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Türkiye’de son zamanlarda yaşanan enflasyon ve buna gıda fiyatlarının yükselmesi bitkisel ve hayvansal üretimi en çok tartışılan konular arasına almıştır. Özellikle artan kırmız et fiyatları ile başa çıkmak için artan kırmızı et ve et ürünleri ithalatı önemli bir sorundur. Bu sorunun çözümünde özellikle Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi ve küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği öncelikli bir alandır. Bu çalışmada Bitlis ili Mutki ilçesinde, koyun keçi yetiştiriciliği yapan yetiştiricilerin, sosyo ekonomik özellikleri ile hayvan besleme bilgi düzeyleri ortaya konularak rasyonel bir küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği için alınması gereken önlemlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini Bitlis ili Mutki ilçesinde koyun keçi yetiştiren işletmelerinden veri temin formları kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme ile derlenen veriler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler bilgisayar ortamına aktarılarak SPSS.25 istatistik paket programı aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Kategorik veriler Ki Kare testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Testin anlamlılık düzeyi için p

Leg problems are one of the most important problems in broiler breeding. In this study, a total of 20 broilers (Ross 308) 10 healthy (SG) and 10 legs diseased (AHG) were used. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) amounts were measured to determine the antioxidant metabolism in some tissues. The CAT activity, GSH and LPO amounts were increased in kidney tissue of the leg diseased group (P

The aim of this study was to determine the effects on some serum parameters of wheat and corn gluten diet, which is also a high protein source. A total of 24 male rats aged 20 days and divided into 3 groups, each containing 8 rats were used in the study. The majority of the protein content in the diet of soybean meal as a Control group; in the diet of wheat gluten as a Wheat group; in the diet of corn gluten as a Corn group were composed. At the end of the study, blood samples taken from all animals were analysed. In the study, serum glucose, TP, urea, creatinine and BUN levels were found to be significantly decreased in Corn group compared to Wheat group. Serum ALT levels were similar with the Control and Wheat groups, but it was found to be significantly decreased in the Corn group. Serum AST levels were significantly lower in the Corn group. Serum GGT levels were significantly lower in both Corn and Wheat groups compared to Control group. Serum Ca and P levels were similar with all groups, whereas Mg levels were significantly decreased in Wheat and Corn groups compared to the Control group. As a result, it can be said that corn gluten added to the diet has more positive effects than wheat gluten in terms of both liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT and GGT) and renal parameters (Urea and BUN).

In this study, the effects of the supplementation of lamb rations with Yucca schidigera powder (YSP) on water activity, pH, lipid peroxidation, oxidation of colour parameters and microbial counts in the Musculus gluteo biceps and Musculus longissimus dorsi were investigated. Three groups were established, namely, the Control group fed on a basal ration and Groups YSPI and YSPII given a basal ration added 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of Yucca schidigera powder, respectively. YSP affected pH and lipid peroxidation in the gluteo biceps and longissimus dorsi muscles, L* (Lightness) in the former and L* and a* (redness) in the latter. YSP reduced Enterobacteriaceae and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts in both muscles, while its effects on total psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria, Micrococcus / Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus aureus , yeast and mold counts varied. Prolonged storage negatively affected the quality of both muscles, but YSP provided significant amelioration. Dietary supplementation with YSP improved meat quality and shelf life. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 86-94

Buaraştırmada sıcaklık stresine maruz bırakılan broylerlerin rasyonlarına katılanvitamin C (L-askorbik asit) ve α-lipoik asidin karaciğer ve but eti dokularındaantioksidan metabolizma üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Araştırmada 4 grupoluşturuldu; Kontrol (bazal rasyon + 24°C sıcaklık), Stres (bazal rasyon + 34°Csıcaklık), Vit C (bazal rasyon + 250 mg askorbik asit/kg rasyon + 34°Csıcaklık) ve ALA (bazal rasyon + 250 mg α-lipoik asit/kg rasyon + 34°Csıcaklık). Araştırmanın sonunda kesilen hayvanların karaciğer ve but eti dokularındakatalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktiviteleri ile lipid peroksidasyon(LPO) ve glutatyon (GSH) seviyeleri belirlendi. Sıcaklık stresinin karaciğer vebut etinde CAT ve SOD aktiviteleri ile LPO ve GSH seviyelerini olumsuzetkilediği tespit edildi. Vitamin C’nin karaciğerde CAT ve SOD aktiveleri ileLPO seviyesini, but etinde CAT ve SOD aktiviteleri ile GSH seviyesini önemlioranda düzelttiği belirlendi. α-lipoik asidin ise karaciğerde SOD aktivitesiile LPO ve GSH seviyelerini, but etinde LPO ve GSH seviyelerini önemli orandadüzelttiği görüldü. Sonuç olarak stres karaciğer ve but eti dokularındaantioksidan metabolizmayı olumsuz etkilerken, vitamin C ve α-lipoik asitkatkılarının antioksidan etkilerinin dokulara göre değişebileceği tespit edilmiştir., The present study was aimed to investigate the effectof adding vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) or α-lipoic acid to the diet of broilersexposed to heat stress on antioxidant metabolism in liver and drumstick muscletissues. In the study, four groups were established: Control (basal diet + 24°Ctemperature), Stress (basal diet + 34°C temperature), Vit C (basaldiet + 250 mg L-ascorbic acid/kg ration + 34°C temperature and ALA (basal diet+ 250 mg α-lipoic acid/kg ration + 34°C temperature). Catalase (CAT) andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with lipid peroxidation (LPO) andglutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the liver and drumstick meattissues of the animals slaughtered at the end of the study. It was determinedthat heat stress negatively affected CAT and SOD activities with LPO and GSHlevels in liver and drumstick meat tissues. Vitamin C significantly restoredhepatic CAT and SOD activities with LPO levels, and drumstick CAT and SODactivities with LPO levels. α-lipoic acid significantly restored hepatic SODactivity with LPO and GSH levels, and drumstick LPO and GSH levels. Inconclusion, while heat stress negatively affects antioxidant metabolism inliver and drumstick meat tissues, it has been determined that the antioxidant effectsof vitamin C and α-lipoic acid supplementation may vary depending on thetissues.

WOS: 000446302300012, Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid found in marine brown algae. This study investigated the impact of fucoxanthin on the growth performance, antioxidant metabolism and meat quality of broilers. Overall, 180 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to one control group (CONT) and 2 treatment groups (FUCO1 and FUCO2), with six replicates of 10 birds each. The CONT, FUCO1 and FUCO2 birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 mg/kg of fucoxanthin, respectively. Average body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were similar among the groups. Fucoxanthin increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels (p

This study was conducted to determine the effect of diets containing different levels of thyme essential oil (Thymus vulgaris) on antioxidative metabolism in breast meat of quails. A total of 200 sixteen-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used in this study. Animals were divided into four groups with five replicates of 10 animals each; control group was fed only basal diet but 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg thyme essential oil were added to diet of groups thyme 1, thyme 2 and thyme 3, respectively. At the end of the study, ten quails were selected randomly from every group and decapitated. The analyses were made on their breast meat. In thyme groups, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly higher than the control group (P, Bu çalışmada, bıldırcın rasyonuna katılan farklı miktarlardaki kekik esansiyel yağının göğüs etinde antioksidan metabolizma üzerine etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışmada toplam 200 adet 16 günlük yaşta Japon bıldırcını (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kullanıldı. Hayvanlar, kontrol, kekik 1, kekik 2 ve kekik 3 olmak üzere dört gruba, her grup ta her birinde 10 hayvan olacak şekilde beş alt gruba ayrıldı. Gruplara sırasıyla bazal rasyona ilave olarak 0, 150, 300 ve 450 mg/kg kekik esansiyel yağı katıldı. Çalışmanın sonunda her gruptan rastgele seçilen 10 adet bıldırcın kesilerek göğüs etinde analiz yapıldı. Kekik esansiyel yağı uygulanan gruplarda Glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px) aktivitesi kontrol grubuna göre önemli oranda yüksek bulundu (P

Bu araştırmada sıcaklık stresine maruz bırakılan broylerlerin rasyonlarına katılan vitamin C (L-askorbik asit) ve ?-lipoik asidin karaciğer ve but eti dokularında antioksidan metabolizma üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Araştırmada 4 grup oluşturuldu; Kontrol (bazal rasyon + 24°C sıcaklık), Stres (bazal rasyon + 34°C sıcaklık), Vit C (bazal rasyon + 250 mg askorbik asit/kg rasyon + 34°C sıcaklık) ve ALA (bazal rasyon + 250 mg ?-lipoik asit/kg rasyon + 34°C sıcaklık). Araştırmanın sonunda kesilen hayvanların karaciğer ve but eti dokularında katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktiviteleri ile lipid peroksidasyon (LPO) ve glutatyon (GSH) seviyeleri belirlendi. Sıcaklık stresinin karaciğer ve but etinde CAT ve SOD aktiviteleri ile LPO ve GSH seviyelerini olumsuz etkilediği tespit edildi. Vitamin C'nin karaciğerde CAT ve SOD aktiveleri ile LPO seviyesini, but etinde CAT ve SOD aktiviteleri ile GSH seviyesini önemli oranda düzelttiği belirlendi. ?-lipoik asidin ise karaciğerde SOD aktivitesi ile LPO ve GSH seviyelerini, but etinde LPO ve GSH seviyelerini önemli oranda düzelttiği görüldü. Sonuç olarak stres karaciğer ve but eti dokularında antioksidan metabolizmayı olumsuz etkilerken, vitamin C ve ?-lipoik asit katkılarının antioksidan etkilerinin dokulara göre değişebileceği tespit edilmiştir, The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of adding vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) or ?-lipoic acid to the diet of broilers exposed to heat stress on antioxidant metabolism in liver and drumstick muscle tissues. In the study, four groups were established: Control (basal diet + 24°C temperature), Stress (basal diet + 34°C temperature), Vit C (basal diet + 250 mg L-ascorbic acid/kg ration + 34°C temperature and ALA (basal diet + 250 mg ?-lipoic acid/kg ration + 34°C temperature). Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the liver and drumstick meat tissues of the animals slaughtered at the end of the study. It was determined that heat stress negatively affected CAT and SOD activities with LPO and GSH levels in liver and drumstick meat tissues. Vitamin C significantly restored hepatic CAT and SOD activities with LPO levels, and drumstick CAT and SOD activities with LPO levels. ?-lipoic acid significantly restored hepatic SOD activity with LPO and GSH levels, and drumstick LPO and GSH levels. In conclusion, while heat stress negatively affects antioxidant metabolism in liver and drumstick meat tissues, it has been determined that the antioxidant effects of vitamin C and ?-lipoic acid supplementation may vary depending on the tissues

Bu çalışmada, bıldırcın rasyonuna katılan farklı miktarlardaki kekik uçucu yağının göğüs etinde bazı mikrobiyolojik ve fizikokimyasal özelliklerine etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışmada 16 günlük toplam 200 adet Japon bıldırıcını (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kullanıldı. Gruplandırma Kontrol, Kekik1, Kekik2 ve Kekik3 olmak üzere 4 grup (her grup 5 alt gruba ayrıldı) şeklinde yapıldı ve grupların bazal rasyonuna sırasıyla 0, 150, 300 ve 450 mg/kg kekik uçucu yağı ilave edildi. Kekik uçucu yağı ve depolama süresinin göğüs etinde su aktivitesi (aw), pH ve renk parametrelerini [L*(parlaklık), a* (kırmızılık), b* (sarılık)] etkilemediği belirlendi (P>0.05). Ayrıca, kekik uçucu yağının Koliform, Lactobacillus spp., toplam psikrofil aerob bakteri (TPAB) ve Pseudomonas spp. üzerine antibakteriyel etkisinin sınırlı ve değişken olduğu tespit edildi (P, In this study, the effects of thyme essential oil, added in different amounts to the diet of quails on some microbiological and physicochemical properties of breast meat were investigated. A total of 200 sixteen-days-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) constituted the material of the study. Four groups were established, including a Control group and groups Thyme1, Thyme2 and Thyme3, which received a basal diet alone, a basal diet + 150 mg/kg thyme essential oil, a basal diet + 300 mg/kg thyme essential oil and a basal diet + 450 mg/kg thyme essential oil, respectively. Each group was randomly divided into 5 subgroups, comprised of 10 quails each. It was observed that neither thyme essential oil supplementation nor storage period had an effect on water activity (aw), pH and color parameters [L*(lightness), a*(redness), b*(yellowness)] of breast meat (P>0.05). Also, it was determined that thyme essential oil applications had a limited and variable effect on coliform, Lactobacillus spp, total psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria (TPAB) and Pseudomonas spp. (P

Bu çalışma, etlik piliç rasyonuna ilave edilen fukoksantinin serumda lipid profili ve bazı metabolik parametreler üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 180 adet günlük erkek civciv (Ross 308) kullanılmıştır. Deneme 42 gün sürdürülmüştür. Gruplandırma Kontrol (K), F1 ve F2 grupları şeklinde yapılmıştır ve gruplara bazal rasyona ilave olarak sırasıyla 0, 100 ve 200 mg/kg rasyon fukoksantin katılmıştır. Biyokimyasal analizler çalışmanın sonunda (43. gününde) her gruptan 10 adet hayvandan alınan serum numunelerinde yapılmıştır. Fukoksantin uygulamasının sadece F2 grubunda serum trigliserit (TG) seviyesini arttırdığı, total kolesterol (TK), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-K) ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-K) seviyelerini etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Serum glikoz, kalsiyum, fosfor ve magnezyum seviyelerinin tüm gruplarda benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir. F2 grubunun total protein ve albümin seviyeleri K grubuna benzer olurken F1 grubuna göre önemli düzeyde azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca F2 grubunun ürik asit seviyesinin K grubuna göre önemli düzeyde azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak fukoksantinin serum parametrelerini sınırlı düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür.

Bu çalışmada kekik yağının performans ve bazı kan parametreleri ile karaciğer ve Musculus longissimus dorsi dokularında lipid oksidasyon (LPO) ve glutatyon (GSH) oranları ile süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) enzim aktivitelerinin antioksidan metabolizma üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma üç grup halinde yürütülmüştür. Gruplandırma ise bazal rasyon verilen kontrol grubu, bazal rasyona ilave olarak 200 mg/kg Orego-Stim verilen OEO1 grubu ve bazal rasyona ilave olarak 400 mg/kg Orego-Stim verilen OEO2 grubu şeklinde yapılmıştır. Grupların performans parametreleri arasında fark bulunmamıştır. Kontrol ve OEO2 gruplarının serum kalsiyum ve potasyum seviyeleri OEO1 grubuna göre yüksek bulunmuştur (P, In this study, the effects of oregano essential oil, on performance, some blood parameters, the antioxidant metabolism such as lipid oxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in the liver and the Musculus longissimus dorsi (meat) tissue were investigated. The study consisted of three groups; the control group fed a basal ration, the OEO1 group fed a basal ration added 200 mg/kg Orego-Stim and the OEO2 group fed a basal lamb ration added 400 mg/kg Orego-Stim. The groups did not differ for performance parameters. In groups control and OEO2, serum calcium and potassium levels were significantly higher than the group of OEO1 (P

1. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of adding ascorbic acid or α-lipoic acid to to the diet of broilers exposed to heat stress on performance and meat quality. 2. Heat stress caused a decrease in final body weight and feed consumption, whilst ascorbic acid (AA) and α-lipoic acid (ALA) partly prevented the decrease in final body weight of males. 3. While heat stress increased the pH values of broiler drumsticks and breast meat, AA and ALA partly reduced this increase. For meat quality, AA and ALA reduced the adverse effects on the relative yellowness value, particularly on d 14 of storage. 4. It was determined that heat stress affected the microbiological quality of meat adversely, and that AA and ALA alleviated this effect to a certain extent. 5. In conclusion, while heat stress affected body weight gain and meat quality adversely, the supplementation of the ration with AA and ALA partly alleviated these adverse effects.

WOS: 000452607600010, Although oregano essential oil has common use in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food sectors, information on its effects on meat quality and shelf life, when incorporated into lamb feed rations, is scarce. In this study, the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) in feed on the water activity, pH, lipid peroxidation, color parameters, and microbial counts of the Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) were investigated. The control group was fed a basal ration and the OEO1 and OEO2 groups were fed a basal ration supplemented with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Akkaraman lambs were fed experimental rations for a period of 56 days and were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Lipid peroxidation of the MLD was significantly affected by storage time (ST), group (G) and ST x G, while pH was affected by ST. Lightness was significantly affected by ST, G, and ST x G; redness by ST and G; and yellowness by ST and ST x G. The Micrococcus/Staphylococcus, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, and total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria counts were significantly affected by ST, G, and ST x G; Pseudomonas spp. counts by ST; and coliform counts by ST and ST x G. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of OEO were confirmed.

WOS: 000374105800002, In this study, Yucca schidigera powder (YSP) added to lamb feed was investigated for its effects on performance, some blood parameters, the immune system, and the antioxidative metabolism of the hepatic tissue. Throughout a 10-week fattening period, twenty-four 2.5-month-old male Akkaraman lambs were used. Three groups were established, including a control group (C) and groups YSPI and YSPII, which received a basal ration alone, a basal ration + 100 ppm YSP, and a basal ration + 200 ppm YSP, respectively. The groups did not differ for performance parameters (P > 0.05). While 100 ppm YSP increased serum NH3 levels (P < 0.05), 200 ppm YSP significantly decreased serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and Mg levels (P < 0.05). The groups did not differ for antibody titers against the Brucella melitensis vaccine (Rev 1). In groups YSPI and YSPII, hepatic CAT activity and LPO levels were significantly lower than those of Group C (P < 0.01). While the GSH levels of group YSPI were significantly higher than those of groups C and YSPII, the SOD activity of group YSPII was significantly lower than those of groups C and YSPI (P < 0.01). As a result, while YSP did not affect the performance parameters or immune system, it significantly affected NH3 levels, lipid metabolism, and the antioxidant system., Ataturk University [BAP 2008 / 189], The authors would like to thank Ataturk University for financially supporting this study (BAP 2008 / 189). This study was summarized from the PhD thesis of Recep Gumus, titled "The effect of saponin (Yucca schidigera) added to lamb feed on fattening performance, rumen and some blood parameters, the immune system and the antioxidative metabolism of the hepatic tissue".

Bu çalışma kuzu rasyonlarına farklı miktarlarda Yucca schidigera (YS) tozu ilavesinin rumen total protozoa sayısı ve pH'sı üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada 24 adet, 2.5 aylık yaşta, sütten kesilmiş erkek Akkaraman ırkı kuzu kullanıldı. Kuzular her birinde 8 hayvan bulunan 3 ana gruba, her ana gruptaki kuzular her birinde 2 kuzu bulunan 4 alt gruba ayrıldı. Ana gruplardan birisi sadece kuzu büyütme yemi ile beslenirken (Kontrol (K)), diğer ana gruplar kuzu büyütme yemine 100 ppm YS tozu (YS100) ve 200 ppm YS tozu (YS200) ilave edilerek beslendi. Ayrıca tüm hayvanlara günlük 125 g buğday samanı verildi. Çalışma 10 gün alıştırma, 70 gün deneme olmak üzere 80 gün sürdürüldü. Deneme periyodu sonunda rumen sıvısı örnekleri alınarak total protozoa sayımı ve pH ölçümü (yemlemeden sonraki 0., 2., 4., 6. saatlerde) yapıldı. Gruplar arasında rumen total protozoa sayısı bakımından farklılık bulunmadı. Rumen pH'sı YS100 grubunda, K grubuna göre sadece yem verildikten sonraki 2. saatte yüksek bulunurken, diğer zamanlarda gruplar arasında farklılık tespit edilmedi. Sonuç olarak, kuzu rasyonlarına 100 ve 200 ppm YS tozu ilavesinin rumen total protozoa sayısını etkilemediği, rumen pH'sını ise belirli zaman aralığında yükselttiği tespit edildi., This study investigated different levels of Yucca schidigera (YS) powder added to lamb ration on total rumen number of protozoa and pH. Twenty-four 2.5-month-old weaned male Akkaraman lambs were used in the study. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group contained 8 lambs, they were divided into 4 subgroup each of them consisting 2 lambs. One of the groups fed with grower diet (Control (C)). The other groups were fed with same diet but additionally 100 ppm (YS100) or 200 ppm (YS 200) YS powder added their diet. Additionally, all the animals were fed 125 g/d wheat straw. The study lasted for 80 days as 10 days for adaptation and 70 days for experimental period. Rumen fluids samples were taken at the end of the experimental period, and then the total numbers of protozoa and pH (at 0., 2., 4., 6. hours after feeding) were determined. There were no differences among the groups in terms of the total numbers of protozoa. Rumen pH of YS100 group was higher than other groups for second hour after feeding. There were no differences on the pH among the groups all other times. While results of this study revealed that 100 or 200 ppm YS powder added to lamb ration had not effect total numbers of protozoa, it was observed to increase the rumen pH in a certain times.

Tibial diskondoplazi (TD) piliclerin refahini bozmakta ve ekonomik kayiplara neden olmaktadir. Bu calisma TD’nin metabolik parametrelere etkisini ve etiyolojisini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Bu nedenle hayvanlarin kan serumlarinda mineral, lipit, protein, glikoz, urik asit ve enzim degerleri ve tibiotarsal eklem dokusundaki histopatolojik degisimler tespit edilmistir. Arastirmada10 adet TD’li ve 10 adet saglikli broiler (Ross 308) kullanilmistir. Tibial diskondoplazili hayvanlarin kan serumlarindaki kalsiyum, fosfor seviyesi ve serbest yag asitleri orani saglikli hayvanlardan dusuk; tigliserit, kolesterol, dusuk yogunluklu lipoprotein (LDL), cok dusuk yogunluklu lipoprotein (VLDL) oranlari, urik asit ve kreatinin miktarlari ise yuksek bulunmustur (P

Antioxidant vitamins are commonly used as colorant, preventive, sweetener, nutritive and antioxidant materials in food industry. Thus, many studies have been conducted in recent years. We have performed the present study to understand the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA), vitamin C and E, added into rations of Japanese quails, on chronic heat stress. This study was carried out in five groups as: control, stress, ALA, vitamin E and vitamin C groups. Heat stress is applied to all groups except the control group. Superficial pectoral muscles tissues were used for biochemical determinations. During the research, it is found that heat stress exerted undesired effects such as increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) level indicating oxidative stress in Japanese quails. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities and glutathione (GSH) amounts were studied to understand the behaviour of defence mechanism. While stress increased LPO ratio, it was determined that all antioxidant added into the ration decreases LPO significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that all of antioxidants added into ration effectively restored SOD activity and LPO ratio which heat stress affected negatively. Interestingly, vitamin C did not adjust GSH ratio in contrast to vitamin E and ALA, where vitamin E and C did not perform any positive effect on heat stress decreased CAT activity. Finally, it can be thought that antioxidant vitamins relatively ameliorated these undesired affects caused by stress factors given.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the etiology of indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage. This study investigated ascorbic acid (vitamin C)'s protective effects against oxidative gastric mucosal damage induced by indomethacin. Ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant because it can donate a hydrogen atom and form a relatively stable ascorbyl free radical. We have investigated alterations in the levels of myeloperoxidase, antioxidant system enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), lipid peroxidation and glutathione, as markers for ulceration process following oral administration of ascorbic acid, famotidine, lansoprazole, and ranitidine in rats with indomethacin-induced ulcers. In the present study, we found that (1) ascorbic acid, famotidine, lansoprazole and ranitidine reduced the development of indomethacin-induced gastric damages; (2) the administration of indomethacin caused a significant decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione, and an increase in the lipid peroxidation level; (3) the administration of ascorbic acid reversed the trend, inducing a significant increase of these enzymes' levels and a reduction in lipid peroxidation level in tissues; and (4) catalase, glutathione reductase and myeloperoxidase activities, increased by indomethacin, were found to be lower in the ascorbic acid, famotidine, lansoprazole and ranitidine-treated groups. The results indicate that the gastroprotective properties of ascorbic acid could be related to its positive effects on the antioxidant system and myeloperoxidase activity in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats.

This research was carried out to determine the effects of sorghum (BS = basal diets containing 30% sorghum), corn (BC = basal diets containing corn) and supplemental methionine (BSM = diet BS plus 0.69% methionine, BCM = diet BC plus 0.69% methionine) in broiler diets on the cold carcass weight and cut-up pieces weight of broilers and some chemical, physical and microbiological properties of breast and drumstick meats. A total 240 male (120) or female (120) broiler chicks (Ross-308) were allocated to four dietary treatments (BS, BSM, BC, and BCM groups) in a completely randomized experimental design. At the end of the trial all chicks were slaughtered, and then were stored at 3°C for 24 h. After standard dissection of carcasses, cut-up pieces are weighed. The breasts and drumstick muscles were analyzed for moisture, pH, ash, fat, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), color (L*, a*, and b*), total psychrotrophic, lactic acid, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus, S. aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae counts. Although cold carcass and cut-up pieces weights were positively affected from supplemental methionine containing corn diet. However, weight were not influenced by supplemental methionine in diet containing sorghum and the other groups. While the highest whole breast weight is determined from broilers fed with corn and 0.69% methionine (BCM), the highest drumstick weight was determined from broilers fed with only sorghum (BS). The weights of cold carcasses and cut-up pieces of male broilers were higher than that of female. Except for redness (a* value), other parameters are affected by treatments. The effects of type of meat (breast and drumstick meats) and gender were also variable. The moisture, pH, TBARS, fat, a*, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae count were lower ( p

1. This study was designed to determine the effects of heat stress exposure on broiler fattening performance, meat quality and microbial counts. 2. Six groups were established: CHP (24°C+210 g/kg crude protein (CP)), SHP (34°C+210 g/kg CP), CLP (24°C+190 g/kg CP), SLP (34°C+190 g/kg CP), SHPVE (34°C+210 g/kg CP+Vitamin E) and SLPVE (34°C+190 g/kg CP+Vitamin E) groups. 3. It was determined that the body weights of the male animals included in Group CHP displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to those of Groups SHP, CLP and SLP. Furthermore, it was ascertained that the values of Group CLP also displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to those of Groups CHP, SHP and SLP. The feed consumptions in Groups CHP and CLP were significantly different from those of the remaining groups, excluding Group SHP. The highest feed conversion rate was determined in Group SHPVE. 4. When evaluated for chicken drumstick TBA values, Group CHP differed significantly from Groups SHP, SHPVE, CLP and SLP, whilst Group CLP differed significantly from Groups SHP, SHPVE and SLP. On the other hand, when evaluated for breast meat TBA values, Group CHP displayed statistically significant differences in comparison to Groups SHP, SLP and SLPVE, whilst Group CLP differed significantly from Groups CHP, SHP, SLP and SLPVE. 5. The sensitivity of breast meat to colour susceptibility was greater than that of chicken drumsticks. While storage period affected the TBA values and microbial counts of meat significantly, its effect on colour parameters was found to be variable. Trial groups significantly affected total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts in chicken drumsticks, and Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts in breast meat. 6. In conclusion, heat stress adversely affected final body weights and the lipid oxidation of meat, whilst vitamin E alleviated these adverse effects.

1ı1 this study. the efTccts of tea wastes usee! instead of oat hay on the live weight gain. for,ıge consuıııpıion.dıgcstibility or total e!ry matter of feeds and mohair quality in lambs were examined. In the experiment. 40 Akbraman laıııbs wiıh :)nıonths old were used. The rese;ırch works were conducted in 4 groups for the period of 56 days. The groups were fed with iO()'/t oathay (control group). 9OCIc) oat hay + i0% tea waste (group i), 80% oat hay + 20% tea waste (group 2). and 6()0;,. oat hay+ 4 ()'ıf. tca\\asıc (group 3). At the cnd or the study. the average Iive weights were 36.48. 3,6.22. 34.56 and 27.67 kg. respcctively. The avcnıgeIıve weıght in the group 3 was signıficaııtly lower than that of the others fpwere ]48. 127. 93 ancl 0.4 g. respecti"ely. The .i"erage daily live weight gains of control group and the group i were higher thdn thator group 2 and group 3, in addition the average daily live weight gain nf group 2 was higher than that or group 3 (pdJ.()5). Thec1lgestibl] ity rates of total dry matter in the groups \Vere 64.67%, 69.95%. 49.61 dlllerellC':S among the groups in terms of digestibility rates (pdl.05). The mohair quality in samples obtained from hip area \\ asekterıııincd aı the hcginning and .enu .01' the study. There were no statistically differences among the groups in mohair 4uality. As resııll. thcre \Va, nonegative effc~t of the tea wastes added at the rate of 10%. on live weigth gain. feed intake. digestiblliıy of toıalc1ry matler. 2()0/, of the tea wastes has a negative effect on digestibility of total dry matter and animal health. 40'Yr ol' ıhe te

Bu araştırmada Afyon ili süt sığırcılık işletmelerinde anket yolu ile derlenen veriler yardımıyla kaynak kullanımında etkinlik düzeyleri araştırılmıştır. Maliyeti oluşturan masraf unsurlarının oransal dağılımı yem %58.45, işçilik % 15.65, veteriner sağlık, bakım onarım, amortisman, bakım onarım ve diğer cari giderler sırasıyla; % 3.95; % 9.69; % 4.08; ve % 8.17 olarak saptanmıştır. Gelir kalemlerinin oransal dağılımı süt, buzağı, envanter değer artışı ve buzağı gelirleri sırasıyla; % 58.01, % 22.73, % 16.95 ve % 2.28 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Hayvan başına günlük süt verimi ortalama 13.9 kg, hayvan başına kaba ve kesif yem tüketimi 5.1 ve 7.64 kg bulunmuştur. Araştırmada ekonomik rantabilite 13.94; mali rantabilite 15.86; rantabilite faktörü 15.75 ve output/input oranı 1.36 belirlenmiştir. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre marjinal değer verimlilikleri yem için 1.256 TL; işçilik için –0.95 TL; veteriner sağlık giderleri için 2.69 TL; amortisman giderleri için 3.556 TL ve diğer cari giderler için –0.31 TL hesaplanmıştır. Süt sığırcılık işletmelerinde ölçeğin verimi 0.82 olarak tespit edilmiştir., In this study, data collected from dairy cattle enterprises situated in Afyon province were used to investigate their resource usage level. Cost factors were calculated as 58.45 % in feed, 15.65 % in labour, 3.95 % in veterinary services, 9.69 % in depreciation cost, 4.08 in maintenance cost and 8.17 % in other cost based on total cost of production. Milk sales, calf , inventory value increases and manure revenues with regard to income distrubution for dairy cattle enterprises were as: 58.01 %, 22.73 %, 16.95 %, 2.28 % respectively. Avarege daily milk production of the cattle were found to be 13.9 kg. Consumption rough and concentrate feed of the cattle were found as 5.1 and 7.64 kg. The ratio of economic rantability, financial ratio, rantability factor ratio and output/input ratio were estimated to be 13.94, 15.86, 15.75 and 1.36 respectively. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, the marginal value productivity of input factors at feed, labour, veterinary services, depreciation cost, other cost were 1.26, -0.95, 2.69, 3.556 and –0.31 respectively. It was found that the return to scale in dairy cattle enterprises in Afyon province was 0.82

WOS: 000406295200016, This study was conducted to determine the effect of diets containing different levels of thyme essential oil (TEO) on performance, some serum parameters and the antioxidative metabolism of the serum and liver tissues in quails. A total number of 200 sixteen-days-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used in the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups; the control group was fed only basal diet but groups TEO1, TEO2 and TEO3 had thyme essential oil of 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg, respectively, added to their diets. Body weight and daily weight gain increased with higher levels of thyme essential oil in the feed, yet a statistically significant increase was detected in only group TEO3 (p, Scientific Research Project Fund of Cumhuriyet University [V-026], This work is supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Cumhuriyet University under the project number 'V-026'.

WOS: 000431302500011, Mycotoxins, which are produced by some fungi under improper storage conditions before or after harvesting in plant products, cause acute or chronic toxicities. Ochratoxin A (OA) which is also one of the harmful mycotoxins pose a threat to animal and human health. This study was carried out in order to determine OA levels in mixed feed and feedstuffs materials used in livestock enterprises throughout Sivas province. The 59 mixed feeds and 30 feedstuffs materials collected from different enterprises was analysed. Ochratoxin A concentrations were quantified using immunoassay (ELISA). In result, OA was found to be positive in 64 (71.91%) of the 89 samples analysed, whereas OA was not found in 25 samples (28.09%).

WOS: 000406295200015, Heat stress, causes economic losses and has negative effects on both broiler husbandry and animal welfare. Nutritional strategies are applied for minimizing the negative effects of heat stress. In the present study, at the finishing period (24-39 days of age) of heat stress, the effects of diet involving 21% and 19% proteins and vitamin E on lipid metabolism and antioxidant mechanism of action, aimed to be identified. This study was carried out in six groups as: HPC (24 degrees C heat + 21% crude protein (CP)), HPS (34 degrees C heat + 21% CP), LPC (24 degrees C heat + 19% CP), LPS (34 degrees C heat + 19% CP), HPSVE (34 degrees C heat + 21% CP + Vitamin E) and LPSVE (34 degrees C heat + 19% CP + vitamin E) groups. Superficial pectoral muscles (breast) and liver tissues were used for oxidative stress and antioxidant defence determinations. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels have also been determined in blood serums. During the research, it is found that heat stress increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, where Vitamin E has recovered triglyceride levels limitedly and cholesterol levels significantly. It is also observed that the adverse effect of high temperature was directly related to oxidative stress. Protein levels and vitamin supplementation relatively ameliorated these adverse effects, suggesting the tissue specificity. Consequently, the importance of feeding strategies such as the presence of Vitamin E and protein ratios on broiler nutrition in heat stress was established., Ataturk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ethic committee [2007/5f]; application centre of Veterinary Medicine Faculty at Ataturk University; Ataturk University Scientific Research Unit [BAP 2007-189], This study was approved from Ataturk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ethic committee with the Decision No: 2007/5f. The research was performed at the research and application centre of Veterinary Medicine Faculty at Ataturk University. We also thank Ataturk University Scientific Research Unit for their kind project supports (BAP 2007-189).

This research investigates the effects of adding vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin E+C, and alpha lipoic acid to feed rations for Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to heat stress. The aspects studied were growth performance, carcass composition and breast meat characteristics. Five groups of quails, containing 50 birds each (250 Japanese quails: 150 female and 100 male) were used. The 21-days-old birds were fed for a period of 21 days, and they were kept in a controlled environment with a temperature of 34˚C between 08:00 and 17:00 and a temperature of 24˚C for the remaining part of the day. The five groups under study included: a control group without any additive (BS), a group fed diets with vitamin E (BSE), with vitamin C (BSC), with vitamin E+C (BSEC) and with lipoic acid (BSLA). The supplement addi - tions to the diets did not affect the growth performance and carcass composition of the birds. The TBA (malonaldehyde) value of the BS group was significantly higher ( P < 0.001) than in the other groups. L*, a*, and b* values in muscle samples, superficialis pectoralis muscle (SPM) and deep pectoralis muscle (DPM), were determined. In the samples from the SPM, the L* value of the BS group was higher than in the BSC group; the a* value of the BSE group was higher than in the BS group; and the b* value of the BSC group was higher than in the BS group ( P < 0.05). In the samples from the DPM, the L* value of the BS group was higher than in the BSEC group ( P < 0.05); the a* values of the BSE and BSEC groups were higher than in the BS group ( P < 0.05); and the b* values of the BSC, BSEC and BSLA groups were higher than in the BS group ( < 0.01). In the microbiological analysis of meat, total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts of the BS and BSE groups were higher than the counts in the BSC, BSEC, and BSLA groups ( P < 0.01); coliform bacterial counts were higher in the BSE group than in the BSC group ( P < 0.05); and lactic acid was higher in the BSE and BSEC groups than in the BSC and BSLA groups ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, the supplemented antioxidants did not exhibit any significant effect on growth performance, but they significantly decreased lipid oxidation in the meat.