200 results on '"Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi"'
Search Results
2. Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty in sons and daughters: A nationwide cohort study
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Clemmensen, Pernille Jul, Brix, Nis, Schullehner, Jörg, Ernst, Andreas, Harrits Lunddorf, Lea Lykke, Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, Hansen, Birgitte, Stayner, Leslie Thomas, Kolstad, Henrik Albert, Sigsgaard, Torben, and Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Høst
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- 2023
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3. Internal relative potency factors based on immunotoxicity for the risk assessment of mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human biomonitoring
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Bil, Wieneke, Ehrlich, Veronika, Chen, Guangchao, Vandebriel, Rob, Zeilmaker, Marco, Luijten, Mirjam, Uhl, Maria, Marx-Stoelting, Philip, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, and Bokkers, Bas
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- 2023
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4. Maternal use of nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy and adult male reproductive health: A population‐based cohort study
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Clemmensen, Pernille Jul, primary, Brix, Nis, additional, Schullehner, Jörg, additional, Toft, Gunnar, additional, Søgaard Tøttenborg, Sandra, additional, Sørig Hougaard, Karin, additional, Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, additional, Hansen, Birgitte, additional, Stayner, Leslie Thomas, additional, Sigsgaard, Torben, additional, Kolstad, Henrik, additional, Bonde, Jens Peter Ellekilde, additional, and Ramlau‐Hansen, Cecilia Høst, additional
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- 2024
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5. Does metabolomic profile differ with regard to birth weight?
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Vidarsdottir, Harpa, Thorkelsson, Thordur, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Bjarnason, Ragnar, Geirsson, Reynir Tomas, Rinaldo, Piero, and Franzson, Leifur
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- 2021
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6. Guidance on risk–benefit assessment of foods.
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More, Simon John, Benford, Diane, Hougaard Bennekou, Susanne, Bampidis, Vasileios, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández‐Jerez, Antonio F., Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Mullins, Ewen, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Naska, Androniki, Poulsen, Morten, Ranta, Jukka, Sand, Salomon, and Wallace, Heather
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CONSUMER behavior ,FOOD safety ,ADVICE ,PROBABILITY theory ,HAZARDS - Abstract
The EFSA Scientific Committee has updated its 2010 Guidance on risk–benefit assessment (RBA) of foods. The update addresses methodological developments and regulatory needs. While it retains the stepwise RBA approach, it provides additional methods for complex assessments, such as multiple chemical hazards and all relevant health effects impacting different population subgroups. The updated guidance includes approaches for systematic identification, prioritisation and selection of hazardous and beneficial food components. It also offers updates relevant to characterising adverse and beneficial effects, such as measures of effect size and dose–response modelling. The guidance expands options for characterising risks and benefits, incorporating variability, uncertainty, severity categorisation and ranking of different (beneficial or adverse) effects. The impact of different types of health effects is assessed qualitatively or quantitatively, depending on the problem formulation, scope of the RBA question and data availability. The integration of risks and benefits often involves value‐based judgements and should ideally be performed with the risk–benefit manager. Metrics such as Disability‐Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Quality‐Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) can be used. Additional approaches are presented, such as probability of all relevant effects and/or effects of given severities and their integration using severity weight functions. The update includes practical guidance on reporting results, interpreting outcomes and communicating the outcome of an RBA, considering consumer perspectives and responses to advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and intelligence quotient score in 7-year-old children
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Beck, Iben Have, primary, Bilenberg, Niels, additional, Möller, Sören, additional, Nielsen, Flemming, additional, Grandjean, Philippe, additional, Højsager, Frederik Damsgaard, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Nielsen, Christel, additional, and Jensen, Tina Kold, additional
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- 2023
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8. Association between prenatal and early postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and IQ score in 7-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort
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Beck, Iben Have, primary, Bilenberg, Niels, additional, Möller, Sören, additional, Nielsen, Flemming, additional, Grandjean, Philippe, additional, Højsager, Frederik Damsgaard, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Nielsen, Christel, additional, and Jensen, Tina Kold, additional
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- 2023
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9. Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty in sons and daughters:A nationwide cohort study
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Clemmensen, Pernille Jul, Brix, Nis, Schullehner, Jörg, Ernst, Andreas, Harrits Lunddorf, Lea Lykke, Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, Hansen, Birgitte, Stayner, Leslie Thomas, Kolstad, Henrik Albert, Sigsgaard, Torben, Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Høst, Clemmensen, Pernille Jul, Brix, Nis, Schullehner, Jörg, Ernst, Andreas, Harrits Lunddorf, Lea Lykke, Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, Hansen, Birgitte, Stayner, Leslie Thomas, Kolstad, Henrik Albert, Sigsgaard, Torben, and Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Høst
- Abstract
Background N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) can be formed by endogenous reactions between nitrosatable drugs and nitrite. Animal studies have found that several NOCs are teratogenic, and epidemiological studies report associations between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and adverse birth outcomes. It is unknown whether prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs is harmful to the child's reproductive health, including pubertal development. Objectives We investigated whether prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs was associated with timing of puberty and whether nitrate, nitrite and antioxidant intake modified any association. Methods The population-based Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) Puberty Cohort, which includes 15,819 children, was used to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty. Around gestational week 11 and gestational week 18, mothers provided information about drug use during pregnancy. The children's self-reported information on onset of pubertal milestones was collected every six months from 11 years of age and throughout puberty. To investigate potential effect modification by nitrite, nitrate and antioxidant intake, information on these factors was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire completed by the mothers in gestational week 25, and information on nitrate concentration in maternal drinking water at her residential address was obtained from monitoring data from public waterworks. Data were analysed using a multivariable regression model for interval-censored data estimating difference in months in timing of puberty between exposure groups. Results A total of 2,715 children were prenatally exposed to nitrosatable drugs. We did not find an association between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty. This finding was supported by null-findings in the following sub-analyses investigating: 1. subtypes of nitrosatable drugs, Background: N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) can be formed by endogenous reactions between nitrosatable drugs and nitrite. Animal studies have found that several NOCs are teratogenic, and epidemiological studies report associations between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and adverse birth outcomes. It is unknown whether prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs is harmful to the child's reproductive health, including pubertal development. Objectives: We investigated whether prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs was associated with timing of puberty and whether nitrate, nitrite and antioxidant intake modified any association. Methods: The population-based Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) Puberty Cohort, which includes 15,819 children, was used to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty. Around gestational week 11 and gestational week 18, mothers provided information about drug use during pregnancy. The children's self-reported information on onset of pubertal milestones was collected every six months from 11 years of age and throughout puberty. To investigate potential effect modification by nitrite, nitrate and antioxidant intake, information on these factors was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire completed by the mothers in gestational week 25, and information on nitrate concentration in maternal drinking water at her residential address was obtained from monitoring data from public waterworks. Data were analysed using a multivariable regression model for interval-censored data estimating difference in months in timing of puberty between exposure groups. Results: A total of 2,715 children were prenatally exposed to nitrosatable drugs. We did not find an association between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty. This finding was supported by null-findings in the following sub-analyses investigating: 1. subtypes of nitrosatable drugs (secondary and tertiary amines and
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- 2023
10. Guidance on protocol development for EFSA generic scientific assessments
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EFSA Scientific Committee, More, Simon, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos Panagiotis, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Mullins, Ewen, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Kraft, Andrew, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Tsaioun, Katya, Aiassa, Elisa, Arcella, Davide, Barizzone, Fulvio, Cushen, Maeve, Georgiadis, Marios, Gervelmeyer, Andrea, Lanzoni, Anna, Lenzi, Paolo, Lodi, Federica, Martino, Laura, Messens, Winy, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Rizzi, Valentina, Stancanelli, Giuseppe, Supej, Špela, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, EFSA Scientific Committee, More, Simon, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos Panagiotis, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Mullins, Ewen, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Kraft, Andrew, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Tsaioun, Katya, Aiassa, Elisa, Arcella, Davide, Barizzone, Fulvio, Cushen, Maeve, Georgiadis, Marios, Gervelmeyer, Andrea, Lanzoni, Anna, Lenzi, Paolo, Lodi, Federica, Martino, Laura, Messens, Winy, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Rizzi, Valentina, Stancanelli, Giuseppe, Supej, Špela, and Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi
- Abstract
EFSA Strategy 2027 outlines the need for fit-for-purpose protocols for EFSA generic scientific assessments to aid in delivering trustworthy scientific advice. This EFSA Scientific Committee guidance document helps address this need by providing a harmonised and flexible framework for developing protocols for EFSA generic assessments. The guidance replaces the ?Draft framework for protocol development for EFSA's scientific assessments? published in 2020. The two main steps in protocol development are described. The first is problem formulation, which illustrates the objectives of the assessment. Here a new approach to translating the mandated Terms of Reference into scientifically answerable assessment questions and sub-questions is proposed: the ?APRIO' paradigm (Agent, Pathway, Receptor, Intervention and Output). Owing to its cross-cutting nature, this paradigm is considered adaptable and broadly applicable within and across the various EFSA domains and, if applied using the definitions given in this guidance, is expected to help harmonise the problem formulation process and outputs and foster consistency in protocol development. APRIO may also overcome the difficulty of implementing some existing frameworks across the multiple EFSA disciplines, e.g. the PICO/PECO approach (Population, Intervention/Exposure, Comparator, Outcome). Therefore, although not mandatory, APRIO is recommended. The second step in protocol development is the specification of the evidence needs and the methods that will be applied for answering the assessment questions and sub-questions, including uncertainty analysis. Five possible approaches to answering individual (sub-)questions are outlined: using evidence from scientific literature and study reports; using data from databases other than bibliographic; using expert judgement informally collected or elicited via semi-formal or formal expert knowledge elicitation processes; using mathematical/statistical models; and ? not covered in this g
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- 2023
11. Re-evaluation of the existing health-based guidance values for copper and exposure assessment from all sources
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More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Mullins, Ewen, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef R, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Boon, Polly, Ferns, Gordon Aa, Lindtner, Oliver, Smolders, Erik, Wilks, Martin, Bastaki, Maria, de Sesmaisons-Lecarré, Agnès, Ferreira, Lucien, Greco, Luna, Kass, George E N, Riolo, Francesca, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Mullins, Ewen, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef R, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Boon, Polly, Ferns, Gordon Aa, Lindtner, Oliver, Smolders, Erik, Wilks, Martin, Bastaki, Maria, de Sesmaisons-Lecarré, Agnès, Ferreira, Lucien, Greco, Luna, Kass, George E N, Riolo, Francesca, and Leblanc, Jean-Charles
- Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient and also a regulated product used in organic and in conventional farming pest management. Both deficiency and excessive exposure to copper can have adverse health effects. In this Scientific Opinion, the EFSA 2021 harmonised approach for establishing health-based guidance values (HBGVs) for substances that are regulated products and also nutrients was used to resolve the divergent existing HBGVs for copper. The tightly regulated homeostasis prevents toxicity manifestation in the short term, but the development of chronic copper toxicity is dependent on copper homeostasis and its tissue retention. Evidence from Wilson disease suggests that hepatic retention is indicative of potential future and possibly sudden onset of copper toxicity under conditions of continuous intake. Hence, emphasis was placed on copper retention as an early marker of potential adverse effects. The relationships between (a) chronic copper exposure and its retention in the body, particularly the liver, and (b) hepatic copper concentrations and evidence of toxicity were examined. The Scientific Committee (SC) concludes that no retention of copper is expected to occur with intake of 5 mg/day and established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.07 mg/kg bw. A refined dietary exposure assessment was performed, assessing contribution from dietary and non-dietary sources. Background copper levels are a significant source of copper. The contribution of copper from its use as plant protection product (PPP), food and feed additives or fertilisers is negligible. The use of copper in fertilisers or PPPs contributes to copper accumulation in soil. Infant formula and follow-on formula are important contributors to dietary exposure of copper in infants and toddlers. Contribution from non-oral sources is negligible. Dietary exposure to total copper does not exceed the HBGV in adolescents, adults, elderly and the very elderly. Neither hepatic copper retention nor adverse
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- 2023
12. Predictors of dropout and bariatric surgery in Icelandic morbidly obese female patients
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Benediktsdottir, Audur, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Bragadottir, Gudrun Jona, Gudmundsson, Ludvig, and Ramel, Alfons
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- 2016
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13. Association Between Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and IQ Score in 7-Year-Old Children From the Odense Child Cohort.
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Beck, Iben Have, Bilenberg, Niels, Möller, Sören, Nielsen, Flemming, Grandjean, Philippe, Højsager, Frederik Damsgaard, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Nielsen, Christel, and Jensen, Tina Kold
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STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,STATISTICS ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,FIRST trimester of pregnancy ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,REGRESSION analysis ,MANN Whitney U Test ,PAIRED comparisons (Mathematics) ,FLUOROCARBONS ,PRENATAL exposure delayed effects ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,INTELLECT ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOLOGY of school children ,BODY mass index ,DATA analysis ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DATA analysis software ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals capable of crossing the placenta and passing into breast milk. Evidence suggests that PFAS exposure may affect brain development. We investigated whether prenatal or early postnatal PFAS exposure was associated with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in schoolchildren from the Odense Child Cohort (Denmark, 2010–2020). We assessed concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in maternal serum collected during the first trimester of pregnancy and in child serum at age 18 months. At 7 years of age, children completed an abbreviated version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition, from which Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) and Verbal Comprehension Index scores were estimated. In multiple linear regression analyses conducted among 967 mother-child pairs, a doubling in maternal PFOS and PFNA concentrations was associated with a lower FSIQ score, while no significant associations were observed for PFOA, PFHxS, or PFDA. PFAS concentrations at age 18 months and duration of breastfeeding were strongly correlated, and even in structural equation models it was not possible to differentiate between the opposite effects of PFAS exposure and duration of breastfeeding on FSIQ. PFAS exposure is ubiquitous; therefore, an association with even a small reduction in IQ is of public health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Dietary Exposures to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Fetal Growth
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Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi and Preedy, Victor R., editor
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- 2012
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15. Correction: Mother's dietary quality during pregnancy and offspring's dietary quality in adolescence: Follow-up from a national birth cohort study of 19,582 mother-offspring pairs
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Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Anne, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Tetens, Inge, and Frodi Olsen, Sjurdur
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Pregnant women -- Analysis ,Pregnancy ,XML (Extensible markup language) ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Author(s): Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, Inge Tetens, Sjurdur Frodi Olsen The first and fourth authors' names are published incorrectly in the article XML. The correct name for the [...]
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- 2019
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16. Guidance on the use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment
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EFSA Scientific Committee, More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Mennes, Wim, Mullins, Ewen, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Aerts, Marc, Edler, Lutz, Sand, Salomon, Wright, Matthew, Binaglia, Marco, Bottex, Bernard, Abrahantes, Jose Cortiñas, and Schlatter, Josef
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NOAEL ,dose–response modelling ,BMD ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Bayesian model averaging ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Plant Science ,BMD software ,benchmark response ,Microbiology ,BMDL ,Food Science - Abstract
The Scientific Committee (SC) reconfirms that the benchmark dose (BMD) approach is a scientifically more advanced method compared to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) approach for deriving a Reference Point (RP). The major change compared to the previous Guidance (EFSA SC, 2017) concerns the Section 2.5, in which a change from the frequentist to the Bayesian paradigm is recommended. In the former, uncertainty about the unknown parameters is measured by confidence and significance levels, interpreted and calibrated under hypothetical repetition, while probability distributions are attached to the unknown parameters in the Bayesian approach, and the notion of probability is extended to reflect uncertainty of knowledge. In addition, the Bayesian approach can mimic a learning process and reflects the accumulation of knowledge over time. Model averaging is again recommended as the preferred method for estimating the BMD and calculating its credible interval. The set of default models to be used for BMD analysis has been reviewed and amended so that there is now a single set of models for quantal and continuous data. The flow chart guiding the reader step-by-step when performing a BMD analysis has also been updated, and a chapter comparing the frequentist to the Bayesian paradigm inserted. Also, when using Bayesian BMD modelling, the lower bound (BMDL) is to be considered as potential RP, and the upper bound (BMDU) is needed for establishing the BMDU/BMDL ratio reflecting the uncertainty in the BMD estimate. This updated guidance does not call for a general re-evaluation of previous assessments where the NOAEL approach or the BMD approach as described in the 2009 or 2017 Guidance was used, in particular when the exposure is clearly lower (e.g. more than one order of magnitude) than the health-based guidance value. Finally, the SC firmly reiterates to reconsider test guidelines given the wide application of the BMD approach.
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- 2022
17. Vitamin D Measured in Maternal Serum and Offspring Neurodevelopmental Outcomes : A Prospective Study with Long-Term Follow-Up
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Strøm, Marin, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hansen, Susanne, Granström, Charlotta, Maslova, Ekaterina, Petersen, Sesilje Bondo, Cohen, Arieh Sierra, and Olsen, Sjúrður Fróði
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- 2014
18. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
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European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Barregard, Lars [0000-0002-4662-0841], Ceccatelli, Sandra [0000-0002-9367-8480], Cravedi, Jean-Pierre [0000-0001-9247-7567], Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi [0000-0002-3488-0777], Haug,Line Smastuen [0000-0001-6746-6399], Knutsen,Helle Katrine [0000-0003-2041-8917], Roudot, Alain-Claude [0000-0001-5948-5813], Loveren, Henk van [0000-0002-1805-6198], Mackay, Karen [0000-0002-0626-2904], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen,Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, Schwerdtle, Tanja, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Barregard, Lars [0000-0002-4662-0841], Ceccatelli, Sandra [0000-0002-9367-8480], Cravedi, Jean-Pierre [0000-0001-9247-7567], Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi [0000-0002-3488-0777], Haug,Line Smastuen [0000-0001-6746-6399], Knutsen,Helle Katrine [0000-0003-2041-8917], Roudot, Alain-Claude [0000-0001-5948-5813], Loveren, Henk van [0000-0002-1805-6198], Mackay, Karen [0000-0002-0626-2904], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen,Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, and Schwerdtle, Tanja
- Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and ‘other children’ showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. ‘Fish meat’, ‘Fruit and fruit products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children.Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to longterm maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI,which is of concern.
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- 2020
19. Nutrient Intake in Infancy and Body Mass Index at Six Years in Two Population-Based Cohorts Recruited before and after Revision of Infant Dietary Recommendations
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Thorisdottir, Birna, Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, Thorisdottir, Asa Vala, Palsson, Gestur Ingvi, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, and Thorsdottir, Inga
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- 2013
20. The MooDFOOD project: Prevention of depression through nutritional strategies
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Cabout, M., Brouwer, I. A., Visser, M., van Strien, Tatjana, Elstgeest, Liset, Winkens, Laura, Bektas, Gülcan, Doncker, Sarah, Brunner, Eric, Knüppel, Anika, Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Imai, Cindy M., Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Birgisdottir, Bryndis Eva, Aspelund, Thor, Nicolaou, Mary, Vermeulen, Esther, Lähteenmäki, Liisa, Loebnitz, Natascha, Toft, Madeleine Broman, Tudoran, Ana Alina, Pederson, Susanne, Friis, Rasmus, Penninx, Brenda, van Grootheest, Gerard, Verkerk, Bep, Watkins, Ed, Owens, Matthew, Romijn, Amy, Bunce, Hannah, Bunker‐Smith, Harriet, Durbridge, Fern, Winfield, Owain, Bond, Zenia, Molinares, Caterina Versari, Sapar, Atikah, Roca, Miquel, Gili, Margarita, Tortella, Miquel, Covas, Clara Homar, Forteza, Margalida Vives, Gracia, Adoración Castro, Reig, José Luis, Ara, Maria Angeles Pérez, Hegerl, Ulrich, Kohls, Elisabeth, Hoesel, Jana, Dogan, Ezgi, Baldofski, Sabrina, Mauche, Nicole, Bot, Mariska, Milaneschi, Yuri, Paans, Nadine, Thesing, Carisha, Gibson‐Smith, Deborah, Horsfall, Melany, Weiss, Lena, Bandinelli, Stefania, Colpo, Marco, Sini, Giovanna, Woodward, Euan, Bryant, Sheree, van Eijcken, Erik, and Marking, Christine
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- 2017
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21. Mother's dietary quality during pregnancy and offspring's dietary quality in adolescence: Follow-up from a national birth cohort study of 19,582 mother-offspring pairs
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Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Anne, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Tetens, Inge, and Frodi Olsen, Sjurdur
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Type 2 diabetes -- Development and progression -- Risk factors ,Pregnant women -- Diet therapy ,Disease susceptibility ,Saturated fatty acids ,Education ,Breast feeding ,Exercise ,Nutritional requirements ,Medical research ,Health ,Sugar ,Asthma ,Beverages ,Obesity ,Drinking (Alcoholic beverages) ,Pregnancy ,Fatty acids ,Food habits ,Fruits (Food) ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Background The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis postulates that exposures during early life, such as maternal dietary intake during pregnancy, may have a lifelong impact on the individual's susceptibility to diseases. The individual's own lifestyle habits are obviously an additional factor, but we have only limited knowledge regarding how it may interact with prenatal exposures in determining later disease. To gain further insight into these potentially complex relationships, we examined the longitudinal association between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and diet quality in early adolescence in a contemporary cohort. Methods and findings From 1996 to 2003, the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) was established. Women from across the country were enrolled, and dietary intake in midpregnancy was assessed concurrently with a 360-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (https://www.dnbc.dk/-/media/arkiv/projekt-sites/dnbc/kodeboeger/dnbc-food-frequency-questionnaire/dnbc-food-frequency-questionnaire-pdf.pdf?la=en). During 2013-2018, dietary intake was assessed at age 14 years with a 150-item FFQ (https://www.dnbc.dk/-/media/arkiv/projekt-sites/dnbc/kodeboeger/ffq-14/dnbc-ffq-14-english-translation.pdf?la=en) in the DNBC children. Among the 19,582 mother-offspring pairs included in the analyses, the mean age (±standard deviation [SD]) was 30.7 (±4.1) years and 14.0 (±0.0) years for mothers and offspring, respectively. The majority of both mothers (67%) and offspring (76%) were classified as normal weight. For both questionnaires, a Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was developed as an indicator for diet quality based on current Danish Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) including eight components: fruits and vegetables, fish, dietary fibres, red meat, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), sodium, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and added sugar. The HEI score was divided into quartiles; individuals in the highest quartile represented those with the most optimal diet. The maternal HEI score was correlated positively with offspring HEI score (Pearson r = 0.22, p < 0.001). A log-linear binomial model was used to estimate the relative risk of the offspring being in the highest quartile of HEI at age 14 years if the mother was ranked in quartile 4 during pregnancy. Results showed that offspring born to mothers who were in the highest HEI quartile during pregnancy were more likely themselves to be located in the highest HEI quartile at age 14 years (risk ratio [RR]: 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0, 2.3, p < 0.001). Adjusting for maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, education, alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, and breastfeeding, as well as offspring total energy intake and sex, did not influence the effect estimates. The limitations of our study include that some attrition bias towards more healthy participants was observed when comparing participants with nonparticipants. Bias in the FFQ method may also have resulted in underrepresentation of adolescents with poorer diet quality. Conclusions In this study using data from a large national birth cohort, we observed that maternal diet quality during pregnancy was associated with diet quality of the offspring at age 14 years. These findings indicate the importance of separating early dietary exposures from later dietary exposures when studying dietary aetiologies of diseases postulated to have developmental origins such as, for instance, obesity or asthma in observational settings., Author(s): Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard 1,*, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson 1,2, Inge Tetens 3, Sjurdur Frodi Olsen 1,4 Introduction Evidence from the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) research [...]
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- 2019
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22. Comprehensive Evaluation of Blood Plasma and Serum Sample Preparations for HRMS-Based Chemical Exposomics: Overlaps and Specificities
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Chaker, Jade, primary, Kristensen, David Møbjerg, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, additional, Monfort, Christine, additional, Chevrier, Cécile, additional, Jégou, Bernard, additional, and David, Arthur, additional
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- 2022
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23. Guidance on aneugenicity assessment
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EFSA Scientific Committee (SC), More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Hougaard Bennekou, Susanne, Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Aquilina, Gabriele, Bignami, Margherita, Bolognesi, Claudia, Crebelli, Riccardo, Gürtler, Rainer, Marcon, Francesca, Nielsen, Elsa, Vleminckx, Christiane, Carfì, Maria, Martino, Carla, Maurici, Daniela, Parra Morte, Juan, Rossi, Annamaria, Benford, Diane, and University of Zurich
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Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Aneugenicity ,2405 Parasitology ,TP1-1185 ,Genotoxicity in vivo and in vitro ,Plant Science ,Gene mutation ,Bioinformatics ,Microbiology ,Clastogen ,In vitro ,Micronucleus test ,1110 Plant Science ,In vivo ,medicine ,TX341-641 ,1106 Food Science ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Chemical technology ,Cros1223 ,genotoxicity in vivo and in vitro ,2404 Microbiology ,10079 Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology ,aneugenicity ,3401 Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,micronucleus test ,Scientific Opinion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Bone marrow ,1103 Animal Science and Zoology ,Genotoxicity ,business ,Risk assessment ,Food Science - Abstract
The EFSA Scientific Committee was asked to provide guidance on the most appropriate in vivo tests to follow up on positive in vitro results for aneugenicity, and on the approach to risk assessment for substances that are aneugenic but not clastogenic nor causing gene mutations. The Scientific Committee confirmed that the preferred approach is to perform an in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test with a relevant route of administration. If this is positive, it demonstrates that the substance is aneugenic in vivo. A negative result with evidence that the bone marrow is exposed to the test substance supports a conclusion that aneugenic activity is not expressed in vivo. If there is no evidence of exposure to the bone marrow, a negative result is viewed as inconclusive and further studies are required. The liver micronucleus assay, even though not yet fully validated, can provide supporting information for substances that are aneugenic following metabolic activation. The gastrointestinal micronucleus test, conversely, to be further developed, may help to assess aneugenic potential at the initial site of contact for substances that are aneugenic in vitro without metabolic activation. Based on the evidence in relation to mechanisms of aneugenicity, the Scientific Committee concluded that, in principle, health‐based guidance values can be established for substances that are aneugenic but not clastogenic nor causing gene mutations, provided that a comprehensive toxicological database is available. For situations in which the toxicological database is not sufficient to establish health‐based guidance values, some approaches to risk assessment are proposed. The Scientific Committee recommends further development of the gastrointestinal micronucleus test, and research to improve the understanding of aneugenicity to support risk assessment., This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2021.EN-6814/full
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- 2021
24. Human biomonitoring and policy making
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Lagerqvist, Anne, primary, Birgisdóttir, Bryndís Eva, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Thomsen, Catherine, additional, Darnerud, Per Ola, additional, and Kotova, Natalia, additional
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- 2015
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25. Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide in human blood – what has been done and what is next?
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Pedersen, Marie, primary, Joensen, Andrea, additional, Vryonidis, Efstathios, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, additional, and Törnqvist, Margareta, additional
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- 2021
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26. Early pregnancy plasma fatty acid profiles of women later diagnosed with gestational diabetes
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Tryggvadottir, Ellen Alma, primary, Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, additional, Birgisdottir, Bryndis Eva, additional, Hrolfsdottir, Laufey, additional, Landberg, Rikard, additional, Hreidarsdottir, Ingibjorg Th, additional, Hardardottir, Hildur, additional, and Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional
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- 2021
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27. Guidance on the use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment.
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More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández‐Jerez, Antonio F, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Mennes, Wim, Mullins, Ewen, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Aerts, Marc, Edler, Lutz, Sand, Salomon, and Wright, Matthew
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RISK assessment ,DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) ,FLOW charts ,PROBABILITY theory ,DEFAULT (Finance) - Abstract
The Scientific Committee (SC) reconfirms that the benchmark dose (BMD) approach is a scientifically more advanced method compared to the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect‐level (NOAEL) approach for deriving a Reference Point (RP). The major change compared to the previous Guidance (EFSA SC, 2017) concerns the Section 2.5, in which a change from the frequentist to the Bayesian paradigm is recommended. In the former, uncertainty about the unknown parameters is measured by confidence and significance levels, interpreted and calibrated under hypothetical repetition, while probability distributions are attached to the unknown parameters in the Bayesian approach, and the notion of probability is extended to reflect uncertainty of knowledge. In addition, the Bayesian approach can mimic a learning process and reflects the accumulation of knowledge over time. Model averaging is again recommended as the preferred method for estimating the BMD and calculating its credible interval. The set of default models to be used for BMD analysis has been reviewed and amended so that there is now a single set of models for quantal and continuous data. The flow chart guiding the reader step‐by‐step when performing a BMD analysis has also been updated, and a chapter comparing the frequentist to the Bayesian paradigm inserted. Also, when using Bayesian BMD modelling, the lower bound (BMDL) is to be considered as potential RP, and the upper bound (BMDU) is needed for establishing the BMDU/BMDL ratio reflecting the uncertainty in the BMD estimate. This updated guidance does not call for a general re‐evaluation of previous assessments where the NOAEL approach or the BMD approach as described in the 2009 or 2017 Guidance was used, in particular when the exposure is clearly lower (e.g. more than one order of magnitude) than the health‐based guidance value. Finally, the SC firmly reiterates to reconsider test guidelines given the wide application of the BMD approach. This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2022.EN-7585/full [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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28. Associations of in utero exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids with human semen quality and reproductive hormones in adult men
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Vested, Anne, Ramlau-Hansen, Cecilia Host, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, Bonde, Jens Peter, Kristensen, Susanne Lund, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Becher, Georg, Haug, Line Smastuen, Ernst, Emil Hagen, and Toft, Gunnar
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Ammonium perfluorooctanoate -- Health aspects ,Semen -- Research ,Men -- Physiological aspects ,Environmental issues ,Health - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs), persistent chemicals with unique water-, dirt-, and oil-repellent properties, are suspected of having endocrine-disrupting activity. The PFAA compounds perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid [...]
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- 2013
29. Guidance Document on Scientific criteria for grouping chemicals into assessment groups for human risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals
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EFSA Scientific Committee, More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Hernandez-Jerez, Antonio, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos Panagiotis, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef Rudolf, Schrenk, Dieter, Silano (deceased), Vittorio, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Benfenati, Emilio, Crépet, Amélie, Te Biesebeek, Jan Dirk, Testai, Emanuela, Dujardin, Bruno, Dorne, Jean Lou CM, Hogstrand, Christer, EFSA Scientific Committee, More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Hernandez-Jerez, Antonio, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos Panagiotis, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef Rudolf, Schrenk, Dieter, Silano (deceased), Vittorio, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Benfenati, Emilio, Crépet, Amélie, Te Biesebeek, Jan Dirk, Testai, Emanuela, Dujardin, Bruno, Dorne, Jean Lou CM, and Hogstrand, Christer
- Abstract
This guidance document provides harmonised and flexible methodologies to apply scientific criteria and prioritisation methods for grouping chemicals into assessment groups for human risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. In the context of EFSA’s risk assessments, the problem formulation step defines the chemicals to be assessed in the terms of reference usually through regulatory criteria often set by risk managers based on legislative requirements. Scientific criteria such as hazard-driven criteria can be used to group these chemicals into assessment groups. In this guidance document, a framework is proposed to apply hazard-driven criteria for grouping of chemicals into assessment groups using mechanistic information on toxicity as the gold standard where available (i.e. common mode of action or adverse outcome pathway) through a structured weight of evidence approach. However, when such mechanistic data are not available, grouping may be performed using a common adverse outcome. Toxicokinetic data can also be useful for grouping, particularly when metabolism information is available for a class of compounds and common toxicologically relevant metabolites are shared. In addition, prioritisation methods provide means to identify low-priority chemicals and reduce the number of chemicals in an assessment group. Prioritisation methods include combined risk-based approaches, risk-based approaches for single chemicals and exposure-driven approaches. Case studies have been provided to illustrate the practical application of hazard-driven criteria and the use of prioritisation methods for grouping of chemicals in assessment groups. Recommendations for future work are discussed.
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- 2021
30. Guidance on aneugenicity assessment
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EFSA Scientific Committee, More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Hougaard Bennekou, Susanne, Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Aquilina, Gabriele, Bignami, Margherita, Bolognesi, Claudia, Crebelli, Riccardo, Gürtler, Rainer, Marcon, Francesca, Nielsen, Elsa, Vleminckx, Christiane, Carfì, Maria, Martino, Carla, Maurici, Daniela, Parra Morte, Juan, Rossi, Annamaria, Benford, Diane, EFSA Scientific Committee, More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Hougaard Bennekou, Susanne, Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Aquilina, Gabriele, Bignami, Margherita, Bolognesi, Claudia, Crebelli, Riccardo, Gürtler, Rainer, Marcon, Francesca, Nielsen, Elsa, Vleminckx, Christiane, Carfì, Maria, Martino, Carla, Maurici, Daniela, Parra Morte, Juan, Rossi, Annamaria, and Benford, Diane
- Abstract
The EFSA Scientific Committee was asked to provide guidance on the most appropriate in vivo tests to follow up on positive in vitro results for aneugenicity, and on the approach to risk assessment for substances that are aneugenic but not clastogenic nor causing gene mutations. The Scientific Committee confirmed that the preferred approach is to perform an in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test with a relevant route of administration. If this is positive, it demonstrates that the substance is aneugenic in vivo. A negative result with evidence that the bone marrow is exposed to the test substance supports a conclusion that aneugenic activity is not expressed in vivo. If there is no evidence of exposure to the bone marrow, a negative result is viewed as inconclusive and further studies are required. The liver micronucleus assay, even though not yet fully validated, can provide supporting information for substances that are aneugenic following metabolic activation. The gastrointestinal micronucleus test, conversely, to be further developed, may help to assess aneugenic potential at the initial site of contact for substances that are aneugenic in vitro without metabolic activation. Based on the evidence in relation to mechanisms of aneugenicity, the Scientific Committee concluded that, in principle, health-based guidance values can be established for substances that are aneugenic but not clastogenic nor causing gene mutations, provided that a comprehensive toxicological database is available. For situations in which the toxicological database is not sufficient to establish health-based guidance values, some approaches to risk assessment are proposed. The Scientific Committee recommends further development of the gastrointestinal micronucleus test, and research to improve the understanding of aneugenicity to support risk assessment.
- Published
- 2021
31. Guidance Document on Scientific criteria for grouping chemicals into assessment groups for human risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals
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More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Hernandez‐Jerez, Antonio, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos Panagiotis, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef Rudolf, Schrenk, Dieter, Silano, Vittorio, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Benfenati, Emilio, Crépet, Amélie, Te Biesebeek, Jan Dirk, Testai, Emanuela, Dujardin, Bruno, Dorne, Jean Lou CM, Hogstrand, Christer, More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bragard, Claude, Hernandez‐Jerez, Antonio, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos Panagiotis, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef Rudolf, Schrenk, Dieter, Silano, Vittorio, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Benfenati, Emilio, Crépet, Amélie, Te Biesebeek, Jan Dirk, Testai, Emanuela, Dujardin, Bruno, Dorne, Jean Lou CM, and Hogstrand, Christer
- Abstract
This guidance document provides harmonised and flexible methodologies to apply scientific criteria and prioritisation methods for grouping chemicals into assessment groups for human risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. In the context of EFSA’s risk assessments, the problem formulation step defines the chemicals to be assessed in the terms of reference usually through regulatory criteria often set by risk managers based on legislative requirements. Scientific criteria such as hazard‐driven criteria can be used to group these chemicals into assessment groups. In this guidance document, a framework is proposed to apply hazard‐driven criteria for grouping of chemicals into assessment groups using mechanistic information on toxicity as the gold standard where available (i.e. common mode of action or adverse outcome pathway) through a structured weight of evidence approach. However, when such mechanistic data are not available, grouping may be performed using a common adverse outcome. Toxicokinetic data can also be useful for grouping, particularly when metabolism information is available for a class of compounds and common toxicologically relevant metabolites are shared. In addition, prioritisation methods provide means to identify low‐priority chemicals and reduce the number of chemicals in an assessment group. Prioritisation methods include combined risk‐based approaches, risk‐based approaches for single chemicals and exposure‐driven approaches. Case studies have been provided to illustrate the practical application of hazard‐driven criteria and the use of prioritisation methods for grouping of chemicals in assessment groups. Recommendations for future work are discussed.
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- 2021
32. The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2022-prioritisation of topics for de novo systematic reviews
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Høyer, Anne, Christensen, Jacob Juel, Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer, Andersen, Rikke, Eneroth, Hanna, Erkkola, Maijaliisa, Lemming, Eva Warensjo, Meltzer, Helle Margrete, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Thorsdottir, Inga, Schwab, Ursula, Trolle, Ellen, Blomhoff, Rune, Høyer, Anne, Christensen, Jacob Juel, Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer, Andersen, Rikke, Eneroth, Hanna, Erkkola, Maijaliisa, Lemming, Eva Warensjo, Meltzer, Helle Margrete, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Thorsdottir, Inga, Schwab, Ursula, Trolle, Ellen, and Blomhoff, Rune
- Abstract
Background: As part of the process of updating national dietary reference values (DRVs) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs), the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2022 project (NNR2022) will select a limited number of topics for systematic reviews (SRs). Objective: To develop and transparently describe the results of a procedure for prioritisation of topics that may be submitted for SRs in the NNR2022 project. Design: In an open call, scientists, health professionals, national food and health authorities, food manufacturers, other stakeholders and the general population in the Nordic and Baltic countries were invited to suggest SR topics. The NNR2022 Committee developed scoping reviews (ScRs) for 51 nutrients and food groups aimed at identifying potential SR topics. These ScRs included the relevant nominations from the open call. SR topics were categorised, ranked and prioritised by the NNR2022 Committee in a modified Delphi process. Existing qualified SRs were identified to omit duplication. Results: A total of 45 nominations with suggestion for more than 200 exposure-outcome pairs were received in the public call. A number of additional topics were identified in ScRs. In order to omit duplication with recently qualified SRs, we defined criteria and identified 76 qualified SRs. The NNR2022 Committee subsequently shortlisted 52 PI/ECOTSS statements, none of which overlapped with the qualified SRs. The PI/ ECOTSS statements were then graded 'High' (n = 21), 'Medium' (n = 9) or 'Low' (n = 22) importance, and the PI/ECOTSS statements with 'High' were ranked in a Delphi process. The nine top prioritised PI/ECOTSS included the following exposure-outcome pairs: 1) plant protein intake in children and body growth, 2) pulses/ legumes intake, and cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, 3) plant protein intake in adults, and atherosclerotic/cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, 4) fat quality and mental health, 5) vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 status, 6) intake o
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- 2021
33. Animal protein intake at 12 months is associated with growth factors at the age of six
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Thorisdottir, Birna, Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, Palsson, Gestur Ingvi, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, and Thorsdottir, Inga
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- 2014
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34. Mode of delivery was associated with transient changes in the metabolomic profile of neonates
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Vidarsdottir, Harpa, primary, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Geirsson, Reynir Tomas, additional, Bjarnason, Ragnar, additional, Franzson, Leifur, additional, Valdimarsdottir, Unnur Anna, additional, and Thorkelsson, Thordur, additional
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- 2021
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35. Scientific Opinion on the risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), LeBlanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregård, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug, Line Småstuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, van Loveren, Henk, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, and Schwerdtle, Tanja
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- 2020
36. Annexes to the Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
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European Commission, EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, Schwerdtle, Tanja, European Commission, EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, and Schwerdtle, Tanja
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- 2020
37. Annexes to the Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Ron, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregård, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug, Line Småstuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Van Loveren, Henk, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Ron, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregård, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug, Line Småstuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Van Loveren, Henk, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, and Schwerdtle, Tanja
- Abstract
Annexes to the Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food Annex A - Occurrence and exposure data Annex B - Distribution of analytical results Annex C - Comparison of PFOA and PFOS occurrence and exposure data with previous assessment (EFSA CONTAM Panel, 2018). Also the raw (no data cleaning applied to it) occurrence dataset as extracted from EFSA DWH is provided in csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: action) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields).
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- 2020
38. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
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Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregård, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug, Line Småstuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain Claude, Van Loveren, Henk, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregård, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug, Line Småstuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain Claude, Van Loveren, Henk, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, and Schwerdtle, Tanja
- Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and ‘other children’ showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. ‘Fish meat’, ‘Fruit and fruit products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’ contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to long-term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI, which is of concern.
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- 2020
39. Dietary Exposures to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Fetal Growth
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Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, primary
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- 2011
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40. Zonulin-Dependent Intestinal Permeability in Children Diagnosed with Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Asbjornsdottir, Birna, primary, Snorradottir, Heiddis, additional, Andresdottir, Edda, additional, Fasano, Alessio, additional, Lauth, Bertrand, additional, Gudmundsson, Larus S., additional, Gottfredsson, Magnus, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, and Birgisdottir, Bryndis Eva, additional
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
41. Does metabolomic profile differ with regard to birth weight?
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Vidarsdottir, Harpa, primary, Thorkelsson, Thordur, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Bjarnason, Ragnar, additional, Geirsson, Reynir Tomas, additional, Rinaldo, Piero, additional, and Franzson, Leifur, additional
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- 2020
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42. Insufficient iodine status as a consequence of dietary changes
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Adalsteinsdottir, Solveig, primary, Tryggvadottir, Ellen Alma, additional, Hrolfsdottir, Laufey, additional, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, additional, Birgisdottir, Bryndis Eva, additional, Hreidarsdottir, Ingibjorg Th, additional, Hardardottir, Hildur, additional, Arohonka, Petra, additional, Erlund, Iris, additional, and Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg, additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals
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More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández‐Jerez, Antonio F, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Schlatter, Josef R, Silano, Vittorio, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Benfenati, Emilio, Castle, Laurence, Cedergreen, Nina, Hardy, Anthony, Laskowski, Ryszard, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Ragas, Ad, Posthuma, Leo, Svendsen, Claus, Solecki, Roland, Testai, Emanuela, Dujardin, Bruno, Kass, George E N, et al, and University of Zurich
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3401 Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,2404 Microbiology ,1110 Plant Science ,2405 Parasitology ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,10079 Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology ,1103 Animal Science and Zoology ,1106 Food Science - Published
- 2019
44. Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals
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Committee, EFSA Scientific, More, Simon John, Hardy, Anthony, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Hougaard Bennekou, Susanne, Bragard, Claude, Boesten, Jos, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Jeger, Michael John, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos Panagiotis, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Noteborn, Hubert, Ockleford, Colin, Ricci, Antonia, Rychen, Guido, Schlatter, Josef R, Silano, Vittorio, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schrenk, Dieter, Solecki, Roland, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Benfenati, Emilio, Castle, Laurence, Cedergreen, Nina, Laskowski, Ryszard, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Ragas, Ad, Posthuma, Leo, Svendsen, Claus, Testai, Emanuela, Dujardin, Bruno, Kass, George EN, Manini, Paola, Zare Jeddi, Maryam, Dorne, Jean-Lou CM, Hogstrand, Christer, European Food Safety Authority, RS-Research Line Learning (part of LIRS program), and Academic Field Science
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harmonised methodologies ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,MIXTURE TOXICITY ,MODELS ,UNCERTAINTY ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Hazard analysis ,combined exposure to multiple chemicals ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,0403 veterinary science ,Human health ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,FOOD ,response addition ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,TX341-641 ,Ecological risk ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Exposure assessment ,Animal health ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,risk assessment ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,interactions ,FRAMEWORK ,JOINT ALGAL TOXICITY ,dose addition ,COMMON MECHANISM ,SYNERGISTIC INTERACTIONS ,mixtures ,RESPONSE-SURFACE ,Work (electrical) ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,SAFETY ,Dose addition ,Guidance ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Risk assessment ,Environmental Sciences ,Food Science - Abstract
This Guidance document describes harmonised risk assessment methodologies for combined exposure to multiple chemicals for all relevant areas within EFSA's remit, i.e. human health, animal health and ecological areas. First, a short review of the key terms, scientific basis for combined exposure risk assessment and approaches to assessing (eco)toxicology is given, including existing frameworks for these risk assessments. This background was evaluated, resulting in a harmonised framework for risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals. The framework is based on the risk assessment steps (problem formulation, exposure assessment, hazard identification and characterisation, and risk characterisation including uncertainty analysis), with tiered and stepwise approaches for both whole mixture approaches and component‐based approaches. Specific considerations are given to component‐based approaches including the grouping of chemicals into common assessment groups, the use of dose addition as a default assumption, approaches to integrate evidence of interactions and the refinement of assessment groups. Case studies are annexed in this guidance document to explore the feasibility and spectrum of applications of the proposed methods and approaches for human and animal health and ecological risk assessment. The Scientific Committee considers that this Guidance is fit for purpose for risk assessments of combined exposure to multiple chemicals and should be applied in all relevant areas of EFSA's work. Future work and research are recommended., This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1589/full, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1602/full
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- 2019
45. Comparisons of estimated intakes and plasma concentrations of selected fatty acids in pregnancy
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Madsen, Marie Terese Barlebo, Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt, Furtado, Jeremy D, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Strøm, Marin, Granström, Charlotta, Giovannucci, Edward, Olsen, Sjurdur F, Madsen, Marie Terese Barlebo, Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt, Furtado, Jeremy D, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Strøm, Marin, Granström, Charlotta, Giovannucci, Edward, and Olsen, Sjurdur F
- Abstract
The growing interest in potential health effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) makes it important to evaluate the method used to assess the fatty acid intake in nutrition research studies. We aimed to validate the questionnaire-based dietary intake of selected PUFAs: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) within the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), by comparing 345 women's reported intake with concentration of plasma biomarkers. The applied questionnaire- and biomarker data reflect dietary intake from around the same time point in mid-pregnancy and relationships were investigated by use of Pearson and Spearman correlation and linear regression statistics. We demonstrated moderate but consistent adjusted correlations between dietary intake estimates and the corresponding plasma biomarker concentrations (differences in plasma concentration per 100 mg/day greater intake of 0.05 (95% CI: 0.02; 0.08)) and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.01; 0.08) percentage of total plasma fatty acids for EPA and DHA, respectively). The associations strengthened when restricting the analyses to women with ALA intake below the median intake. We found a weak correlation between the dietary intake of ALA and its plasma biomarker with a difference in plasma concentration of 0.07 (95% CI: 0.03; 0.10) percent of total plasma fatty acids per 1 g/day greater intake, while the dietary intake of LA and AA did not correlate with their corresponding biomarkers.
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- 2019
46. Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals
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EFSA Scientific Committee, ., More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Schlatter, Josef R, Silano, Vittorio, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Benfenati, Emilio, Castle, Laurence, Cedergreen, Nina, Hardy, Anthony, Laskowski, Ryszard, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Ragas, A.M.J., Posthuma, Leo, Svendsen, Claus, Solecki, Roland, Testai, Emanuela, Dujardin, Bruno, Kass, George EN, Manini, Paola, Jeddi, Maryam Zare, Dorne, Jean-Lou CM, Hogstrand, Christer, EFSA Scientific Committee, ., More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Benford, Diane, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Schlatter, Josef R, Silano, Vittorio, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Benfenati, Emilio, Castle, Laurence, Cedergreen, Nina, Hardy, Anthony, Laskowski, Ryszard, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Kortenkamp, Andreas, Ragas, A.M.J., Posthuma, Leo, Svendsen, Claus, Solecki, Roland, Testai, Emanuela, Dujardin, Bruno, Kass, George EN, Manini, Paola, Jeddi, Maryam Zare, Dorne, Jean-Lou CM, and Hogstrand, Christer
- Abstract
Contains fulltext : 204310.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)
- Published
- 2019
47. Mother's dietary quality during pregnancy and offspring's dietary quality in adolescence:Follow-up from a national birth cohort study of 19,582 mother-offspring pairs
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Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Anne, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Tetens, Inge, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Anne, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Tetens, Inge, and Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi
- Abstract
Background: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis postulates that exposures during early life, such as maternal dietary intake during pregnancy, may have a lifelong impact on the individual's susceptibility to diseases. The individual's own lifestyle habits are obviously an additional factor, but we have only limited knowledge regarding how it may interact with prenatal exposures in determining later disease. To gain further insight into these potentially complex relationships, we examined the longitudinal association between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and diet quality in early adolescence in a contemporary cohort.Methods and findings: From 1996 to 2003, the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) was established. Women from across the country were enrolled, and dietary intake in midpregnancy was assessed concurrently with a 360-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (https://www.dnbc.dk/-/media/arkiv/projekt-sites/dnbc/kodeboeger/dnbc-food-frequency-questionnaire/dnbc-food-frequency-questionnaire-pdf.pdf?la=en). During 2013-2018, dietary intake was assessed at age 14 years with a 150-item FFQ (https://www.dnbc.dk/-/media/arkiv/projekt-sites/dnbc/kodeboeger/ffq-14/dnbc-ffq-14-english-translation.pdf?la=en) in the DNBC children. Among the 19,582 mother-offspring pairs included in the analyses, the mean age (±standard deviation [SD]) was 30.7 (±4.1) years and 14.0 (±0.0) years for mothers and offspring, respectively. The majority of both mothers (67%) and offspring (76%) were classified as normal weight. For both questionnaires, a Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was developed as an indicator for diet quality based on current Danish Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) including eight components: fruits and vegetables, fish, dietary fibres, red meat, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), sodium, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and added sugar. The HEI score was divided into quartiles; individuals in
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- 2019
48. Guidance on aneugenicity assessment.
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More, Simon John, Bampidis, Vasileios, Bragard, Claude, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Hernández-Jerez, Antonio F, Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard, Koutsoumanis, Kostas, Lambré, Claude, Machera, Kyriaki, Naegeli, Hanspeter, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schlatter, Josef, Schrenk, Dieter, Turck, Dominique, Younes, Maged, Aquilina, Gabriele, Bignami, Margherita, Bolognesi, Claudia, Crebelli, Riccardo, and Gürtler, Rainer
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BIOTRANSFORMATION (Metabolism) ,BONE marrow ,NUCLEOLUS ,GENETIC mutation ,RISK assessment - Abstract
The EFSA Scientific Committee was asked to provide guidance on the most appropriate in vivo tests to follow up on positive in vitro results for aneugenicity, and on the approach to risk assessment for substances that are aneugenic but not clastogenic nor causing gene mutations. The Scientific Committee confirmed that the preferred approach is to perform an in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test with a relevant route of administration. If this is positive, it demonstrates that the substance is aneugenic in vivo. A negative result with evidence that the bone marrow is exposed to the test substance supports a conclusion that aneugenic activity is not expressed in vivo. If there is no evidence of exposure to the bone marrow, a negative result is viewed as inconclusive and further studies are required. The liver micronucleus assay, even though not yet fully validated, can provide supporting information for substances that are aneugenic following metabolic activation. The gastrointestinal micronucleus test, conversely, to be further developed, may help to assess aneugenic potential at the initial site of contact for substances that are aneugenic in vitro without metabolic activation. Based on the evidence in relation to mechanisms of aneugenicity, the Scientific Committee concluded that, in principle, health-based guidance values can be established for substances that are aneugenic but not clastogenic nor causing gene mutations, provided that a comprehensive toxicological database is available. For situations in which the toxicological database is not sufficient to establish health-based guidance values, some approaches to risk assessment are proposed. The Scientific Committee recommends further development of the gastrointestinal micronucleus test, and research to improve the understanding of aneugenicity to support risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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49. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food
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Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Alexander, Jan, Barregård, Lars, Bignami, Margherita, Brüschweiler, Beat, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cottrill, Bruce, Dinovi, Michael, Edler, Lutz, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Petersen, Annette, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Vleminckx, Christiane, Vollmer, Günter, Wallace, Heather, Bodin, Laurent, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug, Line Småstuen, Johansson, Niklas, van Loveren, Henk, Gergelova, Petra, Mackay, Karen, Levorato, Sara, van Manen, Mathijs, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Knutsen, Helle Katrine, Alexander, Jan, Barregård, Lars, Bignami, Margherita, Brüschweiler, Beat, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cottrill, Bruce, Dinovi, Michael, Edler, Lutz, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Petersen, Annette, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Vleminckx, Christiane, Vollmer, Günter, Wallace, Heather, Bodin, Laurent, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug, Line Småstuen, Johansson, Niklas, van Loveren, Henk, Gergelova, Petra, Mackay, Karen, Levorato, Sara, van Manen, Mathijs, and Schwerdtle, Tanja
- Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were ‘Fish and other seafood’, ‘Meat and meat products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’, for PFOS, and ‘Milk and dairy products’, ‘Drinking water’ and ‘Fish and other seafood’ for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half‐lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2–4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health‐based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
- Published
- 2018
50. Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Status are not associated with Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: a Scandinavian Case-Cohort Study
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Thorsen, Steffen U., Mårild, Karl Staffan, Olsen, Sjurdur Frodi, Holst, Klaus, Tapia, German, Granström, Charlotta, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Cohen, Arieh S., Haugen, Margaretha, Lundqvist, Marika, Skrivarhaug, Torild, Njølstad, Pål Rasmus, Joner, Geir, Magnus, Per, Størdal, Ketil, Svensson, Jannet, and Stene, Lars Christian Mørch
- Published
- 2017
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