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5. A High-Order Ultra-Weak Variational Formulation for Electromagnetic Waves Utilizing Curved Elements

Author

Lähivaara, Timo, Hall, William F., Malinen, Matti, Ota, Dale, Shankar, Vijaya, and Monk, Peter

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The Ultra Weak Variational Formulation (UWVF) is a special Trefftz discontinuous Galerkin method, here applied to the time-harmonic Maxwell's equations. The method uses superpositions of plane waves to represent solutions element-wise on a finite element mesh. We focus on our parallel UWVF implementation, called ParMax, emphasizing high-order solutions in the presence of scatterers with piecewise smooth boundaries. We explain the incorporation of curved surface triangles into the UWVF, necessitating quadrature for system matrix assembly. We also show how to implement a total field and scattered field approach, together with the transmission conditions across an interface to handle resistive sheets. We note also that a wide variety of element shapes can be used, that the elements can be large compared to the wavelength of the radiation, and that a low memory version is easy to implement (although computationally costly). Our contributions are illustrated through numerical examples demonstrating the efficiency enhancement achieved by curved elements in the UWVF. The method accurately handles resistive screens, as well as perfect electric conductor and penetrable scatterers. By employing large curved elements and the low memory approach, we successfully simulated X-band frequency scattering from an aircraft. These innovations demonstrate the practicality of the UWVF for industrial applications.

Published
2023
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7. Alliance A022104/NRG-GI010: The Janus Rectal Cancer Trial: a randomized phase II/III trial testing the efficacy of triplet versus doublet chemotherapy regarding clinical complete response and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

Author

Alvarez, Janet A., Shi, Qian, Dasari, Arvind, Garcia-Aguilar, Julio, Sanoff, Hanna, George, Thomas J., Hong, Theodore, Yothers, Greg, Philip, Philip, Nelson, Garth, Al Baghdadi, Tareq, Alese, Olatunji B., Zambare, Wini, Omer, Dana, Verheij, Floris S., Bercz, Aron, Kim, Min Jung, Buckley, James, Williams, Hannah, George, Manju, Garcia, Reese, Gallagher, Phuong, O’Reilly, Eileen M., Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A., Crawley, Jamie, Shergill, Ardaman, Horvat, Natally, Romesser, Paul B., Hall, William, and Smith, J. Joshua

Published
2024
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13. The Influence of the Pretreatment Immune State on Response to Radiation Therapy in High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Validation Study From NRG/RTOG 0521.

Author

Hall, William, Karrison, Theodore, Rosenthal, Seth, Amin, Mahul, Gomella, Leonard, Purdy, James, Sartor, A, Michalski, Jeff, Garzotto, Mark, Bergom, Carmen, Jani, Ashesh, Lawton, Colleen, Moore, Joan, Gore, Elizabeth, Lee, W, Nguyen, Paul, Danielson, Brita, Sandler, Howard, Feng, Felix, and Simko, Jeffry

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, C-Reactive Protein, Cytokines, Disease-Free Survival, Humans, Immunity, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Prostatic Neoplasms
Abstract

PURPOSE: The immunoinflammatory state has been shown to be associated with poor outcomes after radiation therapy (RT). We conducted an a priori designed validation study using serum specimens from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0521. It was hypothesized the pretreatment inflammatory state would correlate with clinical outcomes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients on RTOG 0521 had serum banked for biomarker validation. This study was designed to validate previous findings showing an association between elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) and shorter biochemical disease free survival (bDFS). CRP levels were measured in pretreatment samples. An exploratory panel of related cytokines was also measured including: monocyte chemotactic protein-1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor. The primary endpoint examined was bDFS. Additional exploratory endpoints included overall survival, distant metastases, and toxicity events attributed to RT. RESULTS: Two hundred and two patients in RTOG/NRG 0521 had serum samples available. Median age was 66 years (48-83), and 90% of patients were White. There was not an association between CRP and bDFS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.07 per 1 log increase in CRP; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.38; P = .60). In the exploratory, unplanned analysis, pretreatment IL-10 was significantly associated with worse bDFS (adjusted HR, 1.61 per log increase; P = .0027) and distant metastases (HR, 1.55 per log increase; P = .028). The association of IL-10 with bDFS was maintained on a multiplicity adjustment. The exploratory analyses of pretreatment levels of interferon-γ, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-13, IL-23 were negatively associated with grade 2 or higher pollakiuria (adjusted odds ratio, 0.64, 0.65, 0.71, 0.72, and 0.74, respectively, all P < .05), and IL-6 was negatively associated with grade 2 or higher erectile dysfunction (odds ratio, 0.62; P = .027). CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment CRP was not associated with a poorer bDFS after RT. In a hypothesis- generating analysis, higher baseline levels of IL-10 were associated with lower rates of bDFS. These findings require additional prospective evaluation.

Published
2022

19. A Framework for Facilitator Actions in Professional Development That Support Mathematicians' Instructional Change

Author

Fortune, Nicholas, Hall, William, Chikhany, Ralph, and Keene, Karen Allen

Abstract

In this work, we discuss the development of descriptive actions that facilitators take in semester-long online professional development geared at supporting instructional change at the undergraduate level. Current work in undergraduate mathematics education includes various large-scale projects aimed to support individuals or departments in reforming their instruction to align with recommendations from professional organizations and existing mathematics education research standards. One research area that has recently grown is the use of online synchronous environments to form collaborations to support the inclusion of student-centered instruction in mathematics. This paper discusses the actions that facilitators take in these collaborative environments and highlights how these actions supported the overall goal of the semester-long online faculty development.

Published
2023
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20. Treatment planning for MR-guided SBRT of pancreatic tumors on a 1.5 T MR-Linac: A global consensus protocol

Author

Grimbergen, Guus, Eijkelenkamp, Hidde, Snoeren, Louk M.W., Bahij, Rana, Bernchou, Uffe, van der Bijl, Erik, Heerkens, Hanne D., Binda, Shawn, Ng, Sylvia S.W., Bouchart, Christelle, Paquier, Zelda, Brown, Kerryn, Khor, Richard, Chuter, Robert, Freear, Linnéa, Dunlop, Alex, Mitchell, Robert Adam, Erickson, Beth A., Hall, William A., Godoy Scripes, Paola, Tyagi, Neelam, de Leon, Jeremiah, Tran, Charles, Oh, Seungjong, Renz, Paul, Shessel, Andrea, Taylor, Edward, Intven, Martijn P.W., and Meijer, Gert J.

Published
2024
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21. Expanding diversity of bunyaviruses identified in mosquitoes

Author

Orba, Yasuko, Abu, Yusuf Eshimutu, Chambaro, Herman M., Lundu, Tapiwa, Muleya, Walter, Eshita, Yuki, Qiu, Yongjin, Harima, Hayato, Kajihara, Masahiro, Mori-Kajihara, Akina, Matsuno, Keita, Sasaki, Michihito, Hall, William W., Hang’ombe, Bernard M., and Sawa, Hirofumi

Published
2023
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22. Transcriptomic-Based Microenvironment Classification Reveals Precision Medicine Strategies for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Author

George, Ben, Kudryashova, Olga, Kravets, Andrey, Thalji, Samih, Malarkannan, Subramaniam, Kurzrock, Razelle, Chernyavskaya, Ekatherina, Gusakova, Mariia, Kravchenko, Dmitry, Tychinin, Dmitry, Savin, Egor, Alekseeva, Lolita, Butusova, Anna, Bagaev, Aleksander, Shin, Nara, Brown, Jessica H., Sethi, Isha, Wang, Dandan, Taylor, Bradley, McFall, Thomas, Kamgar, Mandana, Hall, William A., Erickson, Beth, Christians, Kathleen K., Evans, Douglas B., and Tsai, Susan

Published
2024
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25. Magnetic resonance linear accelerator technology and adaptive radiation therapy: An overview for clinicians.

Author

Hall, William, Paulson, Eric, Li, X, Erickson, Beth, Schultz, Christopher, Tree, Alison, Awan, Musaddiq, McDonald, Brigid, Salzillo, Travis, Glide-Hurst, Carri, Kishan, Amar, Fuller, Clifton, and Low, Daniel

Subjects
0.35 Tesla MR Guidance, 1.5 Tesla MR Guidance, RT adaption, Unity, ViewRay, adaptive image guidance, adaptive radiation therapy, magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiation, personalized radiation therapy, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional, Neoplasms, Particle Accelerators, Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
Abstract

Radiation therapy (RT) continues to play an important role in the treatment of cancer. Adaptive RT (ART) is a novel method through which RT treatments are evolving. With the ART approach, computed tomography or magnetic resonance (MR) images are obtained as part of the treatment delivery process. This enables the adaptation of the irradiated volume to account for changes in organ and/or tumor position, movement, size, or shape that may occur over the course of treatment. The advantages and challenges of ART maybe somewhat abstract to oncologists and clinicians outside of the specialty of radiation oncology. ART is positioned to affect many different types of cancer. There is a wide spectrum of hypothesized benefits, from small toxicity improvements to meaningful gains in overall survival. The use and application of this novel technology should be understood by the oncologic community at large, such that it can be appropriately contextualized within the landscape of cancer therapies. Likewise, the need to test these advances is pressing. MR-guided ART (MRgART) is an emerging, extended modality of ART that expands upon and further advances the capabilities of ART. MRgART presents unique opportunities to iteratively improve adaptive image guidance. However, although the MRgART adaptive process advances ART to previously unattained levels, it can be more expensive, time-consuming, and complex. In this review, the authors present an overview for clinicians describing the process of ART and specifically MRgART.

Published
2022

26. Second-Generation Jak2 Inhibitors for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Are We Ready for Clinical Development?

Author

Beinhoff, Paul, Sabharwal, Lavannya, Udhane, Vindhya, Maranto, Cristina, LaViolette, Peter, Jacobsohn, Kenneth, Tsai, Susan, Iczkowski, Kenneth, Wang, Liang, Hall, William, Dehm, Scott, Kilari, Deepak, and Nevalainen, Marja

Subjects
Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), anti-androgen resistant prostate cancer, castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), prostate cancer (PC), signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat), solid tumors
Abstract

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic and high-risk prostate cancer (PC) inhibits growth pathways driven by the androgen receptor (AR). Over time, ADT leads to the emergence of lethal castrate-resistant PC (CRPC), which is consistently caused by an acquired ability of tumors to re-activate AR. This has led to the development of second-generation anti-androgens that more effectively antagonize AR, such as enzalutamide (ENZ). However, the resistance of CRPC to ENZ develops rapidly. Studies utilizing preclinical models of PC have established that inhibition of the Jak2-Stat5 signaling leads to extensive PC cell apoptosis and decreased tumor growth. In large clinical cohorts, Jak2-Stat5 activity predicts PC progression and recurrence. Recently, Jak2-Stat5 signaling was demonstrated to induce ENZ-resistant PC growth in preclinical PC models, further emphasizing the importance of Jak2-Stat5 for therapeutic targeting for advanced PC. The discovery of the Jak2V617F somatic mutation in myeloproliferative disorders triggered the rapid development of Jak1/2-specific inhibitors for a variety of myeloproliferative and auto-immune disorders as well as hematological malignancies. Here, we review Jak2 inhibitors targeting the mutated Jak2V617F vs. wild type (WT)-Jak2 that are currently in the development pipeline. Among these 35 compounds with documented Jak2 inhibitory activity, those with potency against WT-Jak2 hold strong potential for advanced PC therapy.

Published
2021

27. Is Fidelity of Implementation of an Anti-Bullying Policy Related to Student Bullying and Teacher Protection of Students?

Author

Hall, William J. and Dawes, Hayden C.

Abstract

Bullying is a significant school problem. Policies have been developed to reduce bullying, yet little is known about their implementation, which must occur for these policies to have an effect. This study examines associations between the overall implementation of a state anti-bullying policy and implementation of specific components outlined in the policy with two outcomes: bullying among students and teacher protection of students. Data were collected from 588 educators in K-12 schools across North Carolina a year following the enactment of an anti-bullying law in the state. Results show that overall policy implementation fidelity is inversely related to student bullying and positively related to teacher protection. In addition, the implementation of certain policy components (i.e., educator and student knowledge of bullying reporting procedures, training of educators about protected classes from bullying, student knowledge of protected classes, and educators reporting and remediating bullying based on protected classes) is significantly related to the outcomes. Thus, the implementation of certain anti-bullying policy components may be more potent in addressing bullying. Future research should identify constellations of policy strategies that need to be activated in schools to eliminate bullying.

Published
2019

28. Development of Prostate Bed Delineation Consensus Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Radiotherapy and Assessment of Its Effect on Interobserver Variability

Author

Sritharan, Kobika, Akhiat, Hafid, Cahill, Declan, Choi, Seungtaek, Choudhury, Ananya, Chung, Peter, Diaz, Juan, Dysager, Lars, Hall, William, Huddart, Robert, Kerkmeijer, Linda G.W., Lawton, Colleen, Mohajer, Jonathan, Murray, Julia, Nyborg, Christina J., Pos, Floris J., Rigo, Michele, Schytte, Tine, Sidhom, Mark, Sohaib, Aslam, Tan, Alex, van der Voort van Zyp, Jochem, Vesprini, Danny, Zelefsky, Michael J., and Tree, Alison C.

Published
2024
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30. Combination therapy with oral antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs improves the efficacy of delayed treatment in a COVID-19 hamster model

Author

Sasaki, Michihito, Sugi, Tatsuki, Iida, Shun, Hirata, Yuichiro, Kusakabe, Shinji, Konishi, Kei, Itakura, Yukari, Tabata, Koshiro, Kishimoto, Mai, Kobayashi, Hiroko, Ariizumi, Takuma, Intaruck, Kittiya, Nobori, Haruaki, Toba, Shinsuke, Sato, Akihiko, Matsuno, Keita, Yamagishi, Junya, Suzuki, Tadaki, Hall, William W., Orba, Yasuko, and Sawa, Hirofumi

Published
2024
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34. Genomic Classifier Performance in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: Results From NRG Oncology/RTOG 0126 Randomized Phase 3 Trial

Author

Spratt, Daniel E., Liu, Vinnie Y.T., Michalski, Jeff, Davicioni, Elai, Berlin, Alejandro, Simko, Jeffry P., Efstathiou, Jason A., Tran, Phuoc T., Sandler, Howard M., Hall, William A., Thompson, Darby J.S., Parliament, Matthew B., Dayes, Ian S., Correa, Rohann Jonathan Mark, Robertson, John M., Gore, Elizabeth M., Doncals, Desiree E., Vigneault, Eric, Souhami, Luis, Karrison, Theodore G., and Feng, Felix Y.

Published
2023
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36. NRG Oncology Updated International Consensus Atlas on Pelvic Lymph Node Volumes for Intact and Postoperative Prostate Cancer

Author

Hall, William A, Paulson, Eric, Davis, Brian J, Spratt, Daniel E, Morgan, Todd M, Dearnaley, David, Tree, Alison C, Efstathiou, Jason A, Harisinghani, Mukesh, Jani, Ashesh B, Buyyounouski, Mark K, Pisansky, Thomas M, Tran, Phuoc T, Karnes, R Jeffrey, Chen, Ronald C, Cury, Fabio L, Michalski, Jeff M, Rosenthal, Seth A, Koontz, Bridget F, Wong, Anthony C, Nguyen, Paul L, Hope, Thomas A, Feng, Felix, Sandler, Howard M, and Lawton, Colleen AF

Subjects
Physical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Urologic Diseases, Cancer, Consensus, Humans, Internationality, Lymph Nodes, Male, Oncologists, Organ Size, Pelvis, Prostatic Neoplasms, Other Physical Sciences, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis, Theoretical and computational chemistry, Medical and biological physics
Abstract

PurposeIn 2009, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) genitourinary members published a consensus atlas for contouring prostate pelvic nodal clinical target volumes (CTVs). Data have emerged further informing nodal recurrence patterns. The objective of this study is to provide an updated prostate pelvic nodal consensus atlas.Methods and materialsA literature review was performed abstracting data on nodal recurrence patterns. Data were presented to a panel of international experts, including radiation oncologists, radiologists, and urologists. After data review, participants contoured nodal CTVs on 3 cases: postoperative, intact node positive, and intact node negative. Radiation oncologist contours were analyzed qualitatively using count maps, which provided a visual assessment of controversial regions, and quantitatively analyzed using Sorensen-Dice similarity coefficients and Hausdorff distances compared with the 2009 RTOG atlas. Diagnostic radiologists generated a reference table outlining considerations for determining clinical node positivity.ResultsEighteen radiation oncologists' contours (54 CTVs) were included. Two urologists' volumes were examined in a separate analysis. The mean CTV for the postoperative case was 302 cm3, intact node positive case was 409 cm3, and intact node negative case was 342 cm3. Compared with the original RTOG consensus, the mean Sorensen-Dice similarity coefficient for the postoperative case was 0.63 (standard deviation [SD] 0.13), the intact node positive case was 0.68 (SD 0.13), and the intact node negative case was 0.66 (SD 0.18). The mean Hausdorff distance (in cm) for the postoperative case was 0.24 (SD 0.13), the intact node positive case was 0.23 (SD 0.09), and intact node negative case was 0.33 (SD 0.24). Four regions of CTV controversy were identified, and consensus for each of these areas was reached.ConclusionsDiscordance with the 2009 RTOG consensus atlas was seen in a group of experienced NRG Oncology and international genitourinary radiation oncologists. To address areas of variability and account for new data, an updated NRG Oncology consensus contour atlas was developed.

Published
2021

37. Considering benefit and risk before routinely recommending SpaceOAR

Author

Hall, William A, Tree, Alison C, Dearnaley, David, Parker, Christopher C, Prasad, Vinay, Roach, Mack, and Lawton, Colleen AF

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Brachytherapy, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Male, Organs at Risk, Patient Safety, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Injuries, Rectum, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Published
2021

42. Analysis of a Biopsy-Based Genomic Classifier in High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Meta-Analysis of the NRG Oncology/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9202, 9413, and 9902 Phase 3 Randomized Trials

Author

Nguyen, Paul L., Huang, Huei-Chung (Rebecca), Spratt, Daniel E., Davicioni, Elai, Sandler, Howard M., Shipley, William U., Efstathiou, Jason A., Simko, Jeffry P., Pollack, Alan, Dicker, Adam P., Roach, Mack, Rosenthal, Seth A., Zeitzer, Kenneth L., Mendez, Lucas C., Hartford, Alan C., Hall, William A., Desai, Anand B., Rabinovitch, Rachel A., Peters, Christopher A., Rodgers, Joseph P., Tran, Phuoc, and Feng, Felix Y.

Published
2023
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43. Gleason pattern 5 is associated with an increased risk for metastasis following androgen deprivation therapy and radiation: An analysis of RTOG 9202 and 9902

Author

Hamstra, Daniel A, Pugh, Stephanie L, Lepor, Herbert, Rosenthal, Seth A, Pienta, Kenneth J, Gomella, Leonard, Peters, Christopher, D'Souza, David Paul, Zeitzer, Kenneth L, Jones, Christopher U, Hall, William A, Horwitz, Eric, Pisansky, Thomas M, Souhami, Luis, Hartford, Alan C, Dominello, Michael, Feng, Felix, and Sandler, Howard M

Subjects
Clinical Research, Aged, Androgen Antagonists, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Staging, Prostate, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk, Survival Analysis, Prostate cancer, Gleason score, Distant metastasis, Radiation therapy, Other Physical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

Background/purposeStratification of Gleason score (GS) into three categories (2-6, 7, and 8-10) may not fully utilize its prognostic discrimination, with Gleason pattern 5 (GP5) previously identified as an independent adverse factor.Materials/methodsPatients treated on RTOG 9202 (n = 1292) or RTOG 9902 (n = 378) were pooled and assessed for association of GS and GP5 on biochemical failure (BF), local failure (LF), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS). Fine and Gray's regression and cumulative incidence methods were used for univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsWith median follow-up of 9.4 years, patients with GS 8-10 with GP5 had worse outcome than GS 4 + 4 for DM on both RTOG9202 (p = 0.038) and RTOG9902 (p

Published
2019

44. Magnetic Resonance-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: The First Results from the MOMENTUM study—An International Registry for the Evidence-Based Introduction of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy

Author

Teunissen, Frederik R., Willigenburg, Thomas, Tree, Alison C., Hall, William A., Choi, Seungtaek L., Choudhury, Ananya, Christodouleas, John P., de Boer, Johannes C.J., de Groot-van Breugel, Eline N., Kerkmeijer, Linda G.W., Pos, Floris J., Schytte, Tine, Vesprini, Danny, Verkooijen, Helena M., and van der Voort van Zyp, Jochem R.N.

Published
2023
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45. Real-world Practice Patterns and Safety of Concurrent Radiotherapy and Cabozantinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium

Author

Loo Gan, Chun, Huang, Jiaming, Pan, Elizabeth, Xie, Wanling, Schmidt, Andrew L., Labaki, Chris, Meza, Luis, Bouchard, Gabrielle, Li, Haoran, Jackson-Spence, Francesca, Sánchez-Ruiz, Carla, Powles, Thomas, Kumar, Shruti A., Weise, Nicole, Hall, William A., Rose, Brent S., Beuselinck, Benoit, Suarez, Cristina, Pal, Sumanta K., Choueiri, Toni K., Heng, Daniel Y.C., and McKay, Rana R.

Published
2023
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