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Goal: This research aims to conduct a data mining analysis on the mental models of addicted women in Shiraz. Method: The logic of the research is of an applied type that utilizes a qualitative approach and employs a theoretical foundation. Through theoretical and purposive sampling, 17 participants were selected. Findings: Through the analysis of interviews, 65 codes were identified, which were transformed into 34 concepts and ultimately into 15 categories. Personal factors such as experience, self-awareness, ostracism, and disapproval of addictive behavior have led women towards the quitting process. They have chosen a strategy of rethinking to break free from addiction. However, for women, these concepts have a cyclical effect and have made the quitting process more challenging due to family, societal, and cultural pressures compared to men. The presence of these categories in women's lives has made the quitting experience more difficult, and they have experienced multiple unsuccessful attempts. Consequently, the core category of "failure in quitting" has been considered for women, which reflects their inability to quit. The categories of relapse triggers, fear, personality breakdown, marginalized lives, and depressed minds are the consequences of the quitting process among women. Therefore, the categories have shown that the quitting process is experienced differently by women, and breaking free from addiction is much more challenging for them than for men. Social, familial, and cultural conditions have made it difficult for women to be accepted as addicts, and they have less potential to break free from the addiction cycle.

In various contexts, the scope and boundaries of coverage are influenced by multiple factors at both micro and macro levels of society. Therefore, this study adopts a novel approach to examining the type of coverage for female students, focusing on the impact of two variables: spirituality as a cultural-social variable at the macro level and self-perception as a human cognitive variable at the micro level. The study employs a combination of library research and field surveys, utilizing software such as SPSS, PLS 3, and Excel.The study population consists of 1001 female students, with a sample size of 277. The findings reveal a significant relationship between spirituality and self-perception, as well as between self-perception and type of coverage, as indicated by the Spearman test. The t-test value demonstrates that spirituality directly influences individuals' self-perception, with spirituality accounting for 0.230 of the variance in self-perception based on the coefficient of determination (r2). Similarly, self-perception explains 0.125 of the variance in type of coverage.With a path coefficient of -0.496 and a t-value of 5.456, spirituality significantly impacts self-perception. Likewise, self-perception significantly influences type of coverage, with a path coefficient of -0.379 and a t-value of 3.245. Among the dimensions of spirituality, spiritual needs emerge as the most influential, while among the dimensions of self-perception, social skills are identified as the most significant.‌Spirituality, Self-Concept, Type of Clothing, Religion, Woman ‌‌IntroductionThe ongoing processes in Western and Eastern societies indicate growing concerns about physical appearance. Today, the issue of women's clothing and hijab is a prominent challenge and topic of discussion. There are various academic, political, and public debates surrounding women's clothing. Numerous cultural norms dictate women's public appearance in contemporary societies, with considerable diversity even within the United States.Although people from different cultures, regions, and civilizations follow different clothing styles, beliefs also influence these choices; therefore, the clothes we wear reflect our religious identity and the chastity associated with it. Culture is an area that requires scientific and precise research due to its extensive influence, the importance of its issues, and its real impact. One important aspect of culture is the identity and perception of self by individuals. Self-perception refers to an individual's ability to understand themselves and their needs; moreover, self-perception determines how individuals behave and make decisions. Research on the self-image and spirituality of female university students can further enhance our understanding of the mental and spiritual health of young women.Therefore, in this study, we focus on the role of spirituality in shaping self-image and how this self-image influences the type of clothing worn by women. Additionally, we contribute to the literature on self-perception. From Geertz's perspective, religion, like individuals, serves to uplift society, and collective consciousness is a prerequisite for it. Thus, the existence of religion depends on the existence of society. Geertz views religion as a blueprint of culture. Alongside common sense, art, empirical sciences, and ideology, religion constructs a cultural system.Peter Berger's theories on sociology and knowledge theory emphasize secularization in the modern world. There is a close relationship between Peter Berger's sociology of religion and his theories of knowledge. According to Berger's view, religion and knowledge are both influenced by context, text, environment, and language, as knowledge and reality are intertwined with social contexts. MethodologyThis research aims to test the following hypotheses: A) It seems that spirituality impacts the self-image of female university students in Shiraz. B) It seems that spirituality impacts the type of clothing worn by female university students in Shiraz through self-image. This study is a fundamental applied study with an emphasis on quantitative and cross-sectional methodology, aimed at advancing our understanding in the fields of spirituality, self-perception, and clothing.The study population consists of female students from the Faculty of Economics, Management, and Social Sciences at Shiraz University, and the sampling method is convenience sampling. Data collection utilized a survey method, measuring spirituality with the Parsian and Donning Spirituality Scale, self-image with the Beck questionnaire, and clothing type with the Asgarian Bigdeli questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using statistical software SPSS and PLS. FindingsThe results of the Spearman test (Table 2) indicate a significant relationship between spirituality and self-image, as well as between self-image and clothing type. The t-value test results (Table 2) demonstrate that spirituality has a direct effect on individuals' self-image. According to the coefficient of determination (r2) (Figure 2), spirituality accounts for 0.230 of the variance in the self-image variable, and based on this statistic, self-image explains 0.125 of the variance in the clothing type variable. Examination of Table 4 and Figure 3 reveals that spirituality influences self-image, as evidenced by the path coefficient value of -0.496 with a significant value of 0.005. Furthermore, statistical tests indicate that self-image impacts individuals' clothing type, with a path coefficient value of -0.379 and a significant value of 0.003. ResultThe results of this study are presented in the form of a theoretical framework and analysis based on the research's theoretical underpinning of spirituality and its various dimensions. These dimensions include self-awareness, the significance of spiritual beliefs in life, spiritual activities, and spiritual needs, all of which shape various aspects of individuals' self-concept. These aspects encompass mental abilities, job effectiveness, physical attractiveness, social skills, strengths, and weaknesses. The findings directly impact respondents' self-concept and indirectly influence individuals' self-perception through the mediation of the self-concept variable.In conclusion, it is suggested that when investigating the relationship between social and psychological variables in research, the role of mediating variables should be considered. When examining the role of religious and spiritual variables in individual characteristics, attention should be paid to economic and social changes. For studies on the variables of clothing and hijab, the role and impact of the variable of self-confidence should be taken into account.‌ReferencesAfsharKohan, J., Balali, E. & Soleimanpoor, M. (2011). The study of secularization and its factors on students (The University of Bu-Ali Sina). Journal of Applied Sociology, 22(1), 135-158. (In Persian)Arab, Z. (2022). 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(In Persian)Gorbanpoor Lafmejani, A., Karami, M., Rezaei, A. & Mohadethi, M. (2022). Investigating the anthropological perspective of girl students in choosing the type of hijab (Case Study: Students of Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Guilan University). Culture in Islamic University, 12(1), 87-128. (In Persian)Hamdah, B. (2017). Liberalism and the Impact on Religious Identity: Hijab Culture in the American Muslim Context (Doctoral dissertation, University of Toledo).Hamilton, M. (1943). Sociology of Religion. Translated by Mohsen Talasi. Third Publications. (In Persian)Hapsari, H. I., Huang, M. C. & Kanita, M. W. (2023). Evaluating self-concept measurements in adolescents: A systematic review. Children, 10(2), 399.Hayman, J. W., Kurpius, S. R., Befort, C., Nicpon, M. F., Hull‐Blanks, E., Sollenberger, S. & Huser, L. (2007). Spirituality among college freshmen: Relationships to self‐esteem, body image, and stress. Counseling and Values, 52(1), 55-70.Islam, I. (2019). Redefining #YourAverageMuslim Woman: Muslim female digital activism on social media. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 12(2), 213-233.Kalantari, A., Hemati Rad, F. & Momeni, H. (2019). A sociological study of university student dress: Objective and subjective factors. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 7(1), 29-50. (In Persian)Karamipoor, A. K. (2009). Peter Berger and sociology of religion. Journal of Seven Heavens, 11(42), 143-162. (In Persian)Karmi Jafarlo, M. & Emami, M. (2021).The relationship between hijab and the spiritual position of Muslim women from the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith. Journal of Marfat, 30(280), 49-58. (In Persian)Kishori Cherami, M., Mohebi, J. & Ali Maddi, A. (2021). Investigating the status of women's clothing and hijab in society and the consequences of their unveiling. International Conference on Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Lifestyle. Tehran. (In Persian)Knoblauch, H. (2014). Popular Spirituality. In Present-Day Spiritualities (Pp. 81-102). Lorinda, R., Ismail, N. & Rahmatullah, A. S. (2023). Self-concept of adolescents in early marriage and divorce in bruno district, purworejo regency. International Journal of Social Service and Research, 3(1), 112-121.Marshall, J. & Olson, D. V. (2018). Is spiritual but not religious’a replacement for religion or just one step on the path between religion and non-religion?. Review Of Religious Research, 60(4), 503-518.McGaughey, M. (2018). The relationship between body image and lifestyle choices in college students. International Social Science Review, 94(2), 1-17.Molayi, J. & Yusufvand, S. (2014). Sociological study of factors affecting the orientation towards the veil (Case Study: Female Students of Payam Nour University in Abdanan). Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society, 5(19), 35-46. (In Persian)Murphy, C. (2009). Behind the veil: Why Islam’s most visible symbol is spreading. The Christian Science Monitor, 102(3), 13-19.Primaningtyas, W., Narendra, A. A. A. K. A. & Hastuti, H. (2019). Body image and religiosity in adolescents: a comparation between public and private high school students. Smart Medical Journal, 2(2), 98-103.Spencer, M. (2012). What is spirituality? A personal exploration. Retrieved March, 16, 2020.Syahridawaty, S. (2020). Fenomena fashion hijab dan niqab perspektif tafsir maqāsidi. Substantia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 22(2), 135-150.Villalobos, J. M. R., Vega, H. B., Aguirre, S. I., Blanco, J. R., Leal, A. C. D., Pando, E. V. B. & Jurado, P. J. (2023). Physical self-concept in Mexican adolescent men and women. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 47, 610-614.Zhang, K. C. (2013). What I look like: College women, body image, and spirituality. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(4), 1240-1252.‌‌‌‌

Background and Objectives: Problem-solving is formed as one of the most important branches of life skills in the socialization process and several factors are effective in adopting its types. The purpose of the present study was to explain the sociological factors related to social problem-solving strategies in girls and boys ready for marriage who refer to Baharenko Counseling Center in Shiraz. Methods: The present study was based on the survey method, in which 912 ready-to-marry men and women referring to Baharenko pre-marital Education and Counseling Center were selected as a statistical sample by cluster random sampling. The research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient method. Data were analyzed using t-test, F-statistic, correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression. Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between logical problem-solving strategy and spiritual health (existential and religious). Also, all dimensions of social well-being (acceptance, adaptation, prosperity, cohesion, and contribution) had a significant and positive relationship with problem-solving. The results of stepwise regression also showed that spiritual health and social well-being can predict 0.21 of the logical problem-solving variable in couples ready for marriage. Conclusion: The social and spiritual health of individuals was an important explanatory factor in predicting the dependent variable. The more people value themselves and enjoy social and spiritual health, the more likely they are to be part of society and experience a more meaningful life, the more likely they are to use a rational problem-solving strategy

This study aims to study and understand the contexts and consequences of women's addiction. The method of research is grounded theory and the participants of the research are 25 recovered women of South Khorasan who are in the stage of quitting addiction. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and continued until the stage of theoretical saturation.. The results show that the experience of fundamental challenges such as divorce and remarriage of parents, family breakdown, domestic violence and parental addiction are among the causal conditions of women's tendency to use drugs. Double compulsion and restrictions in the field of choosing a spouse and forced marriages, as well as forced drop-outs from the family, are the underlying causes and conditions of women's addiction. Interfering factors for drug use by women also include addiction rings and traps in which addiction is the result of a family conspiracy and, in addition, includes a long history of drug use in the family and living in a drug-contaminated environment and recreational use. Fun materials with friends and acquaintances. The consequences of addiction for women also include rejection and punishment by family and others, isolation and tendency to an informal, vulgar and baseless economy, which can lead to other types of social deviations.

ObjectiveAfghan refugee women in Iran confront many problems in dealing with COVID-19 due to their fragile conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the challenges of Afghan refugee women in the face of COVID-19 in Iran with a qualitative approach.MethodsThe present study was conducted with a qualitative approach among Afghan refugee women in Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews and were saturated with 30 women. Both targeted and snowball sampling were used. Data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis and Graneheim and Lundman method. Guba and Lincoln criteria were observed to evaluate the quality of research results.Results143 primary codes, 12 subcategories and five main categories were obtained from data analysis. The main categories include little knowledge and information (limited access to information resources, incomplete knowledge about COVID-19), family challenges (intensified experience of violence and conflict in the family, problems related to childbirth and pregnancy), socio-economic challenges (exacerbation of economic problems, high-risk living conditions, social isolation, limited support of social and health organizations), health issues (problems related to treatment, injustice in providing services and facilities) and problems after the death of a COVID-19 patient (burial challenges for immigrants; lack of funeral rites).ConclusionAfghan refugee women in Iran are very vulnerable facing COVID-19 due to their fragile conditions. Social and health institutions and organizations need to provide more support to these women so that they can protect their health and that of their families against COVID-19 and the damage caused by it.

هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی ارتباط بین میزان تماشای فیلم‌های تلویزیونی توسط والدین با خشونت خانگی آنها نسبت به فرزندان در شهر اهواز است . روش پژوهش، پیمایشی و جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر، شامل کلیه دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر مقطع دبیرستان و والدین آنها در شهر اهواز بوده که براساس فرمول کوکران و به شیوه نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای تعداد 384 نفر انتخاب شده‌اند . برای سنجش از پرسشنامه‌های کودک آزاری و ضربه برنستاین (CTQ) ، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته تماشای فیلم‌های تلویزیونی و مقیاس عزت نفس روزنبرگ (SES) استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از شاخص‌های آماری درصد، میانگین، انحراف استاندارد، همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره استفاده شد. یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که بین تماشای فیلم‌های اکشن و وحشتناک از سوی والدین با خشونت خانگی آنها نسبت به فرزندان همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری وجود دارد؛ اما بین تماشای فیلم‌های خانوادگی و رمانتیک و همچنین، فیلم‌های سیاسی، تاریخی و مذهبی از سوی والدین با خشونت خانگی آنها نسبت به فرزندان همبستگی معنا‌داری مشاهده نگردید . همچنین، طبق یافته‌های این پژوهش بین متغیر عزت نفس والدین با خشونت خانگی آنها نسبت به فرزندان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد . نتایج تحلیل رگرسیونی چند متغیره گام به گام نشان می‌دهد که متغیر تماشای فیلم‌های وحشتناک از سوی والدین ، بیشترین تأثیر را در تبیین خشونت خانگی نسبت به فرزندان داشته است. با توجه به یافته‌های موجود، این مسأله نیازمند توجه هرچه بیشتر خانواده‌ها و مسؤولان برای برنامه‌ریزی و آموزش در سطح خانواده و جامعه است.

The aim of this research is analyze the content of Lamerd's lullabies in Fars Province with sociological approach and to illustrate women's situation in family and the function of these lullabies in the mentioned region. The method of this study is qualitative content analysis of lullabies with inductive approach. The results of the research were considered in two sections: 1) the concepts related to family structure and functions of lullabies in relationship between couples. 2) Functions of lullabies in relationship between mother and her baby. The findings show the women's situation in traditional and male-dominated society and claim that in such circumstances lullabies had hidden functions for women: 1) they construct protest space for women 2) they prepare conditions for dialogue and explanation of desire and in better words facilitate establishing relationship for women. 3) Prepare space to get rid of psychological and structural stress. Therefore Considering the functions of lullabies for women, women's lullabies can be considered as media.