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Background: Hallux valgus is a common condition. There is a consensus that distal metatarsal osteotomies have positive outcomes for the correction of mild-to-moderate deformities, and that proximal osteotomies are preferable for more severe ones. The well-known scarf osteotomy technique is considered powerful enough for both types of deformation and is described without internal fixation. We aimed to describe a new surgical technique for hallux valgus percutaneous scarf like osteotomy (PSLO) without internal fixation, and to report the medium-term radiological and clinical outcomes., Hypothesis: A combination of a PSLO without internal fixation will lead to optimal results., Patients and Methods: This retrospective case series reports on 126 cases involving 106 patients who underwent hallux valgus surgery with the PSLO technique +/- Akin, +/- lateral release. The osteotomy was stabilized by a bandage, and immediate weight bearing was allowed. The surgeries took place in 3 clinics in France from March 2016 to July 2017., Results: All radiological parameters: hallux valgus angle (HVA), the 1-2 intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) showed statistically significant improvement. The mean preoperative HVA, IMA and DMAA were 27.7 °, 14.2 ° and 12.7 ° respectively. The mean postoperative HVA, IMA and DMAA were 8.23 °, 8.1 ° and 3.8 °, respectively. Clinically, 97% were satisfied or very satisfied with the results, 92% could wear "normal" shoes (45 days - 6 months), 99% returned to the same athletic activities after surgery (3-5 months), and the average time to return to work was 4 weeks (1 day - 51 days)., Discussion: The combination of scarf -like osteotomy and the percutaneous technique provide sufficient initial stabilization through the large horizontal area of contact between the fragments and the preservation of the attachment of the soft tissue. The lack of internal fixation significantly shortens the surgery time, cost, and reduces x-ray exposure without compromising the results., Level of Evidence: III, retrospective comparative study., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Tibio-talar-calcaneal (TTC) fusion is a salvage procedure designated for treating various severe hindfoot pathologies. While traditional methods have been effective, the advantage of carbon fiber (CF) retrograde intramedullary nailing (RIMN) presents a potentially superior technique. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of CF RIMN in TTC fusion, focusing on union rates, complication rates, and patient-reported outcomes., Materials and Methods: Conducted as a single-center, retrospective study, this research involved 21 patients who underwent TTC with CF RIMN from 2015 to 2021. Patient selection excluded those with active infections or those needing significant bone allografts. Patient follow-up was conducted at multiple intervals postoperatively, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months, assessing for union complications and using tools like the VAS, SF12, and AOFAS for patient-reported outcomes., Results: The study observed a 90% union rate among patients. Complication rates included a 14% incidence of iatrogenic fractures to the anterior tibial cortex and 19% postoperative complications. Significant improvement was noted in VAS scores but not in SF12 and AOFAS scores. The use of 200 mm RIMN was identified as requiring careful consideration due to associated complications., Conclusion: CF RIMN in TTC fusion demonstrates a high union rate with notable complications. The significant improvement in VAS scores indicates patient satisfaction, but the lack of statistical significance in SF12 and AOFAS scores warrants attention. The findings advocate for the cautious use of 200 mm RIMN and highlight the need for further research, suggesting prospective, multicenter studies to validate these findings and explore long-term outcomes., Level of Evidence: III., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) have been identified in bacteria, archaea and mitochondria of plants, but not in eukaryotes. Here, we report the discovery of 12,572 putative CRISPRs randomly distributed across the human chromosomes, which we termed hCRISPRs. By using available transcriptome datasets, we demonstrate that hCRISPRs are distinctively expressed as small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in cell lines and human tissues. Moreover, expression patterns thereof enabled us to distinguish normal from malignant tissues. In prostate cancer, we confirmed the differential hCRISPR expression between normal adjacent and malignant primary prostate tissue by RT-qPCR and demonstrate that the SHERLOCK and DETECTR dipstick tools are suitable to detect these sncRNAs. We anticipate that the discovery of CRISPRs in the human genome can be further exploited for diagnostic purposes in cancer and other medical conditions, which certainly will lead to the development of point-of-care tests based on the differential expression of the hCRISPRs., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

In September 2005, the French and German national conferences of the presidents of specialised hospitals' medical committees co-signed a text relatingto the fundamental values and principles of psychiatry. Since then, several countries, such as Italy and Spain, have joined the movement. Among these values, the district is reaffirmed as the base unit, for the construction of psychiatry in Europe.

The COP9 Signalosome protein complex (CSN) is a pleiotropic regulator of plant development and contains eight-subunits. Six of these subunits contain the PCI motif which mediates specific protein interactions necessary for the integrity of the complex. COP9 complex subunit 7 (CSN7) contains an N-terminal PCI motif followed by a C-terminal extension which is also necessary for CSN function. A yeast-interaction trap assay identified the small subunit of ribonucelotide reductase (RNR2) from Arabidopsis as interacting with the C-terminal section of CSN7. This interaction was confirmed in planta by both bimolecular fluorescence complementation and immuoprecipitation assays with endogenous proteins. The subcellular localization of RNR2 was primarily nuclear in meristematic regions, and cytoplasmic in adult cells. RNR2 was constitutively nuclear in csn7 mutant seedlings, and was also primarily nuclear in wild type seedlings following exposure to UV-C. These two results correlate with constitutive expression of several DNA-damage response genes in csn7 mutants, and to increased tolerance of csn7 seedlings to UV-C treatment. We propose that the CSN is a negative regulator of RNR activity in Arabidopsis.

The COP9 Signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that was originally identified in Arabidopsis thaliana as a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis and subsequently shown to be a general eukaryotic regulator of developmental signaling. The CSN plays various roles, but it has been most often implicated in regulating protein degradation pathways. Six of eight CSN subunits bear a sequence motif called PCI. Here, we report studies of subunit 7 (CSN7) from Arabidopsis, which contains such a motif. Our in vitro and structural results, based on 1.5 A crystallographic data, enable a definition of a PCI domain, built from helical bundle and winged helix subdomains. Using functional binding assays, we demonstrate that the PCI domain (residues 1 to 169) interacts with two other PCI proteins, CSN8 and CSN1. CSN7 interactions with CSN8 use both PCI subdomains. Furthermore, we show that a C-terminal tail outside of this PCI domain is responsible for association with the non-PCI subunit, CSN6. In vivo studies of transgenic plants revealed that the overexpressed CSN7 PCI domain does not assemble into the CSN, nor can it complement a null mutation of CSN7. However, a CSN7 clone that contains the PCI domain plus part of the CSN6 binding domain can complement the null mutation in terms of seedling viability and photomorphogenesis. These transgenic plants, though, are defective in adult growth, suggesting that the CSN7 C-terminal tail plays additional functional roles. Together, the findings have implications for CSN assembly and function, highlighting necessary interactions between subunits.