Garrappa, S., Gerhardt, L., Ghadimi, A., Glaser, C., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Grant, D., Grégoire, T., Griswold, S., Günther, C., Gutjahr, P., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Minh, M. Ha, Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Haungs, A., Hebecker, D., Helbing, K., Henningsen, F., Hettinger, E. C., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. 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J., Robertson, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Cantu, D. Rysewyk, Safa, I., Saffer, J., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schaufel, M., Schindler, S., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Schwefer, G., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Sharma, A., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Tischbein, F., Tollefson, K., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Twagirayezu, J. P., Ty, B., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Verpoest, S., Walck, C., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wolf, M., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wulff, J., Xu, X. W., Yanez, J. P., Yoshida, S., Yu, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., Zhelnin, P., collaboration, The Pierre Auger, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. 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I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., collaboration, The Telescope Array, Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Arai, Y., Arimura, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Buckland, I., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujisue, K., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Fukushima, R., Furlich, G., Globus, N., Gonzalez, R., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashida, N., He, H., Hibino, K., Higuchi, R., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Iwasaki, A., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kharuk, I., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, S. W., Kimura, Y., Kishigami, S., Kubota, Y., Kurisu, S., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nakazawa, A., Nishio, E., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G. I., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Sato, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibasaki, Y., Shibata, F., Shibata, N., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Shinto, D., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsuda, R., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Warren, D., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamazaki, K., Yashiro, K., Yoshida, F., Yoshioka, Y., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of high-energy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data is provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above $\sim$50 EeV is provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for point-source searches to search for excesses of neutrinos clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses has found a significant excess, and previously reported over-fluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs., Comment: 39 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables; updated source files including xml authorlist
Published: 2022
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19. Search for Spatial Correlations of Neutrinos with Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays

Author: collaboration, The ANTARES, Albert, A, Alves, S, André, M, Anghinolfi, M, A., M, Ardid, S, Aubert, J-J, Aublin, J, Baret, B, Basa, S, Belhorma, B, Bendahman, M, Bertin, V, Biagi, S, Bissinger, M, Boumaaza, J, Bouta, M, Bouwhuis, MC, Brânzaş, H, Bruijn, R, Brunner, J, Busto, J, Caiffi, B, Calvo, D, Capone, A, Caramete, L, Carr, J, Carretero, V, Celli, S, Chabab, M, Chau, TN, Moursli, R Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T, Circella, M, Coleiro, A, Coniglione, R, Coyle, P, Creusot, A, Díaz, AF, Distefano, C, Di Palma, I, Domi, A, Donzaud, C, Dornic, D, Drouhin, D, Eberl, T, van Eeden, T, van Eijk, D, Khayati, N El, Enzenhöfer, A, Fermani, P, Ferrara, G, Filippini, F, Fusco, L, Gatelet, Y, Gay, P, Glotin, H, Gozzini, R, Ruiz, R Gracia, Graf, K, Guidi, C, Hallmann, S, van Haren, H, Heijboer, AJ, Hello, Y, Hernández-Rey, JJ, Hössl, J, Hofestädt, J, Huang, F, Illuminati, G, James, CW, Jisse-Jung, B, De Jong, M, de Jong, P, Kadler, M, Kalekin, O, Katz, U, Khan-Chowdhury, NR, Kouchner, A, Kreykenbohm, I, Kulikovskiy, V, Lahmann, R, Le Breton, R, LeStum, S, Lefèvre, D, Leonora, E, Levi, G, Lopez-Coto, D, Loucatos, S, Maderer, L, Manczak, J, Marcelin, M, Margiotta, A, Marinelli, A, Martínez-Mora, JA, Martino, B, Melis, K, Migliozzi, P, and Moussa, A
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Neutrino astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract: For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of high-energy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data are provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above ∼50 EeV are provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for point-source searches to search for excesses of neutrino clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses have found a significant excess, and previously reported overfluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs.
Published: 2022

20. Search for non-standard neutrino interactions with 10 years of ANTARES data

Author: Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzas, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, LeStum, S., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martino, B., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Paun, A., Pavalas, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Non-standard interactions of neutrinos arising in many theories beyond the Standard Model can significantly alter matter effects in atmospheric neutrino propagation through the Earth. In this paper, a search for deviations from the prediction of the standard 3-flavour atmospheric neutrino oscillations using the data taken by the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. Ten years of atmospheric neutrino data collected from 2007 to 2016, with reconstructed energies in the range from $\sim$16 GeV to $100$ GeV, have been analysed. A log-likelihood ratio test of the dimensionless coefficients $\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$ and $\varepsilon_{\tau\tau} - \varepsilon_{\mu\mu}$ does not provide clear evidence of deviations from standard interactions. For normal neutrino mass ordering, the combined fit of both coefficients yields a value 1.7$\sigma$ away from the null result. However, the 68% and 95% confidence level intervals for $\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$ and $\varepsilon_{\tau\tau} - \varepsilon_{\mu\mu}$, respectively, contain the null value. Best fit values, one standard deviation errors and bounds at the 90% confidence level for these coefficients are given for both normal and inverted mass orderings. The constraint on $\varepsilon_{\mu\tau}$ is among the most stringent to date and it further restrains the strength of possible non-standard interactions in the $\mu - \tau$ sector., Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2021

21. Improving sensitivity of the ARIANNA detector by rejecting thermal noise with deep learning

Author: ARIANNA Collaboration, Anker, A., Baldi, P., Barwick, S. W., Beise, J., Besson, D. Z., Bouma, S., Cataldo, M., Chen, P., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Liu, J., Magnuson, M., McAleer, S., Meyers, Z. M., Nam, J., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Pyras, L., Rice-Smith, R., Tatar, J., Wang, S. -H, Welling, C., and Zhao, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The ARIANNA experiment is an Askaryan detector designed to record radio signals induced by neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice. Because of the low neutrino flux at high energies ($E > 10^{16} $), the physics output is limited by statistics. Hence, an increase in sensitivity significantly improves the interpretation of data and offers the ability to probe new parameter spaces. The amplitudes of the trigger threshold are limited by the rate of triggering on unavoidable thermal noise fluctuations. We present a real-time thermal noise rejection algorithm that enables the trigger thresholds to be lowered, which increases the sensitivity to neutrinos by up to a factor of two (depending on energy) compared to the current ARIANNA capabilities. A deep learning discriminator, based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is implemented to identify and remove thermal events in real time. We describe a CNN trained on MC data that runs on the current ARIANNA microcomputer and retains 95 percent of the neutrino signal at a thermal noise rejection factor of $10^5$, compared to a template matching procedure which reaches only $10^2$ for the same signal efficiency. Then the results are verified in a lab measurement by feeding in generated neutrino-like signal pulses and thermal noise directly into the ARIANNA data acquisition system. Lastly, the same CNN is used to classify cosmic-rays events to make sure they are not rejected. The network classified 102 out of 104 cosmic-ray events as signal., Comment: Affiliation update. 23 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021
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22. Measuring the Polarization Reconstruction Resolution of the ARIANNA Neutrino Detector with Cosmic Rays

Author: ARIANNA Collaboration, Anker, A., Baldi, P., Barwick, S. W., Beise, J., Besson, D. Z., Bouma, S., Cataldo, M., Chen, P., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Lahmann, R., Liu, J., Magnuson, M., McAleer, S., Meyers, Z. S., Nam, J., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Pyras, L., Rice-Smith, R., Tatar, J., Wang, S. -H, Welling, C., and Zhao, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The ARIANNA detector is designed to detect neutrinos with energies above $10^{17}$eV. Due to the similarities in generated radio signals, cosmic rays are often used as test beams for neutrino detectors. Some ARIANNA detector stations are equipped with antennas capable of detecting air showers. Since the radio emission properties of air showers are well understood, and the polarization of the radio signal can be predicted from the arrival direction, cosmic rays can be used as a proxy to assess the reconstruction capabilities of the ARIANNA neutrino detector. We report on dedicated efforts of reconstructing the polarization of cosmic-ray radio pulses. After correcting for difference in hardware, the two stations used in this study showed similar performance in terms of event rate and agreed with simulation. Subselecting high quality cosmic rays, the polarizations of these cosmic rays were reconstructed with a resolution of $2.5^{\circ}$ (68% containment), which agrees with the expected value obtained from simulation. A large fraction of this resolution originates from uncertainties in the predicted polarization because of the contribution of the subdominant Askaryan effect in addition to the dominant geomagnetic emission. Subselecting events with a zenith angle greater than $70^{\circ}$ removes most influence of the Askaryan emission, and, with limited statistics, we found the polarization uncertainty is reduced to $1.3^{\circ}$ (68% containment)., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. Corresponding author: Leshan Zhao
Published: 2021
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23. Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope

Author: Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertine, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Branza, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chena, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruza, A., Cuttone, G., Dalliera, R., De Martino, B., Di Palma, I., Diaz, A. F., Tortosa, D. Diego, Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzau, C., Dornic, D., Dorra, M., Drouhin, D., Eberla, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Enzenhofer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gala, T., Mendez, J. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Oliver, C. Gatius, Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Grafa, K., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutierrez, M., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Harena, H., Heijboer, A., Hekaloa, A., Henniga, L., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hofestadt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Janezashvili, D., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastori, C., Lazo, A., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Alvarez, C. LLorens, Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maderer, L., Majumdar, J., Manczak, J., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martina, L., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., OFearraigh, B., OSullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., Gonzalez, J. Palacios, Papalashvilia, G., Papaleo, R., Paun, A. M., Pavala, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pisanti, O., Poire, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Probsta, I., Pulvirenti, S., Quemenera, G., Randazzo, N., Razzaquea, S., Real, D., Recka, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtlebe, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sanchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneidera, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellaccian, S. M., Taiutik, M., Tayalati, Y., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilmsa, J., Wojaczynski, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zuniga, J., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. Both extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos are detected through the Cherenkov light induced in seawater by charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the surrounding medium. A relative time synchronization between photomultipliers of the order of 1 ns is needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive Nanobeacon has been designed and developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to be used for detector time-calibration studies. At present, more than 600 Nanobeacons have been already produced. The characterization of the optical pulse and the wavelength emission profile of the devices are critical for the time calibration. In this paper, the main features of the Nanobeacon design, production and operation, together with the main properties of the light pulse generated are described.
Published: 2021
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24. Measuring the polarization reconstruction resolution of the ARIANNA neutrino detector with cosmic rays

Author: collaboration, The ARIANNA, Anker, A, Baldi, P, Barwick, SW, Beise, J, Besson, DZ, Bouma, S, Cataldo, M, Chen, P, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Liu, J, Magnuson, M, McAleer, S, Meyers, ZS, Nam, J, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Pyras, L, Rice-Smith, R, Tatar, J, Wang, S-H, Welling, C, and Zhao, L
Subjects: cosmological neutrinos, neutrino astronomy, neutrino detectors, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: The ARIANNA detector is designed to detect neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV. Due to the similarities in generated radio signals, cosmic rays are often used as test beams for neutrino detectors. Some ARIANNA detector stations are equipped with antennas capable of detecting air showers. Since the radio emission properties of air showers are well understood, and the polarization of the radio signal can be predicted from the arrival direction, cosmic rays can be used as a proxy to assess the reconstruction capabilities of the ARIANNA neutrino detector. We report on dedicated efforts of reconstructing the polarization of cosmic-ray radio pulses. After correcting for difference in hardware, the two stations used in this study showed similar performance in terms of event rate and agreed with simulation. Subselecting high quality cosmic rays, the polarizations of these cosmic rays were reconstructed with a resolution of 2.5° (68% containment), which agrees with the expected value obtained from simulation. A large fraction of this resolution originates from uncertainties in the predicted polarization because of the contribution of the subdominant Askaryan effect in addition to the dominant geomagnetic emission. Subselecting events with a zenith angle greater than 70° removes most influence of the Askaryan emission, and, with limited statistics, we found the polarization uncertainty is reduced to 1.3° (68% containment).
Published: 2022

25. Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search

Author: KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Oliver, C. Gatius, Geißelbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Janezashvili, D., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Alvarez, C. LLorens, Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maderer, L., Majumdar, J., Mańczak, J., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., P{ă}un, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Probst, I., Pulvirenti, S., Quéméner, G., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vannoye, G., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT will study atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos with two multi-purpose neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, primarily aimed at GeV-PeV neutrinos. Thanks to the multi-photomultiplier tube design of the digital optical modules, KM3NeT is capable of detecting the neutrino burst from a Galactic or near-Galactic core-collapse supernova. This potential is already exploitable with the first detection units deployed in the sea. This paper describes the real-time implementation of the supernova neutrino search, operating on the two KM3NeT detectors since the first months of 2019. A quasi-online astronomy analysis is introduced to study the time profile of the detected neutrinos for especially significant events. The mechanism of generation and distribution of alerts, as well as the integration into the SNEWS and SNEWS 2.0 global alert systems are described. The approach for the follow-up of external alerts with a search for a neutrino excess in the archival data is defined. Finally, an overview of the current detector capabilities and a report after the first two years of operation are given., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2021
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26. Combined sensitivity of JUNO and KM3NeT/ORCA to the neutrino mass ordering

Author: KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Gatius, C., Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Alvarez, C. Llorens, Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Lygda, A., Maderer, L., Majumdar, J., Mańczak, J., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Probst, I., Pulvirenti, S., Quéméner, G., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Zywucka, N., members, JUNO Collaboration, Ahmad, S., de André, J. P. A. M., Baussan, E., Bordereau, C., Cabrera, A., Cerna, C., Donchenko, G., Doroshkevich, E. A., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Jollet, C., Kalousis, L. N., Kampmann, P., Kouzakov, K., Lokhov, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lubsandorzhiev, S. B., Meregaglia, A., Miramonti, L., Perrot, F., Rico, L. F. Piñeres, Popov, A., Rasheed, R., Settimo, M., Stankevich, K., Steiger, H., Stock, M. R., Studenikin, A., Triossi, A., Trzaska, W., Vialkov, M., Wonsak, B., Wurtz, J., and Yermia, F.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: This article presents the potential of a combined analysis of the JUNO and KM3NeT/ORCA experiments to determine the neutrino mass ordering. This combination is particularly interesting as it significantly boosts the potential of either detector, beyond simply adding their neutrino mass ordering sensitivities, by removing a degeneracy in the determination of $\Delta m_{31}^2$ between the two experiments when assuming the wrong ordering. The study is based on the latest projected performances for JUNO, and on simulation tools using a full Monte Carlo approach to the KM3NeT/ORCA response with a careful assessment of its energy systematics. From this analysis, a $5\sigma$ determination of the neutrino mass ordering is expected after 6 years of joint data taking for any value of the oscillation parameters. This sensitivity would be achieved after only 2 years of joint data taking assuming the current global best-fit values for those parameters for normal ordering., Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2021
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27. Studying Bioluminescence Flashes with the ANTARES Deep Sea Neutrino Telescope

Author: Reeb, N., Hutschenreuter, S., Zehetner, P., Ensslin, T., Alves, S., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., Jong, M. d., Jong, P. d., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Organokov, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract: We develop a novel technique to exploit the extensive data sets provided by underwater neutrino telescopes to gain information on bioluminescence in the deep sea. The passive nature of the telescopes gives us the unique opportunity to infer information on bioluminescent organisms without actively interfering with them. We propose a statistical method that allows us to reconstruct the light emission of individual organisms, as well as their location and movement. A mathematical model is built to describe the measurement process of underwater neutrino telescopes and the signal generation of the biological organisms. The Metric Gaussian Variational Inference algorithm is used to reconstruct the model parameters using photon counts recorded by the neutrino detectors. We apply this method to synthetic data sets and data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The telescope is located 40 km off the French coast and fixed to the sea floor at a depth of 2475 m. The runs with synthetic data reveal that we can reliably model the emitted bioluminescent flashes of the organisms. Furthermore, we find that the spatial resolution of the localization of light sources highly depends on the configuration of the telescope. Precise measurements of the efficiencies of the detectors and the attenuation length of the water are crucial to reconstruct the light emission. Finally, the application to ANTARES data reveals the first precise localizations of bioluminescent organisms using neutrino telescope data.
Published: 2021

28. The IceCube-Gen2 Collaboration -- Contributions to the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)

Author: Collaboration, IceCube-Gen2, Abbasi, R., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alispach, C., Allison, P., Alves Jr., A. A., Amin, N. M., An, R., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Arlen, T. C., Ashida, Y., Axani, S., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Barbano, A., Bartos, I., Barwick, S. W., Bastian, B., Basu, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, Bellenghi, C., BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Bishop, A., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Boddenberg, M., Bohmer, M., Bontempo, F., Borowka, J., Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Browne, S., Burgman, A., Burley, R. T., Busse, R. S., Campana, M. A., Carnie-Bronca, E. G., Cataldo, M., Chen, C., Chirkin, D., Choi, K., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Clark, R., Classen, L., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Connolly, A., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dappen, C., Dave, P., Deaconu, C., De Clercq, C., De Kockere, S., DeLaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., De Ridder, S., Desai, A., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Dharani, S., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dittmer, M., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., DuVernois, M. A., Dvorak, E., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Engel, R., Erpenbeck, H., Evans, J., Evans, J. J., Evenson, P. A., Fan, K. L., Farrag, K., Fazely, A. R., Fiedlschuster, S., Fienberg, A. T., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer, L., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Fürst, P., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garcia, A., Garrappa, S., Gartner, A., Gerhardt, L., Gernhaeuser, R., Ghadimi, A., Giri, P., Glaser, C., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Goswami, S., Grant, D., Grégoire, T., Griswold, S., Gündüz, M., Günther, C., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Hallmann, S., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Minh, M. Ha, Hanson, K., Hardin, J., Harnisch, A. A., Haugen, J., Haungs, A., Hauser, S., Hebecker, D., Heinen, D., Helbing, K., Hendricks, B., Henningsen, F., Hettinger, E. C., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, C., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, B., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Holzapfel, K., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huber, T., Huege, T., Hughes, K., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kalekin, O., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kang, X., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Katori, T., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kellermann, M., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kin, K., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Kontrimas, T., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Koundal, P., Kovacevich, M., Kowalski, M., Kozynets, T., Krauss, C. B., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Kun, E., Kurahashi, N., Lad, N., Gualda, C. Lagunas, Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Lee, J. W., Leonard, K., Leszczyńska, A., Li, Y., Lincetto, M., Liu, Q. R., Liubarska, M., Lohfink, E., LoSecco, J., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Ludwig, A., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Ma, W. Y., Madsen, J., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mancina, S., Mandalia, S., Mariş, I. C., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., McElroy, T., McNally, F., Mead, J. V., Meagher, K., Medina, A., Meier, M., Meighen-Berger, S., Meyers, Z., Micallef, J., Mockler, D., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Naab, R., Nagai, R., Naumann, U., Necker, J., Nelles, A., Nguyên, L. V., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Oberla, E., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Oehler, M., Oeyen, B., Olivas, A., Omeliukh, A., O'Sullivan, E., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Papp, L., Park, N., Parker, G. K., Paudel, E. N., Paul, L., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Peters, L., Petersen, T. C., Peterson, J., Philippen, S., Pieloth, D., Pieper, S., Pinfold, J. L., Pittermann, M., Pizzuto, A., Plaisier, I., Plum, M., Popovych, Y., Porcelli, A., Rodriguez, M. Prado, Price, P. B., Pries, B., Przybylski, G. T., Pyras, L., Raab, C., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Rehman, A., Reichherzer, P., Reimann, R., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Reusch, S., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Riegel, M., Roberts, E. J., Robertson, S., Roellinghoff, G., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Cantu, D. Rysewyk, Safa, I., Saffer, J., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sandstrom, P., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Scharf, M., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schindler, S., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Schwefer, G., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shaevitz, M. H., Sharma, A., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Skrzypek, B., Smith, D., Smithers, B., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Söldner-Rembold, S., Southall, D., Spannfellner, C., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Taketa, A., Tanaka, H. K. M., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Tilav, S., Tischbein, F., Tollefson, K., Tomankova, L., Tönnis, C., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Twagirayezu, J. P., Ty, B., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Valtonen-Mattila, N., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vannerom, D., van Santen, J., Veberic, D., Verpoest, S., Vieregg, A., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weigel, P., Weindl, A., Weinstock, L., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Welling, C., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Weyrauch, M., Whitehorn, N., Wiebusch, C. H., Williams, D. R., Wissel, S., Wolf, M., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wren, S., Wulff, J., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yoshida, S., Yu, S., Yuan, T., Zhang, Z., and Zierke, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: IceCube-Gen2 is a planned extension of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. The extension is optimized to search for sources of astrophysical neutrinos from TeV to EeV, and will improve the sensitivity of the observatory to neutrino point sources by a factor of five. The science case of IceCube-Gen2 is built on a successful decade of observations with IceCube. This index of contributions to the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Berlin, Germany (12-23 July 2021) describes research and development efforts for IceCube-Gen2. Included are performance studies of next-generation optical sensors that will detect Cherenkov radiation from TeV-PeV cosmic rays and neutrinos; optimizations of the geometries of the surface and in-ice optical arrays; and estimates of the sensitivity of the proposed IceCube-Gen2 radio array to Askaryan emission from PeV-EeV neutrinos. Contributions related to the existing instrument, IceCube, are available in a separate collection., Comment: To access the list of contributions, please follow the "HTML" link. Links to individual contributions will fill in as authors upload their material
Published: 2021

29. Reconstructing the neutrino energy for in-ice radio detectors

Author: Aguilar, J. A., Allison, P., Beatty, J. J., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D., Bingefors, N., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Carter, K., Cataldo, M., Clark, B. A., Curtis-Ginsberg, Z., Connolly, A., Dasgupta, P., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Klein, S. R., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Magnuson, M., Meures, T., Meyers, Z. S., Mulrey, K., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Pandya, H., Plaisier, I., Pyras, L., Ryckbosch, D., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Smith, D., Southall, D., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Welling, C., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Starting in summer 2021, the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) will search for astrophysical neutrinos at energies >10 PeV by detecting the radio emission from particle showers in the ice around Summit Station, Greenland. We present an extensive simulation study that shows how RNO-G will be able to measure the energy of such particle cascades, which will in turn be used to estimate the energy of the incoming neutrino that caused them. The location of the neutrino interaction is determined using the differences in arrival times between channels and the electric field of the radio signal is reconstructed using a novel approach based on Information Field Theory. Based on these properties, the shower energy can be estimated. We show that this method can achieve an uncertainty of 13% on the logarithm of the shower energy after modest quality cuts and estimate how this can constrain the energy of the neutrino. The method presented in this paper is applicable to all similar radio neutrino detectors, such as the proposed radio array of IceCube-Gen2., Comment: 23 pages, 20 figures, version accepted at EPJ-C
Published: 2021
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30. Sensitivity to light sterile neutrino mixing parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA

Author: Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bretaudeau, F., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Mollac, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., De Palma, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosan, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhofer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Mendez, J. Garcıa, Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guid, C., Gutierrez, M., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hofestadt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Lara, G., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Lygda, A., Maderer, L., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păun, A. M., ălaş, G. E. Păv, Pellegrino, C., Martínez, S. Peña, Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Pontoriere, V., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Probst, I., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tatone, F., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: KM3NeT/ORCA is a next-generation neutrino telescope optimised for atmospheric neutrino oscillations studies. In this paper, the sensitivity of ORCA to the presence of a light sterile neutrino in a 3+1 model is presented. After three years of data taking, ORCA will be able to probe the active-sterile mixing angles $\theta_{14}$, $\theta_{24}$, $\theta_{34}$ and the effective angle $\theta_{\mu e}$, over a broad range of mass squared difference $\Delta m^2_{41} \sim [10^{-5}, 10]$ $\rm{eV}^2$, allowing to test the eV-mass sterile neutrino hypothesis as the origin of short baseline anomalies, as well as probing the hypothesis of a very light sterile neutrino, not yet constrained by cosmology. ORCA will be able to explore a relevant fraction of the parameter space not yet reached by present measurements.
Published: 2021

31. Science Case and Detector Concept for the ARIANNA High Energy Neutrino Telescope at Moore’s Bay, Antarctica

Author: Barwick, SW, Anker, A, Baldi, P, Beise, J, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, Cataldo, M, Chen, P, Fernández, DG, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Liu, J, Magnuson, M, McAleer, S, Meyers, Z, Nam, J, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Pyras, L, Rice-Smith, R, Tatar, J, Wang, SH, Welling, C, and Zhao, L
Abstract: The ARIANNA neutrino detector, located at sea-level on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, consists of 200 autonomous and independent detector stations separated by 1 kilometer in a uniform triangular mesh, and serves to inform the planning of the future projects. The primary science mission of ARIANNA is to search for sources of neutrinos with energies greater than 1017 eV, complementing the reach of IceCube and other neutrino telescopes that focus on lower energies. An ARIANNA observation of a neutrino source would provide strong insight into the enigmatic sources of cosmic rays. ARIANNA observes the radio emission from high energy neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice. Among radio based concepts under current investigation, ARIANNA would uniquely survey the vast majority of the southern sky at any instant in time, and an important region of the northern sky, by virtue of its location on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf at Moore’s Bay. The broad sky coverage is specific to the Moore’s Bay site, providing capabilities to observe explosive sources from unknown directions. The ARIANNA architecture is designed to measure the angular direction to within 4 degrees for every neutrino candidate, which too plays an important role in the pursuit of multi-messenger observations of astrophysical sources. The sea level location reduces the impact of a potentially serious background associated with the cores of cosmic ray air showers striking the ice surface, generating radio pulses which are similar to those expected from neutrino events. Reflecting layers at the bottom or within the ice sheet (which are known to exist in thick ice sheets) might create a troublesome rate of background events, provided the reflection coefficients are large enough, that arrive at the detector from the same directions as neutrinos.
Published: 2022

32. Polarization Reconstruction of Cosmic Rays with the ARIANNA Neutrino Radio Detector

Author: Zhao, L, Anker, A, Baldi, P, Barwick, SW, Beise, J, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, Cataldo, M, Chen, P, Fernández, DG, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Liu, J, Magnuson, M, McAleer, S, Meyers, Z, Nam, J, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Pyras, L, Rice-Smith, R, Tatar, J, Wang, SH, and Welling, C
Abstract: The ARIANNA detector is designed to detect neutrinos of energies above 1016 eV. Due to the similarities in generated radio signals, cosmic rays are often used as test beams for neutrino detectors. Some ARIANNA detector stations are equipped with antennas capable of detecting air showers. The radio emission properties of air showers are well understood, and the polarization of the radio signal can be predicted from arrival direction with high precision. For this reason, cosmic rays can be used as a proxy to assess the reconstruction capabilities of the ARIANNA neutrino detector. We report on dedicated efforts of reconstructing the polarization of cosmic-ray radio pulses. A total of 148 cosmic rays are identified from over 90,000 triggered events collected between Nov 21, 2018 and Mar 15, 2019. A cut was put on these events requiring them to have a signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of at least 4.5 in all upward-facing channels. This was to improve the performance of arrival direction and polarization reconstruction algorithms. Polarization of these cosmic rays were reconstructed with a resolution of 3.5 degrees (68% containment), which agrees with the expected value we obtained from simulation. Furthermore, if we subselect events with zenith angle greater than 70 deg, the contribution to polarization of Askaryan effect is reduced, which reduces the error in the predicted polarization. With limited statistics, we find the polarization uncertainty is reduced to 1.3 deg (68% containment).
Published: 2022

33. Development of an in-situ calibration device of firn properties for Askaryan neutrino detectors

Author: Beise, J, Glaser, C, Anker, A, Baldi, P, Barwick, SW, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, Cataldo, M, Chen, P, Fernández, DG, Gaswint, G, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Liu, J, Magnuson, M, McAleer, S, Meyers, Z, Nam, J, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Pyras, L, Rice-Smith, R, Tatar, J, Wang, SH, Welling, C, and Zhao, L
Abstract: High energy neutrinos (E >1017 eV) are detected cost-efficiently via the Askaryan effect in ice, where a particle cascade induced by the neutrino interaction produces coherent radio emission that can be picked up by antennas installed below the surface. A good knowledge of the near surface ice (aka firn) properties is required to reconstruct the neutrino properties. In particular, a continuous monitoring of the snow accumulation (which changes the depth of the antennas) and the index-of-refraction profile are crucial for an accurate determination of the neutrino’s direction and energy. We present an in-situ calibration system that extends the radio detector station with a radio emitter to continuously monitor the firn properties by measuring time differences of direct and reflected (off the surface) signals (D’n’R). We optimized the station layout in a simulation study and quantified the achievable precision. We present 14 months of data of the ARIANNA detector on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, where a prototype of this calibration system was successfully used to monitor the snow accumulation with unprecedented precision of 1 mm. We explore and test several algorithms to extract the D’n’R time difference from noisy data (including deep learning). This constitutes an in-situ test of the neutrino vertex distance reconstruction using the D’n’R technique which is needed to determine the neutrino energy.
Published: 2022

34. A novel trigger based on neural networks for radio neutrino detectors

Author: Anker, A, Paul, MP, Baldi, P, Barwick, SW, Beise, J, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, Cataldo, M, Chen, P, Fernández, DG, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Liu, J, Magnuson, M, McAleer, S, Meyers, Z, Nam, J, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Pyras, L, Rice-Smith, R, Tatar, J, Wang, SH, Welling, C, and Zhao, L
Abstract: The ARIANNA experiment is a proposed Askaryan detector designed to record radio signals induced by neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice. Because of the low neutrino flux at high energies, the physics output is limited by statistics. Hence, an increase in sensitivity significantly improves the interpretation of data and offers the ability to probe new parameter spaces. The trigger thresholds are limited by the rate of triggering on unavoidable thermal noise fluctuations. The real-time thermal noise rejection algorithm enables the thresholds to be lowered substantially and increases the sensitivity by up to a factor of two compared to the current ARIANNA capabilities. A deep learning discriminator, based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is implemented to identify and remove a high percentage of thermal events in real time while retaining most of the neutrino signals. We describe a CNN that runs on the current ARIANNA microcomputer and retains 95% of the neutrino signals at a thermal rejection factor of 105. Finally, the experimental verification from lab measurements are conducted.
Published: 2022

35. Capabilities of ARIANNA: Neutrino Pointing Resolution and Implications for Future Ultra-high Energy Neutrino Astronomy

Author: Barwick, SW, Gaswint, G, Anker, A, Baldi, P, Beise, J, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, Cataldo, M, Chen, P, Fernández, DG, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Liu, J, Magnuson, M, McAleer, S, Meyers, Z, Nam, J, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Pyras, L, Rice-Smith, R, Tatar, J, Wang, SH, Welling, C, and Zhao, L
Abstract: A radio-frequency polarization measurement by the ARIANNA surface station was performed using a residual hole from the South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) Project. Radio pulses were emitted from a transmitter located down to 1.7 km below the snow surface. After deconvolving the raw signals for the detector response and attenuation from propagation through the ice, the signal pulses show no significant distortion and agree with a reference measurement of the emitter made in an anechoic chamber. The direction to transmitted radio pulse was measured with an angular resolution of 0.37 degree [statistical error]. For polarization, the statistical error of the polarization vector is depth dependent and below 1 degree. In addition, a slowly-varying systematic variation is observed as a function of depth with an rms error of 2.7 degrees. Neither the direction or polarization measurement show a significant offset as a function of depth relative to expectation. We also report on the results of a simulation study of the ARIANNA neutrino direction and energy resolution. The software tool NuRadioMC was used to reconstruct the polarization and viewing angle to determine the neutrino direction. Multiple models of Askaryan radiation and detector sites along with a range of neutrino energies were evaluated. The neutrino space angle resolution was determined to be below 3 degrees, which is comparable to the systematic polarization uncertainty. Therefore it is expected that the polarization resolution, which is the dominant contribution to the neutrino space angle resolution, will be improved in future studies by determining and eliminating systematic effects.
Published: 2022

36. Improving sensitivity of the ARIANNA detector by rejecting thermal noise with deep learning

Author: Anker, A, Baldi, P, Barwick, SW, Beise, J, Besson, DZ, Bouma, S, Cataldo, M, Chen, P, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Liu, J, Magnuson, M, McAleer, S, Meyers, ZS, Nam, J, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Pyras, L, Rice-Smith, R, Tatar, J, Wang, S-H, Welling, C, and Zhao, L
Subjects: Neutrino detectors, Real-time monitoring, Cherenkov detectors, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: The ARIANNA experiment is an Askaryan detector designed to record radio signals induced by neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice. Because of the low neutrino flux at high energies (Eν > 1016 eV), the physics output is limited by statistics. Hence, an increase in sensitivity significantly improves the interpretation of data and offers the ability to probe new parameter spaces. The amplitudes of the trigger threshold are limited by the rate of triggering on unavoidable thermal noise fluctuations. We present a real-time thermal noise rejection algorithm that enables the trigger thresholds to be lowered, which increases the sensitivity to neutrinos by up to a factor of two (depending on energy) compared to the current ARIANNA capabilities. A deep learning discriminator, based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is implemented to identify and remove thermal events in real time. We describe a CNN trained on MC data that runs on the current ARIANNA microcomputer and retains 95% of the neutrino signal at a thermal noise rejection factor of 105, compared to a template matching procedure which reaches only 102 for the same signal efficiency. Then the results are verified in a lab measurement by feeding in generated neutrino-like signal pulses and thermal noise directly into the ARIANNA data acquisition system. Lastly, the same CNN is used to classify cosmic-rays events to make sure they are not rejected. The network classified 102 out of 104 cosmic-ray events as signal.
Published: 2022

37. Search for neutrinos from the tidal disruption events AT2019dsg and AT2019fdr with the ANTARES telescope

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., García, R., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Organokov, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sánchez-Losa, A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: On October 1, 2019, the IceCube Collaboration detected a muon track neutrino with high probability of being of astrophysical origin, IC191001A. After a few hours, the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2019dsg, observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), was indicated as the most likely counterpart of the IceCube track. More recently, the follow-up campaign of the IceCube alerts by ZTF suggested a second TDE, AT2019fdr, as a promising counterpart of another IceCube muon track candidate, IC200530A, detected on May 30, 2020. These are the second and third associations between astrophysical sources and high-energy neutrinos after the compelling identification of the blazar TXS 0506+056. Here, the search for ANTARES neutrinos from the directions of AT2019dsg and AT2019fdr using a time-integrated approach is presented. As no significant evidence for space clustering is found in the ANTARES data, upper limits on the one-flavour neutrino flux and fluence are set., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2021
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38. Determining the Neutrino Mass Ordering and Oscillation Parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA

Author: Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., De Palma, M., Di Marino, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maderer, L., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Rabyang, O., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4 $\sigma$ if the true ordering is normal and 2.3 $\sigma$ if inverted, after three years of data taking. The precision to measure $\Delta m^2_{32}$ and $\theta_{23}$ were also estimated and found to be $85\cdot10^{-6}$ eV$^2$ and $(^{+1.9}_{-3.1})^{\circ}$ for normal neutrino mass ordering and, $75\cdot10^{-6}$ eV$^2$ and $(^{+2.0}_{-7.0})^{\circ}$ for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude $\nu_{\tau}$ and $\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ event rate variations larger than 20% at $3\sigma$ level., Comment: Accepted for publication at EPJ-C
Published: 2021
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39. Triboelectric Backgrounds to radio-based UHE Neutrino Exeperiments

Author: Aguilar, J. A., Anker, A., Allison, P., Archambault, S., Baldi, P., Barwick, S. W., Beatty, J. J., Beise, J., Besson, D., Bishop, A., Bondarev, E., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Cataldo, M., Chen, C. C., Chen, C. H., Chen, P., Chen, Y. C., Clark, B. A., Clay, W., Curtis-Ginsberg, Z., Connolly, A., Dasgupta, P., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Flaherty, J., Friedman, E., Gaior, R., Gaswint, G., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Harty, N., Hendricks, B., Hoffman, K. D., Hornhuber, C., Hsu, S. Y., Hu, L., Huang, J. J., Huang, M. -H., Hughes, K., Ishihara, A., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Klein, S. R., Kleinfelder, S. A., Kim, K. -C., Kim, M. -C., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Ku, Y., Kuo, C. Y., Kurusu, K., Lahmann, R., Landsman, H., Latif, U., Li, C. -J., Liu, J., Liu, T. -C., Lu, M. -Y., Madison, K., Mammo, J., Mase, K., McAleer, S., Meures, T., Meyers, Z. S., Michaels, K., Mikhailova, M., Mulrey, K., Nam, J., Nichol, R. J., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Osborn, J., Pan, Y., Pandya, H., Paul, M. P., Persichilli, C., Plaisier, I., Punsuebsay, N., Pyras, L., Rice-Smith, R., Roth, J., Ryckbosch, D., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Seikh, M. F. H., Shiao, Y. -S., Smith, D., Southall, D., Tatar, J., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Touart, J., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Varner, G. S., Vieregg, A. G., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, S. -H, Wang, Y. H., Welling, C., Williams, D. R., Wissel, S., Xie, C., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zhao, L., and Zink, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The proposed IceCube-Gen2 (ICG2) seeks to instrument ~500 sq. km of Antarctic ice near the geographic South Pole with radio antennas, in order to observe the highest energy (E>1 EeV) neutrinos in the Universe. To this end, ICG2 will use the impulsive radio-frequency (RF) signal produced by neutrino interactions in polar ice caps. In such experiments, rare single event candidates must be unambiguously separated from background; to date, signal identification strategies primarily reject thermal noise and anthropogenic backgrounds. Here, we consider the possibility that fake neutrino signals may also be naturally generated via the 'triboelectric effect'. This broadly includes any process in which force applied at a boundary layer results in displacement of surface charge, generating a potential difference {\Delta}V. Wind blowing over granular surfaces such as snow can induce such a {\Delta}V, with subsequent discharge. Discharges over nanosecond-timescales can then lead to RF emissions at characteristic MHz-GHz frequencies. We find that such backgrounds are evident in the several neutrino experiments considered, and are generally characterized by: a) a threshold wind velocity which likely depends on the experimental signal trigger threshold and layout; for the experiments considered herein, this value is typically O(10 m/s), b) frequency spectra generally shifted to the low-end of the frequency regime to which current radio experiments are typically sensitive (100-200 MHz), c) for the strongest background signals, an apparent preference for discharges from above-surface structures, although the presence of more isotropic, lower amplitude triboelectric discharges cannot be excluded.
Published: 2021

40. Measurement of the atmospheric $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ energy spectra with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Author: Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., García, R., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nunez-Castineyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Pă, G. E., vă, laş, Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sánchez-Losa, A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúniga, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: This letter presents a combined measurement of the energy spectra of atmospheric $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ in the energy range between $\sim$100 GeV and $\sim$50 TeV with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The analysis uses 3012 days of detector livetime in the period 2007--2017, and selects 1016 neutrinos interacting in (or close to) the instrumented volume of the detector, yielding shower-like events (mainly from $\nu_e+\overline \nu_e$ charged current plus all neutrino neutral current interactions) and starting track events (mainly from $\nu_\mu + \overline \nu_\mu$ charged current interactions). The contamination by atmospheric muons in the final sample is suppressed at the level of a few per mill by different steps in the selection analysis, including a Boosted Decision Tree classifier. The distribution of reconstructed events is unfolded in terms of electron and muon neutrino fluxes. The derived energy spectra are compared with previous measurements that, above 100 GeV, are limited to experiments in polar ice and, for $\nu_\mu$, to Super-Kamiokande., Comment: Accepted to PLB
Published: 2021
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41. ANTARES search for point-sources of neutrinos using astrophysical catalogs: a likelihood stacking analysis

Author: Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Branzas, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Diaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Khayati, N., Enzenhofer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gatelet, Y., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hössl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., Jong, M., Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Mazzou, S., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nunez-Castineyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Palavas, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Greus, F., Samtleben, D. F., Sanchez-Losa, A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schussler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zuniga, J., and Buson, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: A search for astrophysical point-like neutrino sources using the data collected by the ANTARES detector between January 29, 2007 and December 31, 2017 is presented. A likelihood stacking method is used to assess the significance of an excess of muon neutrinos inducing track-like events in correlation with the location of a list of possible sources. Different sets of objects are tested in the analysis: a) a sub-sample of the \textit{Fermi} 3LAC catalog of blazars, b) a jet-obscured AGN population, c) a sample of soft gamma-ray selected radio galaxies, d) a star-forming galaxy catalog , and e) a public sample of 56 very-high-energy track events from the IceCube experiment. None of the tested sources shows a significant association with the sample of neutrinos detected by ANTARES. The smallest p-value is obtained for the radio galaxies catalog with an equal weights hypothesis, with a pre-trial p-value equivalent to a $2.8 \, \sigma$ excess, equivalent to $1.6 \, \sigma$ post-trial. In addition, the results of a dedicated analysis for the blazar MG3 J225517+2409 are also reported: this source is found to be the most significant within the \textit{Fermi} 3LAC sample, with 5 ANTARES events located at less than one degree from the source. This blazar showed evidence of flaring activity in \textit{Fermi} data, in space-time coincidence with a high-energy track detected by IceCube. An \emph{a posteriori} significance of $2.0\, \sigma$ for the combination of ANTARES and IceCube data is reported.
Published: 2020
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42. ANTARES upper limits on the multi-TeV neutrino emission from the GRBs detected by IACTs

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Ettahiri, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., García, R., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Mazzou, S., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nuñez-Castiñeyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Sánchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The first gamma-ray burst detections by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have been recently announced: GRB 190114C, detected by MAGIC, GRB 180720B and GRB 190829A, observed by H.E.S.S. A dedicated search for neutrinos in space and time coincidence with the gamma-ray emission observed by IACTs has been performed using ANTARES data. The search covers both the prompt and afterglow phases, yielding no neutrinos in coincidence with the three GRBs studied. Upper limits on the energetics of the neutrino emission are inferred. The resulting upper limits are several orders of magnitude above the observed gamma-ray emission, and they do not allow to constrain the available models., Comment: accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2020
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43. Design and Sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)

Author: Aguilar, J. A., Allison, P., Beatty, J. J., Bernhoff, H., Besson, D., Bingefors, N., Botner, O., Buitink, S., Carter, K., Clark, B. A., Connolly, A., Dasgupta, P., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M. A., Feigl, N., Garcia-Fernandez, D., Glaser, C., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Klein, S. R., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Magnuson, M., Meures, T., Meyers, Z. S., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Pandya, H., Plaisier, I., Pyras, L., Ryckbosch, D., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Smith, D., Southall, D., Torres, J., Toscano, S., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Welling, C., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: This article presents the design of the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G) and discusses its scientific prospects. Using an array of radio sensors, RNO-G seeks to measure neutrinos above 10 PeV by exploiting the Askaryan effect in neutrino-induced cascades in ice. We discuss the experimental considerations that drive the design of RNO-G, present first measurements of the hardware that is to be deployed and discuss the projected sensitivity of the instrument. RNO-G will be the first production-scale radio detector for in-ice neutrino signals., Comment: 51 pages, 27 figures, version updated to include corrected figure of effective areas and error in caption
Published: 2020
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44. Monte Carlo simulations for the ANTARES underwater neutrino telescope

Author: The ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Branzas, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Cecchini, S., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Diaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhofer, A., Ettahiri, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hossl, J., Hofestadt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefevre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Mazzou, S., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nunez-Castineyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Pavalas, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Salesa, F., Sanchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schussler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Strandberg, B., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zuniga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Monte Carlo simulations are a unique tool to check the response of a detector and to monitor its performance. For a deep-sea neutrino telescope, the variability of the environmental conditions that can affect the behaviour of the data acquisition system must be considered, in addition to a reliable description of the active parts of the detector and of the features of physics events, in order to produce a realistic set of simulated events. In this paper, the software tools used to produce neutrino and cosmic ray signatures in the telescope and the strategy developed to represent the time evolution of the natural environment and of the detector efficiency are described., Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2020
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45. Solar flare observations with the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G)

Author: Agarwal, S., Aguilar, J.A., Ali, S., Allison, P., Betts, M., Besson, D., Bishop, A., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Cataldo, M., Clark, B.A., Coleman, A., Couberly, K., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K.D., Deaconu, C., DuVernois, M.A., Glaser, C., Glüsenkamp, T., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J.C., Hendricks, B., Henrichs, J., Heyer, N., Hornhuber, C., Hughes, K., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J.L., Korntheuer, M., Kowalski, M., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Latif, U., Laub, P., Liu, C.-H., Marsee, M.J., Meyers, Z.S., Mikhailova, M., Monstein, C., Mulrey, K., Muzio, M., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Punsuebsay, N., Pyras, L., Ravn, M., Ryckbosch, D., Schlüter, F., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Seikh, M.F.H., Stoffels, J., Terveer, K., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Van Den Broeck, D.J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A.G., Vijai, A., Welling, C., Williams, D.R., Windischhofer, P., Wissel, S., Young, R., and Zink, A.
Published: 2025
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46. Constraining the contribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts to the high-energy diffuse neutrino flux with 10 years of ANTARES data

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eber, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Ettahiri, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maggi, G., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Mazzou, S., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nuñez-Castiñeyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabe, J., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Strandberg, B., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Addressing the origin of the astrophysical neutrino flux observed by IceCube is of paramount importance. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are among the few astrophysical sources capable of achieving the required energy to contribute to such neutrino flux through p$\gamma$ interactions. In this work, ANTARES data have been used to search for upward going muon neutrinos in spatial and temporal coincidence with 784 GRBs occurred from 2007 to 2017. For each GRB, the expected neutrino flux has been calculated in the framework of the internal shock model and the impact of the lack of knowledge on the majority of source redshifts and on other intrinsic parameters of the emission mechanism has been quantified. It is found that the model parameters that set the radial distance where shock collisions occur have the largest impact on neutrino flux expectations. In particular, the bulk Lorentz factor of the source ejecta and the minimum variability timescale are found to contribute significantly to the GRB-neutrino flux uncertainty. For the selected sources, ANTARES data have been analysed, by maximising the discovery probability of the stacking sample through an extended maximum-likelihood strategy. Since no neutrino event passed the quality cuts set by the optimisation procedure, 90\% confidence level upper limits (with their uncertainty) on the total expected diffuse neutrino flux have been derived, according to the model. The GRB contribution to the observed diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux around 100 TeV is constrained to be less than 10\%., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS
Published: 2020
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47. Deep-sea deployment of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope detection units by self-unrolling

Author: The KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bakker, R., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Berbeen, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Billault, M., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Cacopardo, G., Caiffi, B., Caillat, L., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Corredoira, I., Cosquer, A., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., De Palma, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donà, R., Donzau, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabella, O., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geißelbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gostiaux, L., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grella, G., Grmek, A., Guderian, D., Guidii, C., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., van Heerwaarden, J., Heijboer, A., Hekaloa, A., Henry, S., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hillebrand, T., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Ilioni, A., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Laan, M., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Larosa, G., Laurence, J., Breton, R. Le, Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Longhitano, F., LopezCotoa, D., Maderer, L., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Mazzou, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Pérez, D. Muñoz, Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Rabyang, O., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Richer, M., Rivoire, S., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Taiutii, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Tézier, D., Thakore, T., Tingay, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: KM3NeT is a research infrastructure being installed in the deep Mediterranean Sea. It will house a neutrino telescope comprising hundreds of networked moorings - detection units or strings equipped with optical instrumentation to detect the Cherenkov radiation generated by charged particles from neutrino-induced collisions in its vicinity. In comparison to moorings typically used for oceanography, several key features of the KM3NeT string are different: the instrumentation is contained in transparent and thus unprotected glass spheres; two thin Dyneema ropes are used as strength members; and a thin delicate backbone tube with fibre-optics and copper wires for data and power transmission, respectively, runs along the full length of the mooring. Also, compared to other neutrino telescopes such as ANTARES in the Mediterranean Sea and GVD in Lake Baikal, the KM3NeT strings are more slender to minimise the amount of material used for support of the optical sensors. Moreover, the rate of deploying a large number of strings in a period of a few years is unprecedented. For all these reasons, for the installation of the KM3NeT strings, a custom-made, fast deployment method was designed. Despite the length of several hundreds of metres, the slim design of the string allows it to be compacted into a small, re-usable spherical launching vehicle instead of deploying the mooring weight down from a surface vessel. After being lowered to the seafloor, the string unfurls to its full length with the buoyant launching vehicle rolling along the two ropes.The design of the vehicle, the loading with a string, and its underwater self-unrolling are detailed in this paper.
Published: 2020

48. Observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Sun with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma1, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eber, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Ettahiri, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maggi, G., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Mele, R., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nielsen, C., Nuñez-Castiñeyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabe, J., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Strandberg, B., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The ANTARES detector is an undersea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The search for point-like neutrino sources is one of the main goals of the ANTARES telescope, requiring a reliable method to evaluate the detector angular resolution and pointing accuracy. This work describes the study of the Sun "shadow" effect with the ANTARES detector. The shadow is the deficit in the atmospheric muon flux in the direction of the Sun caused by the absorption of the primary cosmic rays. This analysis is based on the data collected between 2008 and 2017 by the ANTARES telescope. The observed statistical significance of the Sun shadow detection is $3.7\sigma$, with an estimated angular resolution of $0.59^\circ\pm0.10^\circ$ for downward-going muons. The pointing accuracy is found to be consistent with the expectations and no evidence of systematic pointing shifts is observed., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2020
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49. Combined search for neutrinos from dark matter self-annihilation in the Galactic Centre with ANTARES and IceCube

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Ettahiri, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maggi, G., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Mele, R., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nielsen, C., Nuñez-Castiñeyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Sánchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Strandberg, B., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Trovato, A., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zaborov, D., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Collaboration, IceCube, Aartsen, M. G., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Alispach, C., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Argüelles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bagherpour, H., Bai, X., V., A. Balagopal, Barbano, A., Barwick, S. W., Bastian, B., Baum, V., Baur, S., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. -H., Tjus, J. Becker, BenZvi, S., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., Böser, S., Botner, O., Böttcher, J., Bourbeau, E., Bourbeau, J., Bradascio, F., Braun, J., Bron, S., Brostean-Kaiser, J., Burgman, A., Buscher, J., Busse, R. S., Carver, T., Chen, C., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Choi, S., Clark, B. A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coleman, A., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Coppin, P., Correa, P., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Dave, P., De Clercq, C., DeLaunay, J. J., Dembinski, H., Deoskar, K., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., Diaz, A., Díaz-Vélez, J. C., Dujmovic, H., Dunkman, M., Dvorak, E., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eller, P., Engel, R., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fox, D., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fritz, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Ganster, E., Garrappa, S., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Glauch, T., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Grégoire, T., Griffith, Z., Griswold, S., Günder, M., Gündüz, M., Haack, C., Hallgren, A., Halliday, R., Halve, L., Halzen, F., Hanson, K., Haungs, A., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Heix, P., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Henningsen, F., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Hoinka, T., Hokanson-Fasig, B., Hoshina, K., Huber, M., Huber, T., Hultqvist, K., Hünnefeld, M., Hussain, R., In, S., Iovine, N., Ishihara, A., Jansson, M., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Jonske, F., Joppe, R., Kang, D., Kang, W., Kappes, A., Kappesser, D., Karg, T., Karl, M., Karle, A., Kauer, M., Kellermann, M., Kelley, J. L., Kheirandish, A., Kim, J., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Krückl, G., Kulacz, N., Kurahashi, N., Kyriacou, A., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lazar, J. P., Leonard, K., Leszczyńska, A., Liu, Q. R., Lohfink, E., Mariscal, C. J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucarelli, F., Ludwig, A., Lünemann, J., Luszczak, W., Lyu, Y., Ma, W. Y., Madsen, J., Mahn, K. B. M., Makino, Y., Mallik, P., Mallot, K., Mancina, S., Mariş, I. C., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Medina, A., Meier, M., Meighen-Berger, S., Merino, G., Meures, T., Micallef, J., Mockler, D., Momenté, G., Montaruli, T., Moore, R. W., Morse, R., Moulai, M., Muth, P., Nagai, R., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Nguyen, L. V., Niederhausen, H., Nisa, M. U., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Oehler, M., Olivas, A., O'Murchadha, A., O'Sullivan, E., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Park, N., Peiffer, P., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Philippen, S., Pieloth, D., Pieper, S., Pinat, E., Pizzuto, A., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Raab, C., Raissi, A., Rameez, M., Rauch, L., Rawlins, K., Rea, I. C., Rehman, A., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Renschler, M., Renzi, G., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Cantu, D. Rysewyk, Safa, I., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Santander, M., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schaufel, M., Schieler, H., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schneider, A., Schneider, J., Schröder, F. G., Schumacher, L., Sclafani, S., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shefali, S., Silva, M., Snihur, R., Soedingrekso, J., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stachurska, J., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stein, R., Stettner, J., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stö\s{s}l, A., Strotjohann, N. L., Stürwald, T., Stuttard, T., Sullivan, G. W., Taboada, I., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tilav, S., Tollefson, K., Tomankova, L., Tönnis, C., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Trettin, A., Tselengidou, M., Tung, C. F., Turcati, A., Turcotte, R., Turley, C. F., Ty, B., Unger, E., Elorrieta, M. A. Unland, Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Driessche, W., van Eijk, D., van Eijndhoven, N., van Santen, J., Verpoest, S., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Watson, T. B., Weaver, C., Weindl, A., Weiss, M. J., Weldert, J., Wendt, C., Werthebach, J., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, J., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., Wrede, G., Wulff, J., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Yuan, T., and Zöcklein, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of the first combined dark matter search targeting the Galactic Centre using the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes. For dark matter particles with masses from 50 to 1000 GeV, the sensitivities on the self-annihilation cross section set by ANTARES and IceCube are comparable, making this mass range particularly interesting for a joint analysis. Dark matter self-annihilation through the $\tau^+\tau^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$, $b\bar{b}$ and $W^+W^-$ channels is considered for both the Navarro-Frenk-White and Burkert halo profiles. In the combination of 2,101.6 days of ANTARES data and 1,007 days of IceCube data, no excess over the expected background is observed. Limits on the thermally-averaged dark matter annihilation cross section $\langle\sigma_A\upsilon\rangle$ are set. These limits present an improvement of up to a factor of two in the studied dark matter mass range with respect to the individual limits published by both collaborations. When considering dark matter particles with a mass of 200 GeV annihilating through the $\tau^+\tau^-$ channel, the value obtained for the limit is $7.44 \times 10^{-24} \text{cm}^{3}\text{s}^{-1}$ for the Navarro-Frenk-White halo profile. For the purpose of this joint analysis, the model parameters and the likelihood are unified, providing a benchmark for forthcoming dark matter searches performed by neutrino telescopes.
Published: 2020
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50. Search for neutrino counterparts of gravitational-wave events detected by LIGO and Virgo during run O2 with the ANTARES telescope

Author: ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Ettahiri, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maggi, G., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Mele, R., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nielsen, C., Nuñez-Castiñeyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Sánchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Strandberg, B., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Trovato, A., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zaborov, D., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: An offline search for a neutrino counterpart to gravitational-wave (GW) events detected during the second observation run (O2) of Advanced-LIGO and Advanced-Virgo performed with ANTARES data is presented. In addition to the search for long tracks induced by $\nu_\mu$ ($\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$) charged current interactions, a search for showering events induced by interactions of neutrinos of any flavour is conducted. The severe spatial and time coincidence provided by the gravitational-wave alert allows regions above the detector horizon to be probed, extending the ANTARES sensitivity over the entire sky. The results of this all-neutrino-flavour and all-sky time dependent analysis are presented. The search for prompt neutrino emission within $\pm$500~s around the time of six GW events yields no neutrino counterparts. Upper limits on the neutrino spectral fluence and constraints on the isotropic radiated energy are set for each GW event analysed.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

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