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The aim of the study was to investigate knee cartilage thickness in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients using ultrasonography and to assess the effects of sex steroids on osteoarthritis development. A total of 90 female patients were enrolled in the study, including 47 patients diagnosed with PCOS as study group and 43 patients admitted to our hospital for any other complaints as control group. Ultrasonographic evaluation of both knees was performed in all patients. The knee cartilage thickness was measured at lateral condyle, intercondylar area and medial condyle. The measurements were averaged for each region. The mean femoral cartilage thickness was greater in the study group compared with control group in all regions, with a statistically significant difference (p, Cilj istraživanja bio je ultrazvučno procijeniti debljinu hrskavice koljena u bolesnica sa sindromom policističnih jajnika (SPCJ) i učinak spolnih hormona na razvoj osteoartritisa. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno ukupno 90 žena, tj. 47 bolesnica s dijagnozom SPCJ kao ispitna skupina i 43 bolesnice primljene na odjel zbog drugih tegoba kao kontrolna skupina. Ultrazvučna procjena obaju koljena učinjena je u svih bolesnica. Debljina hrskavice koljena mjerena je u lateralnom kondilu, interkondilarnom području i medijalnom kondilu te je izračunat prosjek mjerenja za svaku regiju. Srednja debljina koljenske hrskavice bila je veća u ispitnoj skupini u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom u svim regijama, a razlika je bila statistički značajna (p

Osmophobia and headache triggered by odors are commonly seen in migraine, and these are symptoms that differentiate migraine from other primary headaches. Since these odor-related symptoms are disease-specific, we aimed to measure the volume of olfactory bulb and depth of olfactory sulcus in migraine patients. A total of 93 subjects, consisting of 62 episodic migraine (32 with osmophobia, 30 without osmophobia) patients and 31 healthy controls, were included in this study. Diagnosis and classification of migraine were performed according to the beta version criteria of International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 Beta version). Beck depression and beck anxiety inventory were applied to the patients, and the measurement of bilateral olfactory bulb volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) was performed manually in the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). More significantly in the left OBV, low OBV has been determined in migraine patients compared to the control group (p

Objectives: Wilson’s disease (WD) is characterized with the accumulation of copper in the liver and brain. The objective of this study is to quantitatively measure the susceptibility changes of basal ganglia and brain stem of pediatric patients with neurological WD using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: Eleven patients with neurological WD (mean age 15 ± 3.3 years, range 10–22 years) and 14 age-matched controls were prospectively recruited. Both groups were scanned on a 1.5 Tesla clinical scanner. In addition to T1- and T2-weighted MR images, a 3D multi-echo spoiled gradient echo (GRE) sequence was acquired and QSM images were derived offline. The quantitative measurement of susceptibility of corpus striatum, thalamus of each hemisphere, midbrain, and pons were assessed with the region of interest analysis on the QSM images. The susceptibility values for the patient and control groups were compared using two-sample t-test. Results: One patient with WD had T1 shortening in the bilateral globus pallidus. Another one had hyperintensity in the bilateral putamen, caudate nuclei, and substantia nigra on T2-weighted images. The rest of the patients with WD and all subjects of the control group had no signal abnormalities on conventional MR images. The susceptibility measures of right side of globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, midbrain, and entire pons were significantly different in patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: QSM method exhibits increased susceptibility differences of basal ganglia and brain stem in patients with WD that have neurologic impairment even if no signal alteration is detected on T1- and T2-weighted MR images.

Purpose: One of the most widespread surgical conditions is acute appendicitis in industrialized countries. Nevertheless, diagnosis of borderline cases is mostly troublesome and needs subsequent researches. For this reason, we aimed to investigate new parameters to improve estimation of acute appendicitis. Lymphoid hyperplasia, impacted stool, faecolith, caecal or appendiceal tumors have been accepted as causes of appendicitis formation, but anatomic variations of diameter of ileocecal lipomatosis and ileocecal angle have been never discussed before. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between appendicitis and diameter of ileocecal lipomatosis and ileocecal angle. Materials and methods: 96 Patients (51 women, 45 men) who were found to have acute appendicitis during exploration and 67 patients (32 women, 35 men) who were not pre-diagnosed with acute appendicitis were enrolled in the study. The diameter of ileocecal lipomatosis and also ileocecal angle values were obtained via computed tomography (CT) scans. Results: There were no significant differences between two groups in the mean of ileocecal angle (p > 0.05) but diameter of ileocecal lipomatosis values was significantly higher in the appendicitis-positive group compared with the appendicitis-negative group (p: 0.001). Conclusions: There is a relationship between increase in diameter of ileocecal lipomatosis and appendicitis formation. © 2019, Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hyposmia in the preclinical stages. We investigated the relationships of olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus (OS) depth with basal ganglia and hippocampal volumes. The study included 25 patients with PD and 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Idiopathic PD was diagnosed according to published diagnostic criteria. The Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale, the motor subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to participants. Volumetric measurements of olfactory structures, the basal ganglia, and hippocampus were performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OB volume and OS depth were significantly reduced in PD patients compared to healthy control subjects (p

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç travmaya bağlı gelişen kot fraktürü ile hemopnömotoraks ilişkisinin saptanmasıdır. Gereç ve yöntemler: Hastanemiz acil servisine 2014-2017 yılları arasında göğüs travmasıyla gelen ve kot kırığı bulunan 280 hastanın toraks BT filmleri retrospektif olarak taranmıştır. Bulgular: 130 hastada deplase(%46,4) 150 hastada nondeplase (%53,6) kot kırıkları saptandı. Deplase olanların 75 tanesinde (%57,6) travmatik pnömotoraks, 25 inde (%19,2) eşlik eden hemotraks vardı. Nondeplase kırıkların 20 tanesinde (%13,3) pnömotoraks, 7 sinde (%4,) eşlik eden hemotoraks vardı. Geri kalanlarda pnömotoraks hemotoraks izlenmedi. Tüm kırıkların 35’i (%12,5) alt torakal segmentte (9-12. Kotlar), 205’i (%73,2) ise üst torakal segmentteydi (1-8. Kotlar). 40 hastada (%14,3) ise mix tip fraktürler izlendi. Üst torakal yerleşimli olanların 100’ünde ( %79), alt torakal segmentte olanların 4’ünde ( %3) ve mixt tip olanların 23’ünde (%18) hemopnömotoraks saptandı. Sonuç: Kot kırığının lokalizasyonu ve deplase-nondeplase olması eşlik eden olası hemopnömotoraks varlığı ile ilişkilidir.

ABS TRACT: Correlation between olfactory bulb volume and chronic depression: a magnetic resonance imaging study Objective: Olfactory dysfunction can be seen secondary to various diseases, such as sinonasal disease, infections of the upper respiratory tract, head trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases. A small number of recent studies have focused on olfactory dysfunction in different neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate olfactory bulb (OB) volume in patients with chronic major depression, as diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). In particular, we investigated patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate this subject. Methods: Participants included 31 outpatients (17 females and 14 males) with chronic major depression recruited from the University School of Medicine and Public Hospital psychiatry outpatient clinic between March 1 and August 31, 2013. Participants were examined using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). All patients were receiving treatment with a single SSRI. The BDI was also administered to a control group of 31 healthy volunteers (16 females, 15 males). All participants were recruited over the telephone after the study design was finalized. Additionally, both groups underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan with a 1.5-Tesla MRI system. Volumes of the right and left OBs were determined using MRI scans of the head and a standardised protocol for OB examination. Results: OB volumes were calculated separately for the depressed and the control groups. MRI measurements revealed significantly smaller olfactory bulb volume in patients with chronic major depression as compared to the control group. Furthermore, we detected a negative correlation between BDI score and olfactory bulb volume. Conclusions: Olfactory bulb volumes are notably smaller in patients with chronic major depression treated only with SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine). To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal reduced olfactory bulb volume in patients with chronic major depression. This study has demonstrated a negative correlation between OB volume and elevated depression scores.

Giriş: Obezite ile sıkı korelasyonu bulunan Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı (NYKH) sosyal statünün iyileşmesi ile birlikte dünya çapında yaygın olarak izlenen bir hastalıktır. Vücut kompozisyonu çalışmaları obezite tedavisi takibinde kullanılmaktadır. Vücut kitle indeksi (VKI) ile hepatosteatozis (HS) arasındaki ilişki iyi bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda vücut kompozisyon parametrelerinin (VKP) hepatosteatoz teşhisindeki etkinliğinin dual bioimpedans analizör (BIA) kullanılarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntemler: NYKH tanısı almış 253 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Yaş, cinsiyet, ve VKI gibi demografik parametreler ve ultrasonografik hepatosteatoz verileri kaydedildi. Total yağ kitlesi ve vücut yüzdesi, yağsız vücut kitlesi, total vücut suyu gibi BCP dual bioimpedans analizör ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Hem VKI ve HS, hem de VKP ve HS arasında istatistiksel olarak güçlü korelasyon olduğu izlendi (p0,05).Sonuç: Bulgularımıza göre, NAFLD hastalığında BCP’nin kullanımının tanısal değeri olduğu sonucuna varılabilir., Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is strongly correlated with obesity; has been a common worldwide health problem with the improvements in social status. Body composition studies are accepted as a simple follow-up tool for treatment of obesity. Since the correlation of body mass index (BMI) with the hepatosteatosis (HS) is well known; the aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of body composition parameters (BCP) to determine HS on NAFLD patients; using dual bioimpedance analyzer (BIA).Methods: A total of 253 patients with diagnosis of NAFLD were included into the study. The demographic parameters such as age, sex and BMI were collected; and the ultrasonographic (US) evolution was performed to determine the HS stages. The BCP, such as amount and the percentage of total body fat, fat free mass, and total body water were assessed with the dual bioimpedance analyzer.Results: There were strong significant correlations between BMI and HS, between BCP and HS (p0.05).Conclusion: According to our results, it can be concluded that BCP values may have a diagnostic value on diagnosis of NAFLD.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate availability of Short Time Inversion Recovery Turbo Spin Echo Magnetic Resonance imaging (STIR TSE MRI) in the detection of mediastinal lymph nodes and in the distinguishing malign and benign lymph nodes detected in cases with pulmonary lesions. METHODS: Overall, 46 patients having mediastinal lymph nodes with confirmed or suspected lung cancer were included to the study. All patients underwent STIR TSE MR imaging before mediastinoscopy. Lymph nodes were assessed by signal characteristics on STIR TSE MRI. The results of histopathological evaluation and STIR TSE MRI were compared after mediastinoscopy. As data were qualitative, distributions were expressed as percentage and chi-square test was used to determine the difference between variables. RESULTS: Overall, 92 lymph nodes were analyzed. When a comparison was made between malign and benign lymph nodes, a significant difference was found between STIR MRI signal properties of lymph nodes and lymph node size. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of STIR TSE MRI were estimated as 75.0%, 75.0%, 61.5% and 83.3%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the negative predictive value is high in STIR TSE MRI, it has a low positive predictive value. Thus, the case may directly undergo surgery without performing mediastinoscopy when no malign lymph node is detected in STIR TSE MRI, while mediastinoscopy is warranted when a malign lymph node is detected.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the atheromatous plaque, in the abdominopelvic arteries as a marker of cardiac risk in patients with or without gallstone disease (GD). Materials and Methods: A total of 136 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Forty-eight patients had GD and the remaining 88 patients did not. The presence or absence of gallstones was noted during abdominal ultrasonography while vascular risk factors such as plaque formation, intima-media thickness, plaque calcification, mural thrombus, stenosis, aneurysm, and inflammation were recorded during an abdominopelvic computed tomography scan. In addition, percentage of the abdominopelvic aorta surface covered by atheromatous plaque was calculated. Results: The mean age of patients with GD and without GD was 50.81 ± 16.20 and 50.40 ± 12.43, respectively. Patients with GD were more likely to have diabetes mellitus, a higher body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001), and higher cholesterol (P < 0.01), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < 0.02) levels. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding other atherosclerotic risk factors. Patients with GD had significantly higher rates of the vascular risk factors as intima-media thickness, plaque formation, calcification, aneurysm, mural thrombosis, stenosis, and inflammation in all abdominal arterial segments other than aneurysm in the femoral arteries. In addition, patients with GD had severe atheromatous plaques in the abdominal aorta, common iliac, external iliac, and common femoral artery (CFA). In patients with GD, parameters of age, BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were all correlated with the severity of the atheromatous plaque in abdominal aorta, common iliac, external iliac, and CFA. Conclusion: We demonstrated a direct relationship between GD and abdominopelvic atheromatous plaque, which is a marker for increased cardiovascular risk, for the first time in the literature. Patients with GD exhibit greater abdominopelvic atherosclerosis and therefore, have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

Our aim was to assess diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of neuroblastic tumors and whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value may have a role in discrimination among neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma.The DWIs (b = 0-800 s/mm(2)) of 24 children (13 girls, 11 boys) who were diagnosed neuroblastic tumors on histopathological examination (neuroblastoma = 15, ganglioneuroblastoma = 5, ganglioneuroma = 4) were evaluated retrospectively. The ADC maps were performed by drawing freehand ROI on PACS (Sectra Workstation IDS7, Linköping, Sweden).We observed a significant decrease in ADC value of neuroblastomas 0.869 ± 0.179 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s compared to ganglioneuroblastomas 0.97 ± 0.203 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s and ganglioneuromas 1.147 ± 0.299 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s (p = 0.026). There was no significant difference in between ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma (p = 0.16). In detecting neuroblastomas; the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of ADC were 74, 67, 78.6, 66 % respectively with a cut-off value of 0.93 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s.Our study stands out as the most comprehensive study with larger sample size on this topic. Moreover, we are able to suggest a cut-off value which can discriminate neuroblastoma from ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. We believe that ADC will evolve to an objective, quantitative measurement in discrimination among malignant and benign neuroblastic tumors.

Objective: Childhood obesity is related to subclinical atherosclerosis. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and hepatosteatosis are parameters that reflect subclinical atherosclerosis and are shown to be associated with obesity. However, their relation with the corrected QT interval (QTc) has not been thoroughly studied in children. Here, we aimed to research the relation between QTc, hepatic steatosis, and CIMT among obese children. Methods: Fifty-three obese and 53 age- and sex-matched non-obese children aged 6–16 years were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. The QTc of each subject was accordingly obtained from lead II on a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram. Thus, CIMT measurement and abdominal ultrasonographic examination were performed. The data for obese and non-obese children were analyzed and compared. Result: The age and gender distribution of the subjects were statistically similar. The CIMT value of the obese group was higher than that of the non-obese group (p

Background: Obesity is associated with many risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension and leads to early atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of the mean platelet volume (MPV) and the carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) on cardiac functions among obese children. Materials and Methods: Sixty obese children, with body mass index percentile were >95% and forty eight healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thyroid function tests, hemoglobin, white blood cell, MPV and insulin resistance were evaluated. CIMT was measured by using high-resolution ultrasound and echocardiography was performed to all individuals. Results: MPV and CIMT values were found significantly higher in obese children than controls. There was positive correlation between CIMT and age, body surface area (BSA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular meridional end-systolic wall stress (ESWSm), myocardial fiber stress (MFS), stroke volume (SV) and insulin and negative correlation with left ventricle end-systolic elastance by single beat technique (Ees(sb)) and arterial elastance (Ea). There was no correlation between LVM, cardiac risk profiles and CIMT. Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that ESWSm (β=0.337, P=0.049) was only independent factor on CIMT. MPV values showed negative correlation with ALT, AST, Free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone and positive correlation with age and BSA. Conclusion: Current study showed that obesity has an independent impact on CIMT and MPV values in children. Increased CIMT in obese children leads significant increase in ESWSm and decrease in Ea and Ees(sb).

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that progresses to axonal loss and demyelinization. Olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS has been reported frequently. We were interested in the associations of olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) with disease duration and attack frequency.We included 25 patients with MS and 30 age- and sex-matched controls in this study. The Expanded Disability Status Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Mini Mental State Examination were applied. OB, OSD, and magnetic resonance imaging plaque numbers were calculated.OB volume and OSD in patients with MS were significantly lower than those in the control group (right and left OB: p0.001; right OSD: p=0.001; and left OSD: p=0.039). Disease duration was negatively correlated with right and left OB volume (right OB: r=-0.434, p=0.030 and left OB: r=-0.518, p=0.008). Attack frequency was negatively correlated with left OB volume and left OSD (left OB: r=-0.428, p=0.033 and left OSD: r=-0.431, p=0.032).The OB and OSD were atrophied significantly in patients with MS, and this was correlated with disease duration and attack frequency. The left side tended to be dominant.

Amac : Akut apandisit en sik karsilasilan akut karin tablosudur. Tanisi esas olarak oyku ve fizik muayene bulgulari ile konulmaktadir. Ancak bazi vakalarda fizik muayene bulgulari yetersiz kalmakta ve arada kalinan vakalarda operasyon karari almak zorlasmaktadir. Bu asamada bilgisayarli tomografi (BT), ultrasonografi (US) gibi radyolojik tetkikler ve laboratuar bulgulari taniya yardimci olmaktadir. Literaturde bu tani araclarinin birbirine ustunlugu ve ozgunlugu konusunda tam bir fikir birlikteligi yoktur. Bu calismada amacimiz akut apandisit tanisinda BT, US ve lokosit sayiminin taniya olan katkisini karsilastirmaktir. Gerec-Yontem : Calismaya son bir yil icerisinde AA tanisi ile opere edilmis toplam 32 hasta retrospektif olarak dâhil edildi. Hastalarin US, BT bulgulari ve kan lokosit degerleri karsilastirildi. Lokosit degeri 10.000/mm3’un uzerinde olanlar AA tanisi acisindan pozitif kabul edildi. Bulgular : 18 (%56.25) hastanin US bulgulari, 28 hastanin (%87.5) BT bulgusu AA tanisi acisinda pozitif idi. 30 hastada (%93.75) kan lokosit degeri pozitif idi. Kan lokosit degerleri; US ve BT bulgulari ile karsilastirildiginda istatistiksel olarak anlamliydi (p

Herein we present a 25-year-old female patient who was admitted with recurrent hemoptysis in menstrual period. At the thorax computed tomography taken during menstruation of patient, diffuse ground glass density and acinar nodules at superior segment of lower lobe at left lung were detected. There was no this findings at the thorax tomography taken in non-menstruation period. Therefore, patient was considered catamenial hemoptysis with clinical and radiological findings. Pulmonary endometriosis is rarely seen disease of the lung, so we are presenting it in the light of the literature knowledge.

A 45-year-old woman with a history of recurrent pulmonary embolism was admitted to the emergency clinic with dyspnea, wheezing and tachypnea. Partial deep vein thrombosis of the popliteal vein was seen on Doppler sonography. On the contrast-enhanced thorax computed tomography (CT) scan, a clot was detected in the right main pulmonary artery and its major descending branch. Moreover, the azygos vein was prominently dilated. Abdominal multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scan revealed absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with continuation of the IVC as a dilated right-sided azygos vein. The hepatic veins were draining directly into the right atrium. Thus, we discuss herein this rare anatomic variant presented with recurrent pulmonary embolism, together with the findings on MSCT.

To investigate the angulations and length of the styloid process (SP) on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images between the patients having elongated SP complaints and those without any stylalgia symptoms.One hundred patients underwent 3D-CT evaluation of the bilateral temporomandibular joints to investigate for symptomatic elongated styloid process (ESP) at our institution. The differences between the mean angulations and lengths of the SP and comparisons between patient and control groups were analyzed by student t test.In study group, mean length of styloid processes was 40.7 ± 10.8 mm on the right and 40.3 ± 10.9 mm on the left. Mean medial angles of SP were measured as 22.60 ± 4.0 on the right side and 22.60 ± 4.5 on the left side. In the same group, mean anterior angles of SP were 16.10 ± 6.9 on the right and 16.70 ± 7.1 on the left side. The "in-group" comparisons of lengths, medial and anterior angles did not produce statistically significant results. The comparison of medial angulations between the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients was the only statistically meaningful result in our study.3D-CT has several advantages according to conventional tomography for visualization of head and neck anatomy. The increase of medial angulation of SP may be responsible for the development of complaints in ESP.

BACKGROUND The subarachnoid space (SAS) and ventricular width (VW) in normal infants and children were studied with ultrasonography to provide the objective measurement and define a normal range for these measurements. The additional aim was to determine the stable ratio as a SAS/VW. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 healthy subjects, including 48 males and 52 females, were studied. The cases were divided into 3 age groups: 0-6 months(n = 65), 7-12 months (n = 24) and > 13 months (n = 11). Transfontanel ultrasonography was performed in all the cases. SAS, VW and the SAS/VW ratios were calculated. The study was approved by the ethical committee. All parents were informed about the sonographic examination and their approvals were taken. RESULTS SAS was calculated as 3.1 (0.5-6) mm and VW was calculated as 3.6(1.3-5) mm. SAS/VW ratio was 0.9 ± 0.3. There was no statistically significant difference among SAS, VW and SAS/VW ratios in 3-97 percentile group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography can be used as a practicable and reproducible modality in the measurement of SAS and VW in healthy children. It is a non-invasive method and allows for serial follow-up. SAS/VW ratio can be used as an index in healthy children.

Endometriosis is the presence of normal and functional endometrial mucosa outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis near the operation scar (scar endometrioma) is a rare form of extrapelvic endometriosis. It is mostly seen after C-section deliveries. The time for diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) in the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) after surgery varies between 2 months and 4 years. Herein, we report a case of a 42-year-old female of AWE in the RAM which was diagnosed 10 years after C-section delivery.

Aims: Iodinated contrast materials are used as contrast material in radiologic examinations. There is an intense competition between the contrast media companies in the contrast market in areas such as price, effectivities, and lack of side effects. This experimental study was carried out for comparing the effectiveness of contrast agents. We measured X-ray attenuations of contrast agents because image quality depends on these attenuation amounts. Materials and Methods: Contrast agents are divided into two main groups in iodinated contrast materials; ionic-iodinated contrast agents and nonionic-iodinated contrast agents. Nonionic contrast materials are iopamidol, iohexol, iopromide, iobitridol, and iomeprol. In this study, by using contrast agents in different dilutions, X-ray attenuations were examined in Hounsfield units by using computed tomography. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the slopes of five commercial forms according to dilutions. Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that iopamidol, iohexol, iopromide, iobitridol, or iomeprol are same in clinical usage.

Background: Obesity has a risk factor for sudden cardiac death, because of the tendency to develop arrhythmias. Delay in cardiac repolarization is reflected as QTc prolongation on electrocardiogram. The aim of this study was to investigate QTc interval in obese children and assess the relation between cardiac risk factors and QTc interval. Materials and Methods: Forty five obese children whose body mass index (BMI) persentil was > % 95th and eighty seven control group were enrolled in this study. QTc was derived using Bazett’s Formula. Results: Mean QTc value was found significantly longer in obese children (413.89±23.27ms) than control group (398.95±24.28ms) (p= 0,001) and also prolonged QTc frequency was more than six times in obese (% 15.6) than control group (%2.4). BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting glucose, insulin, left ventricular mass (LVM) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and HOMA-IR values were lower in obese group compared with the controls. There was no correlation between QTc, metabolic parameters, systolic and diastolic BP, BMI, LVM and CIMT in obese group. Conclusion: QTc prolongation can be seen more common in obese children and may result in sudden death. So obese children must be followed closely regarding QTc interval.

Araknoid granülasyonlar, araknoid membranın dural sinüsler içine doğru büyümesidir. Bu oluşumlar, dural sinüsleri dolduracak ve genişletecek kadar büyüyebilir veya kafatasının iç sahasına açılabilir. Biz burada, bir haftadır başdönmesi şikayeti ile başvuran 56 yaşında erkek bir hasta sunuyoruz. Nörolojik ve göz dibi muayeneleri normal idi. Beyin bilgisayarlı tomografi taraması pariyetal kemiğin iç sahasında bilateral birden fazla litik alanlar gösterirken; bu lezyonlar manyetik rezonans görüntülemede (MRG) kontrast tutmayan tarzda olup dural sinüs tıkanıklığı ile ilişkili değildi. Baş dönmesi vestibulosuppressan ilaçlar ile geriledi. Hiçbir müdahale planlanmadı ve hasta MRG çalışmaları ile takip edildi.

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return anomaly (PPAVR) is a rare congenital anomaly, and it is defined as the drainage of one or more pulmonary vein to the right atrium or systemic circulation. We evaluated multidetector computed tomography angiography findings of a case with of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return., Parsiyel anormal pulmoner venöz dönüş anomalisi (PAPVD) nadir bir konjenital anomaldir ve bir veya daha fazla pulmoner venin sağ atrium veya sistemik dolaşıma drene olması olarak tanımlanır. Bu yazıda, PAPVD anomalisi olan olgunun, çok kesitli bilgisayarlı tomografi anjiyografi bulguları değerlendirildi.

Background We hypothesized that since asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, it could lead to the early development of atherosclerosis in childhood-onset asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate arterial stiffness, distensibility, and strain of different peripheral arteries, the parameters of which can be used to detect atherosclerosis in asthmatic children. Material/methods We studied 22 pediatric patients with asthma and 18 healthy children. Fasting blood glucose and cholesterol levels were evaluated to exclude children with diabetes and hyperlipidemia, which are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Renal, carotid, and brachial arteries diameters were measured. Using the measured data, stiffness, distensibility, and strain of the arteries of all children were calculated. Results Pulse pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterols, and glucose levels of the obese individuals were similar to the controls. In carotid arteries there were no statistical differences regarding stiffness, distensibility, and strain. According to multiple ANCOVA analysis, distensibility and strain of right and left brachial arteries and right renal artery were higher, whereas right renal artery stiffness was lower in asthmatic children than in controls. Approximately one-fifth of the change in the left and right brachial arteries and right renal artery distensibility and strain and a small portion of the change in the right renal artery stiffness were associated with asthma. In contrast, left renal artery distensibility, strain, and stiffness were not associated with asthma. Conclusions Peripheral arteries had higher distensibility and strain, and lower stiffness in asthmatic children than in controls.